共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 477 毫秒
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瘤胃上皮细胞增殖和物质转运分子机制的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
瘤胃作为反刍动物特有的消化器官,对饲粮营养消化利用具有重要作用。近50年来,人们对瘤胃上皮细胞发育和物质转运做了大量研究,重点聚焦于瘤胃上皮细胞增殖分子机制及相关转运蛋白调控通路的探索,如胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)和表皮生长因子(EGF)参与调控葡萄糖的转运,钠氢交换蛋白(NHE)、单羧酸转运载体(MCTs)和G蛋白偶联受体(GPR)参与瘤胃上皮细胞短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的转运等。尽管如此,我们对于瘤胃发育的内在机制了解非常有限,本文针对反刍动物瘤胃上皮细胞增殖和物质转运分子机制的研究进展进行了综述,对于进一步理解瘤胃上皮细胞发育过程及建立最佳的反刍动物营养供给策略具有重要意义。 相似文献
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蛋白质在动物营养中起着重要作用,大量研究已表明蛋白质营养不仅是游离氨基酸营养,肽营养也具有重要作用。本文综述了反刍动物肽的吸收特点及影响因素,肽的吸收代谢机制,肽对瘤胃微生物的调控及对反刍动物生产性能发挥的作用,并阐述饲料蛋白源活性肽的开发应用及肽营养研究与应用前景。 相似文献
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蛋氨酸是动物的一种重要的必需氨基酸。蛋氨酸羟基类似物可在动物体内转化为蛋氨酸并发挥其营养作用。此外，它还可用做反刍动物的过瘤胃蛋白源和仔猪日粮的酸化剂，能抑菌杀菌、减少热应激，并可减少氮的排泄，保护环境。本文重点从蛋氨酸羟基类似物的消化吸收机制、对动物的主要生物学作用和生物学效价的评定3方面进行综述。 相似文献
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烟酸是畜禽必需的维生素之一，是动物体内2个重要脱氢酶的辅酶NAD^ 和NADP^ 的重要成分，在动物机体代谢中起着至关重要的作用。麻饼作为反刍动物常用的一种饲料原料，可以提供瘤胃蛋白来源,而尿素又是一种反刍动物最常用的非蛋白含氮物质．研究它们配合后的日粮对反刍动物及其瘤胃发酵的影响是非常有必要的。试验利用体外试验法，以内蒙古半细毛羯羊为试验动物，在以尿素一麻饼型日粮为培养底物的培养液中补加不同剂量的烟酸后,测定其若干瘤胃指标。用以确定烟酸适宜添加剂量范围，为配制舍饲育肥绵羊预混料提供理论依据。 相似文献
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尿素含氮量约为46％,是反刍动物养殖常用的一种廉价非蛋白氮（NPN）饲料。尿素被牛羊等反刍动物采食后,不仅能在瘤胃中合成大量的菌体蛋白满足牛羊蛋白质营养的需要,还能补充瘤胃微生物所需的氮素,降低饲料蛋白质在瘤胃内的降解,有利于提高饲料中蛋白质的利用率。但在生产实践中,由于使用尿素不科学或滥用尿素, 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):989-996
Inefficient dietary nitrogen (N) conversion to microbial proteins, and the subsequent use by ruminants, is a major research focus across different fields. Excess bacterial ammonia (NH3) produced due to degradation or hydrolyses of N containing compounds, such as urea, leads to an inefficiency in a host's ability to utilize nitrogen. Urea is a non-protein N containing compound used by ruminants as an ammonia source, obtained from feed and endogenous sources. It is hydrolyzed by ureases from rumen bacteria to produce NH3 which is used for microbial protein synthesis. However, lack of information exists regarding urea hydrolysis in ruminal bacteria, and how urea gets to hydrolysis sites. Therefore, this review describes research on sites of urea hydrolysis, urea transport routes towards these sites, the role and structure of urea transporters in rumen epithelium and bacteria, the composition of ruminal ureolytic bacteria, mechanisms behind urea hydrolysis by bacterial ureases, and factors influencing urea hydrolysis. This review explores the current knowledge on the structure and physiological role of urea transport and ureolytic bacteria, for the regulation of urea hydrolysis and recycling in ruminants. Lastly, underlying mechanisms of urea transportation in rumen bacteria and their physiological importance are currently unknown, and therefore future research should be directed to this subject. 相似文献
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本研究探讨了在日粮中添加尿素替代部分豆粕对山羊瘤胃发酵、上皮细胞增殖、凋亡和吸收转运能力的影响。将18 只波杂山羊随机分为3 组（n=6）,分别饲喂3 种日粮：LC组（纯粗料）、MC组（30%精料）以及Urea组（1%DM缓释尿素替代部分豆粕+30%精料）。饲喂Urea组和MC组的山羊瘤胃中短链脂肪酸（SCFA）浓度、pH值均显著高于LC组,而该两组之间无显著差异;但Urea组在MC组的基础上进一步显著提高了瘤胃NH3和血浆尿素氮（BUN）浓度。因此日粮添加尿素对于瘤胃上皮中受瘤胃SCFA浓度、pH值调节的上皮生长、细胞周期、增殖凋亡相关基因和SCFA转运载体mRNA表达的影响与MC组相似,但对受瘤胃NH3调节的尿素转运、细胞内pH（pHi）调节相关蛋白mRNA表达则有显著的抑制效果,即显著高于LC组,但低于MC组。 相似文献
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尿素的实用意义较大,在生产中的应用也较为广泛。但是,直接饲喂尿素也存在一些弊端,特别是在饲料混合不均匀或尿素添加过量时,因为氨在瘤胃中的释放速度是瘤胃微生物对其利用速度的4倍。为了使反刍动物能更好地利用尿素,并使其瘤胃微生物利用氨与尿素释放氨同步,研究者们进行了大量的研究工作。对尿素缓释技术在反刍动物中应用的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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Abdoun K Stumpff F Martens H 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2006,7(1-2):43-59
