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1.
《林业科学》2021,57(1)
【目的】研究金丝楸木材化学成分在纵向不同高度及径向心、边材中的含量和组成特点,为金丝楸木材加工利用提供科学依据。【方法】分析金丝楸木材纵向不同高度心、边材苯醇抽提物、聚糖和木质素含量,采用细胞壁全溶法结合二维异核单量子核磁共振(2D HSQC NMR)技术对相应部位的原生木质素分子结构进行表征。【结果】金丝楸木材边材苯醇抽提物含量高于心材,且心材中靠近树心部分的苯醇抽提物含量高于靠近边材部分。心、边材苯醇抽提物化学成分存在差异,但不同高度相同径向区域苯醇抽提物含量及其成分差异较小且并未随树高不同体现出特定变化规律。边材木质素含量低于心材,但心、边材木质素含量在树高方向上无明显变化规律。金丝楸木材木质素为典型G/S型木质素,纵向不同高度区域木质素大分子结构基本一致,但心材木质素分子结构中β-5'连接的相对含量高于边材。木聚糖是金丝楸木材半纤维素的主要组分。边材聚糖相对含量高于心材,但心、边材聚糖含量并未随树高不同体现出特定变化规律。【结论】金丝楸木材径向心、边材化学成分含量及相应成分分子结构具有规律性差异,边材向心材过渡过程中主要变化为木质素成分的积累和发色物质的生物合成。木材纵向不同高度相应区域中各化学成分含量也存在一定差别,但并未随树高不同发生规律性变化。木材纵向不同高度相同径向区域中各组分的化学成分和分子结构基本一致。对金丝楸木材进行加工利用时,应重点关注其径向方向的化学成分含量和性质差异。 相似文献
2.
盐酸-香草醛比色法测定油松针叶和树皮中原花青素的含量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
原花青素为低聚黄烷化合物的总称,广泛存在于各种植物核、皮或种子中。笔者用甲醇作溶剂,以儿茶素为标准品,采用盐酸-香草醛比色法测定油松针叶和树皮中原花青素的含量。结果表明,油松针叶和树皮中原花青素的含量分别为6.0 g/100 g和3.91 g/100 g。 相似文献
3.
采用体积法和质量法测定树皮率,排水法测定木材体积,研究了红锥5种家系木材的生材性质。研究结果表明,D家系的树皮体积百分率最高,达到10.02%,B、D、P、R、X家系的树皮体积百分率平均值为8.81%。B家系的树皮质量百分率最高,达到13.70%, X家系的树皮体积百分率和树皮质量百分率明显低于其他家系。B、D、P、R、X家系的树皮质量百分率平均值为10.20%;家系间心材率差异不大,平均值为43.79%;家系间南北向生材密度变化规律基本一致,北向从髓心向外均逐渐减小,南向从髓心向外先减少后增大;南北向基本密度数值差异均不大,北向靠髓心、中间及边材等3个位置基本密度平均值分别为0.525、0.583、0.576 g·cm-3,南向靠髓心、中间及边材位置3部分的基本密度平均值分别为0.475、0.500、0.539 g·cm-3;除南向B系列和R系列外,家系间生材含水率南北向变化规律一致,从髓心向外均逐渐减小,中间部分和边材部分差异不大,B系列和R系列的南向从髓心向外先减小后增大,靠近髓心部分的生材含水率明显较高。 相似文献
4.
海岸防风林中山杉木材生长特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了20年生海岸防风林中山杉302木材的生长特性,结果表明,单株平均材积为0.359 m3.生长轮平均宽度为8.12 mm,其径向变异为由髓心向外先增加后减小,随后趋于稳定.冬季休眠期立木生材含水率平均值为153.61%;其径向变异为由髓心向外逐渐减小,至边材向心材转化前1～2年,达到最低值,为59.44%;随后生材含水率逐渐增加,至树皮附近的2～3年趋于稳定.心材平均含水率是179.46%.边材平均含水率是127.79%.基本密度的径向变异为自髓心向外以抛物线状增加,基本密度与生长轮龄具有Y=-0.000 4x2+0.009 7x+0.323 2的相关关系. 相似文献
5.
