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1.
灰飞虱对水稻条纹叶枯病的传毒特性初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus(Fallen)是水稻条纹叶枯病(Rice stripevirus)的传毒介体。水稻分蘖期前感染病毒后,心叶卷曲而后枯死;拔节期后感病,穗部大多畸形扭曲不实。70年代云南中部地区的富民、姚安、大姚、易门、禄丰、永胜、昆明等县市都曾发生,部分地区整片枯死甚而成灾。1982年从易门县秧田分别捕获越冬代成虫和第一代若虫带回本所室内进行传毒特性研究,结果表明:在平均气温19.6℃条件下,水稻条纹叶枯病毒在灰飞虱体内的循回期平均为12.7天,终身带毒,能连续传毒或间歇传毒。健稻喂饲带毒虫30分钟即能染病,以秧苗2—3叶期最易感染。雌虫自然带毒率和获毒率分别比雄虫高出33.3％及55.6％。 相似文献
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灰飞虱传毒特性研究初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
灰飞虱是水稻条纹叶枯病(RSV)的传毒介体,不论长翅型或短翅型成虫都能带毒,并能传毒发病,但以雌虫所占比例较高。各龄若虫也都能带毒,并传毒发病,龄期愈大,带毒率愈高。不同病区虫源自然带毒率差异较大,重病区的保山(邹里)带毒率最高达61.9%,传毒频次多,传毒发病率达17.8%;轻病区的巍山带毒率为10%,传毒发病率仅0.86%;宜良和姚安则介于两者之间。在平均温度21.6—22.3℃条件下,潜育期平均为19.4—20.3天;在平均温度24.9-25.6℃下,潜育期平均为13.5—14.4天。水稻返青期,分蘖初期、盛期、末期都能传毒发病,拔节、孕穗及灌浆期传毒后未见发病,在保山灰飞虱1年发生六至七代,全代历期除越冬代(第七代)长达131.4天外一至六代为34.3—68.4天;卵历期除第一代为21.6天外,二至七代为7.9—12.8天;若虫历期除越冬代(第七代)为71.6天外,一至六代为13.1—26.2天;成虫历期除越冬代达50天外,一至六代为6.4—25.8天。一般雌虫比雄虫寿命长。 相似文献
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由于毒源的累积作用,本地水稻条纹叶枯病的发生逐年加重,在生产中造成一定损失。笔者经大面积调查分析,该病的防治存在 2个偏向。 1)未见病时"怕"用药。由于草害发生重,人工除草用工量太大,因此,本地农户对秧田使用除草剂积极性很高,而对螟虫、灰飞虱的防治重视不够。特别是农民对灰飞虱传毒为害普遍缺乏认识。事实上,秧苗期灰飞虱为害,本身造成的损失极小,而传毒为害损失大。灰飞虱传毒致病 (水稻条纹叶枯病 )隐症期较长,约 20 d(天 )后植株才表现叶面黄化,植株矮缩,直至死苗。生产中,植保部门指导秧苗期用药防治灰飞虱… 相似文献
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为明确人工饲养对灰飞虱传毒能力的影响,本文利用人工饲养至第55代、23代和8代的3个无毒灰飞虱群体,研究灰飞虱携带和传播RBSDV能力的差异。每个群体经饲毒、度过循回期后,选择雌、雄成虫各50头,单头单苗接种1叶1心期健康玉米。接种4 d回收灰飞虱,利用RT-PCR检测带毒率,并调查灰飞虱死亡率;接种43~50 d后调查玉米粗缩病发病率。结果表明:人工饲养55代、23代和8代的灰飞虱群体平均带毒率分别为68.24%、58.93%和62.09%,统计分析表明差异不显著;3个群体平均传毒率分别为31.22%、20.32%和29.91%,55代和8代群体均显著高于23代(P0.05);3个群体平均死亡率分别为54.19%、65.24%和77.72%,其中55代群体极显著低于8代(P0.01),二者与23代群体差异不显著。3个群体灰飞虱的带毒率63.09%高于传毒率27.15%,差异极显著(P0.01)。结论:人工群体饲养至第55代的灰飞虱与仅饲养至第8代的灰飞虱在携带和传播RBSDV方面未发现显著差异,且均保持了较好的能力。 相似文献
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自90年代以来，水稻黑条矮缩病在本地发病面积不断扩大，为害逐年加重，据统计1999年，全台州地区发病面积已达到1.33万hm2。其中以连作晚稻发病最重，一般发病田块丛发病率为10%～30%，严重的达30%～80%，最重的田丘丛发病率达95%以上。业已成为当前威胁我市水稻生产的一种灾变性病害。该病是由灰飞虱(Laodelphax Striatellus Fallen)传毒所致，在目前生产上尚未抗病免疫良种与有效治疗病毒病药剂可提供的状况下，治虫防病成了防治水稻黑条矮缩病的主要手段，但治虫防病的效果常受到多种因素的影响而不尽人意。笔者认为要取得理想的效果，首先应搞清传毒昆虫灰飞虱在本地的发生规律及侵染特性，其次是了解水稻的主要感染期，并依此来制订防治方法。本文是根据我们近几年来在台州临海市病区基点开展水稻黑条矮缩病防治实践的成功经验。对该病治虫防病策略的报道。 1 传毒昆虫灰飞虱的发生时期 根据我们室内饲养和田间调查，灰飞虱在本地一年发生6代，各代发生盛期是：越冬代成虫在3月上、中旬；第1代若虫在4月下旬至5月上旬，成虫在5月中，下旬；第2代若虫在6月上、中旬，成虫在6月中、下旬；第3代若虫在7月上、中旬，成虫在7月中、下旬；第4代若虫在8月上旬，成虫在8月下旬至9月上旬；第5代若虫在9月上、中旬，成虫在9月下旬至10月上旬；第6代(越冬)若虫在10月中、下旬，2代后各代发生期相互重叠。 相似文献
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总结了2004—2015年水稻条纹叶枯病在来安发生演变特点,论述了灰飞虱发生期、灰飞虱带毒率、品种抗性、水稻播栽期及灰飞虱传毒前防效等影响该病在来安县发生为害的因素,并提出了合理的防治对策。 相似文献
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Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
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Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献
18.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
20.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献