The transport of nitrogen across the rumen epithelium is characterized by absorption of ammonia from the rumen and by an influx of urea into the rumen. The transport rates of both compounds are large and exhibit wide variation. The transport of ammonia occurs in two forms: in the lipophilic form as NH3, the magnitude of which is linearly related to the pH in the ruminal fluid at pH values above 7, while at a physiological pH of 6.5 or lower, ammonia is predominantly absorbed as NH4+ via putative potassium channels in the apical membrane. The uptake of NH4+ depends on the potential difference of the apical membrane, Pda, and shows competition with K uptake. The pathway for basolateral exit of NH4+ is unknown. Hence, the relative transport rates of NH3 or NH4+ are determined by the ruminal pH according to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Transport of ammonia interacts with the transport of Na and Mg mainly via changes of the intracellular pH. Urea recycling into the rumen has been known for many years and the transport across the rumen epithelium is mediated via urea transporters in the luminal and basolateral membrane of the epithelium. Transport of urea occurs by simple diffusion, but is highly variable. A significant increase of urea influx is caused by the fermentation products CO2 and short-chain fatty acids. Conversely, there is some evidence of inhibition of urea influx by ruminal ammonia. The underlying mechanisms of this modulation of urea transport are unknown, but of considerable nutritional importance, and future research should be directed to this aspect of ruminal transport. 相似文献
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瘤胃是反刍动物至关重要的消化吸收器官，部分降解的营养物质可直接通过瘤胃上皮被机体吸收和利用。因此，瘤胃的发育程度与反刍动物的生产性能密切相关，而瘤胃发育充分且功能健全是反刍动物最佳生产性能得以发挥的前提条件。然而，幼龄反刍动物瘤胃的生理结构及其功能均发育不完善，需在固体饲料、断母乳等外界刺激下完成经由非反刍阶段向反刍阶段转变的复杂过程，进而才可发挥其重要功能。目前，如何掌握并遵循瘤胃的发育规律，在保证瘤胃充分发育且功能完善的情况下，对幼龄反刍动物实施早期断奶技术，已成为现代反刍动物养殖生产中亟需解决的问题之一。作者就反刍动物瘤胃发育进程中瘤胃微生物菌群的时空演变、瘤胃组织形态学发育和代谢改变及瘤胃发育调控机制进行综述，由生理结构至功能逐层对反刍动物瘤胃的发育规律进行全面总结，阐明影响反刍动物瘤胃发育的相关因素及其可能的调控机制。本文旨在进一步丰富与瘤胃发育相关的理论基础，以期为利用瘤胃发育规律开发促进反刍动物瘤胃发育的营养调控策略提供科学支撑，为挖掘幼龄反刍动物的生产潜力提供新思路。 相似文献
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Highly fermentable diets are rapidly converted to organic acids [i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid] within the rumen. The resulting release of protons can constitute a challenge to the ruminal ecosystem and animal health. Health disturbances, resulting from acidogenic diets, are classified as subacute and acute acidosis based on the degree of ruminal pH depression. Although increased acid production is a nutritionally desired effect of increased concentrate feeding, the accumulation of protons in the rumen is not. Consequently, mechanisms of proton removal and their quantitative importance are of major interest. Saliva buffers (i.e., bicarbonate, phosphate) have long been identified as important mechanisms for ruminal proton removal. An even larger proportion of protons appears to be removed from the rumen by SCFA absorption across the ruminal epithelium, making efficiency of SCFA absorption a key determinant for the individual susceptibility to subacute ruminal acidosis. Proceeding initially from a model of exclusively diffusional absorption of fermentation acids, several protein-dependent mechanisms have been discovered over the last 2 decades. Although the molecular identity of these proteins is mostly uncertain, apical acetate absorption is mediated, to a major degree, via acetate-bicarbonate exchange in addition to another nitrate-sensitive, bicarbonate-independent transport mechanism and lipophilic diffusion. Propionate and butyrate also show partially bicarbonate-dependent transport modes. Basolateral efflux of SCFA and their metabolites has to be mediated primarily by proteins and probably involves the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) and anion channels. Although the ruminal epithelium removes a large fraction of protons from the rumen, it also recycles protons to the rumen via apical sodium-proton exchanger, NHE. The latter is stimulated by ruminal SCFA absorption and salivary Na(+) secretion and protects epithelial integrity. Finally, SCFA absorption also accelerates urea transport into the rumen, which via ammonium recycling, may remove protons from rumen to the blood. Ammonium absorption into the blood is also stimulated by luminal SCFA. It is suggested that the interacting transport processes for SCFA, urea, and ammonia represent evolutionary adaptations of ruminants to actively coordinate energy fermentation, protein assimilation, and pH regulation in the rumen. 相似文献