《林业科学》2021,57(4)
【目的】分析栓皮栎和麻栎不同使用部位抽提物含量及其化学组成特点,为栎类木材加工工艺和实际生产提供应用性指导,为我国林木资源充分、合理、高附加值利用提供新的思路和科学依据。【方法】以河南地区栓皮栎和麻栎为研究对象,采用我国木材化学分析标准,结合傅里叶红外(FTIR)和气相质谱联用(GC-MS)方法,对树干不同高度上树皮、心边材冷/热水抽提物、1%NaOH抽提物、苯醇抽提物含量和组成进行详细分析。【结果】对于树干不同高度上树皮、心边材冷/热水抽提物、1%Na OH抽提物含量,栓皮栎明显高于麻栎;在同一种栎类木材中,树皮抽提物含量最高,边材次之,心材最低;抽提物含量在树干高度上呈两端高、中间低的趋势;对于苯醇抽提物含量,栓皮栎树皮远高于心边材和麻栎树皮,但2种栎类木材心边材差异较小且并未随树高呈特定变化规律。栓皮栎和麻栎树皮、心边材FTIR图谱区别明显,根据图谱吸收峰强度判断,栎类木材树皮中可能含有较多的醇类、脂肪酸、芳香族类和烷烃结构化合物,心边材中应还有较多的酸类、醇类及不饱和烃化物。GC-MS联用分析结果显示,树皮、心边材中均含有少量烷烃醇、酯类及不饱和烯类,其中,树皮中含有软木三萜酮及其同分异构体,心边材中含有γ-谷甾醇等化学物质。【结论】栓皮栎和麻栎树皮、心边材抽提物主要化学成分存在较大的含量差异和一定的成分差异;树干高度对2种栎类木材抽提物含量也有一定影响,中间部分累积较多的冷/热水、1%Na OH抽提物,但并没有发生明显成分差异。在木材实际加工和生产中,应充分考虑2种栎类木材树皮、心边材抽提物含量和性质差异,提供合理、全面、高价值的加工利用方案。 相似文献
6.
对柚木木材的生材性质进行研究,可对人工林柚木的合理加工和高效利用提供理论依据。采用体积法和质量法测定11年生的柚木树皮率,用排水法测定木材体积,并用测定得到的数据分析柚木的树皮率、心材率、生材密度、基本密度和生材含水率。研究结果表明：11年生柚木树皮体积分数和树皮质量分数随着树高的增加而增加,在树梢部位树皮率最高,平均值分别为26.26%,25.93%。心材率随着树高的增加而减小,心材在根部较大,树干根部心材率最大为47.63%,平均值为34.60%。生材密度随着树高增加而减小,平均值为1.094 g/cm3,自髓心向外,南向和北向都先减小后增大。基本密度随着树高增加呈现先减小后增加的趋势,平均值为0.558 g/cm3,自髓心向外,南向和北向均逐渐增加。生材含水率随着树高的增加而减小,平均值为97.32%,自髓心向外,南向跟北向均减少且数值基本相等。 相似文献
7.
《林业实用技术》2015,(11)
对50年生降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera)木材的生材性质进行研究,并与25年生降香黄檀进行比较分析。采用体积法和质量法测定树皮率,排水法测定木材体积,并对测定得到的数据进行分析。研究结果表明:50年生降香黄檀树皮体积百分率和树皮质量百分率随着树高的增加而增加,平均值分别为19.81%、19.86%。心材率随着树高的增加而减小,但没有明显的变化规律,心材在根部较大,树干根部心材率最大为30.83%,平均值为7.79%。生材密度从髓心向外,南向和北向都先减小后增大,且随着树高增加而减小,平均值为0.973g/cm3。基本密度从髓心向外,南向和北向均逐渐增加,随着树高增加,呈先减小后增大再减小的趋势,平均值为0.655g/cm3。50年生降香黄檀生材含水率从髓心向外,南向跟北向均减少,随着树高的增加而减小,平均值为48.98%。50年生与25年生降香黄檀相比,心材率均随着树高的增加而减小。两者根部心材率相差不大,但25年生降香黄檀心材率平均值为30.53%,而50年生降香黄檀心材率平均值仅为7.79%,具体原因尚不可知,需进一步探究。 相似文献
8.
《森林与环境学报》2015,(3)
檀香心材是国际公认的天然高级香料的主要来源,亦是中国传统中药的重要原料。檀香心材的形成较为缓慢,资源奇缺,而其边材尚未加以利用。为了更好地开发利用檀香资源,实现高效利用,以21年生檀香木材为研究对象,采用乙醚浸提法分别提取了其边材和心材的精油,并应用气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对其组分及含量进行了对比分析。结果表明:檀香心材的精油含量显著高于边材(P0.001),其平均相对含量分别为4.44%和1.33%;檀香心材的α-檀香醇、β-檀香醇和总檀香醇的平均相对含量分别为46.95%、24.23%和75.97%,均显著高于边材,精油质量达到了檀香木油的贸易标准,而边材精油则未达到该标准;檀香边材精油亦含有檀香油的主要成分,且含有一些烷烃、醛和不饱和酸等成分,可加以利用。本研究结果不仅有助于增进了解檀香心材形成过程中的成分变化,而且可以为檀香边材资源的综合开发利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
9.
侧柏心材活性成分的提取及其抑菌性能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究侧柏心材不同部位及正己烷和二氯甲烷依次提取的心材活性成分对白腐菌、褐腐菌、黑曲霉菌的抑菌作用,并采用GC/MS联用技术对提取物中的活性成分进行鉴定和分析.结果表明:侧柏心材从髓心向边材根据年轮所划分的3个部位对3种真菌都具有较好的抑菌效果,并且靠近边材的2部分抑菌效果更明显些.气质联机技术对正己烷和二氯甲烷提取物分析鉴定表明:侧柏心材正己烷提取物中有14种化合物,大部分化合物属于萜烯类物质及其衍生物,最高含量化合物为罗汉柏烯(25.564%)和雪松醇(19.743%);侧柏心材二氯甲烷提取物中鉴定出24种化合物,最高含量化合物也为罗汉柏烯(15.429%).侧柏心材正己烷提取物对褐腐菌、白腐菌和黑曲霉菌第14 d时的抑菌圈直径分别为10.0,9.3和8.3 mm,大于二氯甲烷提取物抑菌圈直径(0,2.7和1.3mm),表明正己烷提取物对3种真菌的抑制生长作用明显优于二氯甲烷提取物的抑菌作用. 相似文献
10.
【目的】分析中国主要人工林木材的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）组成及气味物质特征，为低气味木质家居产品筛选合适的木材原料，也为木质家居材料气味的治理确定处理对象、提供治理依据。【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合气相色谱—质谱（GC-MS）对青杨、速生桉、杉木、马尾松和樟木5种人工林木材树皮和心边材的VOCs组成进行定性定量分析，同时根据联用的嗅闻仪表征木材各部位主要气味物质的气味类型、气味强度和嗅阈值。【结果】青杨、速生桉、杉木、马尾松和樟木5种人工林木材的VOCs组分包括萜烯类、醇类、酮类、酸类、醛类、酯类、酚类和呋喃杂环化合物。樟木和马尾松心边材以及杉木和速生桉心材均含有较多VOCs组分。樟木心边材和树皮中富含的芳樟醇和黄樟油精是樟木的独有组分；马尾松心边材中富含的α-蒎烯在樟木中也有少量存在；杉木心材中VOCs含量最高的2种组分为α-雪松烯和β-杜松烯；速生桉心材中VOCs含量最高的2种组分为δ-杜松烯和α-依兰油烯；青杨除树皮中含有少量水杨醛、苯甲醛和呋喃组分外，心边材中VOCs含量甚微。木材气味主要来源于VOCs中的萜烯类、醇类、酮类、醛类和酯类物质。芳樟醇、黄樟... 相似文献
11.
We evaluated heartwood, sapwood and bark content in teak trees. A total of 27 sample plots were laid out in teak plantations raised by State Forest Department in Karnataka covering different age groups... 相似文献
12.
观光木的生材性质研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对观光木的生材密度、含水率、树皮率及心材率进行测定分析,结果表明:观光木的生材密度从髓心向外呈先减小再增大的趋势,随着树高的增加,亦呈先减小再增大的趋势,其平均值为0.873 g.cm-3;基本密度自髓心向外逐渐增大,随着树高增加,呈先减小后增大再减小的趋势,其平均值为0.423 g.cm-3;含水率从髓心向外呈减小的趋势,随着树高的增加,呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,其平均值为108.4%;树皮的体积百分率及质量百分率均随着树高的增加而增加,其平均值分别为13.5%、15.8%;心材率随着树高的增加而减少,心材百分率平均值为15.6%。 相似文献
13.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(3):157-164
ABSTRACTThis paper describes the chemical composition of sapwood (SW) and heartwood (HW) of Pinus halepensis Mill stem. Extractives were first isolated by accelerated solvent extraction and then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The cellulosic polysaccharide content present in the pre-extracted wood samples was determined with acid hydrolysis and GC. The hemicelluloses content was determined with acid methanolysis and GC. Free monomers were additionally analysed by GC. The amount of lignin was determined gravimetrically by the Klason lignin method and the acid-soluble lignin was determined by a UV method. Formic and acetic acids in wood were determined after alkaline hydrolysis and analysed by HP-SEC. It was found that lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives were more abundant in heartwood (1.6% and 2.5%) than in sapwood (1.1% and 1.8%). Celluloses content was higher in sapwood (42.5%) than in heartwood (39.7%), whereas lignin, hemicelluloses and sugar monomer contents were more abundant in heartwood (28.9%, 26.8% and 0.3%) than in sapwood (28.0%, 24.5% and 0.2%). The variation in acetic and formic acids and ash contents between sapwood (0.7%, 0.2% and 0.5%) and heartwood (0.6%, 0.1% and 0.4%) was small. The acetylation degrees were found to be slightly similar in sapwood (0.4) and heartwood (0.3). 相似文献
14.
Chemical composition of earlywood and latewood in Norway spruce heartwood,sapwood and transition zone wood 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study focused on the distribution of wood components along a cross section of a spruce stem. Thin samples of earlywood and latewood were analysed by special micro-scale analytical techniques. Heartwood contained significantly more lignin and less cellulose than sapwood. The total content of hemicelluloses was the same along the radial direction, but the distribution of sugar units differed. The amounts of arabinoglucuronoxylan and pectins were larger in the heartwood. The transition zone between heartwood and sapwood had a specific composition, with less lignin and lipophilic extractives than heartwood and sapwood. For earlywood and latewood, significant differences were found in the distribution of sugar units in hemicelluloses. Latewood contained clearly more galactoglucomannan than earlywood, and conversely less pectins. The lipophilic extractives were also less concentrated in the latewood.Abbreviations EW or E earlywood - LW or L latewood - HW heartwood - SW sapwood - TZ transition zone wood - A.R. annual ring - AcBr Acetyl bromide - Ara arabinose - Xyl xylose - Gal galactose - Glc glucose - Man mannose - Rha rhamnose - GlcA glucuronic acid - MGlcA 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid - GalA galacturonic acid - o.d. oven dry 相似文献
15.
16.
Heartwood, sapwood, and inner and outer bark of Port Orford cedar were extracted with methanol, and the extracts evaluated
for antioxidant activity. The total phenol content (TPC) of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and
expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Butylated hydroxytoluene was used as a positive control in the free-radical-scavenging
activity tests and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate disodium salt served as a positive control in the metal-chelating
activity assay. All wood extracts showed significant freeradical-scavenging activity. In the radical-scavenging assay of 2,2-azino-bis
(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (the ABTS assay), the inner bark extracts exhibited the strongest
free-radical-scavenging activity. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in the radical-scavenging assay against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical (DPPH) of the heartwood, sapwood,
and inner and outer bark extracts were 64.77, 29.03, 10.31, 19.87 μg·ml−1, respectively. In the metal-chelating activity system, the sapwood extract demonstrated significant activity. The greatest
TPC, 537.5 mg GAE/g dry extract, was detected in the inner bark. The lowest TPC of 136.9 mg GAE/g dry extract was observed
in the heartwood dry extract. The results indicate that the antioxidant activities of the extracts are in accordance with
the amounts of phenolics present; the inner and outer barks of Port Orford cedar are rich in phenolics and may provide good
sources of antioxidants. 相似文献
17.
采用排水法、体积法及质量法对阴香树的生材密度、含水率、树皮率及心材率进行测定.结果表明：阴香的生材密度从髓心向外北向呈现先降低后增大的变化趋势,而南向则呈现逐渐降低的趋势,在树高方向生材密度变化较为波动,但基本上呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其平均值为1.210g/cm3.阴香木的基本密度从髓心出现先降低后增大的规律,在树的高度方向上表现出先减小后增大再减小的趋势,阴香木基本密度的平均值为0.548g/cm3.阴香木的生材含水率从髓心位置向外逐渐减小,测试的生材含水率平均值为122.5％.树皮体积百分率及质量百分率的变化规律是均随着树高的增加而增加,其平均值分别为13.86％和15.2％.随着树木高度的增加,心材率反而降低,其平均值为42.0％. 相似文献
18.
Heartwood is a determining factor of wood quality and understanding the biology of heartwood may allow us to control its formation. Heartwood formation is a form of senescence that is accompanied by a variety of metabolic alterations in ray parenchyma cells at the sapwood-heartwood transition zone. Although senescence has been studied at the molecular level with respect to primary growth, the cell maturation and death events occurring during heartwood formation have been difficult to study because of their location and timing. Analysis of global gene expression patterns during the transition from sapwood to heartwood may offer a powerful means of identifying the mechanisms controlling heartwood formation. Previously, we developed cDNA microarrays carrying 2567 unigenes derived from the bark/cambium region, sapwood and transition zone of a mature black locust tree. Here, we describe the use of these microarrays to characterize seasonal changes in the expression patterns of 1873 genes from the transition zone of mature black locust trees. When samples collected in summer and fall were compared, 569 genes showed differential expression patterns: 293 genes were up-regulated (> twofold) in summer (July 5) and 276 genes were up-regulated in fall (November 27). More than 50% of the secondary and hormone metabolism-related genes on the microarrays were up-regulated in summer. Twenty-nine out of 55 genes involved in signal transduction were differentially regulated, suggesting that the ray parenchyma cells located in the innermost part of the trunk wood react to seasonal changes. We established the expression patterns of 349 novel genes (previously unknown or no-hit), of which 154 were up-regulated in summer and 195 were up-regulated in the fall. 相似文献
19.
G. Von Cerny 《Forest Pathology》1973,3(4):214-220
Inhibition of several ectoenzymes of Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. by wood and bark extracts from Picea abies (Karst.). Methanol soluble extractives of sapwood, heartwood and reaction zone from Norway spruce as well as acetone soluble extractives of spruce bark were tested at a concentration of 0.05 percent for inhibition of Fomes annosus enzymes cellulase, pectinase 相似文献
20.
Indiscriminate use of natural resources in the past has lead to fuelwood shortages in many parts of the tropical world. To surmount this domestic energy crisis, not only degraded sites must be planted with trees having high fuel value potential, but also agroforestry promoted on arable lands. To enable choice of species for such energy plantations/agroforests in the humid tropics of peninsular India, we assessed the heat of combustion and physical properties that determine combustion of phytofuels, such as ash content, specific gravity and moisture content. Bark and wood samples of 45 multipurpose tree species in the homegardens of Kerala, India and three fuel materials of local importance (coconut [Cocos nucifera] endocarp, dried coconut spathe and dehiscent rubber [Hevea braziliensis] pericarp) were evaluated. Variations abound in the calorific values and physical properties of species and tissue-types. In general, heat of combustion and specific gravity followed the sequence: heartwood > sapwood > bark, while mean ash percentage followed a reverse order (bark > sapwood > heartwood). Ash content had a negative correlation with heat of combustion, but specific gravity exerted a positive influence. Furthermore, ash content and wood specific gravity were inversely related. Although green moisture content increased in the order: bark < heartwood < sapwood, it failed to show any predictable relationship with heat of combustion.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献