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钦州湾红树植物根部内生真菌初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过多年对钦州湾区域不同位点的红树林根际取样研究，发现暗色有隔内生真菌和丛枝菌根真菌在红树植物的根系中普遍存在。报道这两类真菌在红树植物根部侵染情况的初步观察结果，并分析讨论红树林根部真菌存在的可能性和可能作用。 相似文献
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红树林是生长在热带和亚热带潮间带河口地带的耐盐植物群落,分布在南纬30°与北纬30°之间,具有盐胁迫、高矿物组成、强还原性、频繁的潮汐等特征,也使植物对营养、空间的竞争异常激烈,特殊生境使红树林植物内生真菌多样性丰富,必然会造成不同于其他生态系统的良好生物活性、独特化学结构的活性功能分子。红树属是红树林植物中分布较广泛的一个属,包括8个种,分别是红海榄、红树、红茄苳、美洲红树、Rhizophora harrisonii、R.racemosa、树冬红树和萨摩红树。迄今为止,从红树属分离出内生真菌类群已达23目41科64属,其中对拟盘多毛孢属、青霉属和毛霉属的内生真菌代谢产物研究的最为广泛;从红树属内生真菌中分离鉴定出195种天然产物,包括生物碱类、萜类化合物、香豆素类、色酮类化合物、醌类化合物、杂氧蒽醌类化合物、肽类、酚酸类化合物、内酯类等化合物,从红树属植物中发现许多结构新颖的次生代谢产物,从中国南海红树林红茄苳内生拟盘多毛孢真菌中发现一系列罕见的具有亲脂性取代基的新色酮类化合物pestalotiopsones A-F (107—112),从拟盘多毛孢属JCM2A4中发现2个具有柔性结构的补身烷型倍半萜-环青霉醛酸的新骨架化合物pestalotiopens A和B (83, 84)。此外,许多化合物显示出良好的抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗氧化等生物活性,如化合物pestalpolyol 1(119)具有很强的抑制作用,对小鼠淋巴瘤L5178Y细胞的半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)值为4.10μmol·L-1。从内生真菌毛霉QEN-189中分离到的吲哚生物碱rhizovarins A,B和F(46, 47, 50)对肺癌细胞A549抑制作用强,IC50值分别为11.5、6.3和9.2μmol·L-1,对白血病细胞HL-60有强抑制作用,IC50值为9.6、5和7μmol·L-1。 相似文献
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CHENG Zhong-shan TANG Wen-cheng XU Shu-lan SUN Shi-feng Huang Bo-You Yan Xi CHEN Qi-jin LIN Yong-cheng 《林业研究》2008,19(4)
红树林内生真菌1893是从中国南海秋茄(Kandelia candel)上分离的一株内生真菌,在液体发酵条件下能够产生包括1893A和1893B在内的多种新物质。为了正确的鉴定该菌株并为进一步的工业应用做准备,本文结合形态学和分子学两方面对它进行了鉴定,首先,在纯培养条件下,将它和具有以下形态特征的相似菌株进行比较:产生受精丝或像受精丝一样的菌丝,这些菌丝又和像雄器一样的菌丝发生明显的融合现象;环状产囊体与大量菌丝缠绕形成菌核前体。进一步通过该菌株在寄主秋茄和非寄主芒果叶子上的培养性状与其它相似真菌比较,结果将该菌株归于拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis)。其次,在ITS序列水平上,将它和具有形态学或生态学相似性的拟茎点霉进行系统发育分析。最后,综合形态学和分子学,红树林内生真菌1893被定为Diaporthe phaseolorum var.sojae,本文是首次报道Diaporthe phaseolorum var.sojae做为内生真菌寄生于秋茄。图5参43。 相似文献
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海平面上升引起潮汐水位降低和淹水时间增加,探明红树林对潮汐淹浸适应的生理生态特性有助于科学保护和修复红树林,而且科学选取红树林营林宜林地也需要了解红树林与潮汐浸淹之间的相互关联。文中从红树林潮汐浸淹的研究方法出发,重点论述水淹胁迫对红树植物形态表征、光合作用、呼吸作用、抗氧化系统、渗透调节物质和化学计量特征的影响,以及潮汐浸淹下红树植物分子生物学机制,以期为揭示红树植物对潮汐浸淹的适应机制以及全球气候变化背景下我国红树林造林实践和宜林地选择提供参考。 相似文献
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森林细根分解是陆地生态系统养分循环的关键环节和重要过程，腐生真菌通过其特性广泛参与有机质分解、养分循环，连接植物与土壤2大碳库。环境和生物因素共同影响着腐生真菌生态功能的实现。文中综述了森林细根分解的腐生真菌功能特性、胞外酶特性、腐生真菌群落多样性变化、演替过程及影响因素，指出在后期研究中可利用高通量测序技术，深入开展腐生真菌胞外酶功能特性、营养策略、功能多样性组间协作研究，探索真菌主导的凋落物分解机制，并应用网络关系分析生境和底物异质性对腐生真菌群落结构和多样性、生态位划分、竞争或合作频率关系的影响，揭示细根分解的腐生真菌群落演替、聚集和驱动机制。 相似文献
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红树林的种类及其分布 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
红树林是我国热带、亚热带海滩的一种木本植物群落,全国约有4万ha。巨大的红树林高可达20—30m,木材是建筑和家具用材。红树林还是天然海防林,有扩堤保滩作用。近年来,红树林的抗污染和净化作用,开始受到重视。例如Thomas和Ong(1980)进行红茄苳和海榄雌(Avicennia alba)的幼苗试验,认为对锌和铅有排斥作用。红树林地自然凋落物多,我们于1982年在福建九龙江口秋茄林地,测出凋落物达8.527/ha,泰国正红树、木榄林为8.327/ha。这样大量的干物质,分解形成有机碎屑,可为河口海区鱼虾大量饵料。国外已有专门红树林场,进行大面积栽培。马来西亚的林场以40—45年为采伐期,每英亩可得134吨木材(红树属)。菲律宾栽培红茄苳10年可成小矿柱材。南美一些国家以25年作一轮伐期,每英亩可得57吨木材(假红树属)。总之红树林有重要经济价值。保护和开发红树资源有着重要的现实意义。要开发利用,先得摸清资源,为此将我们多年来对红树资源的调查研究,结合有关统计资料,对其种类和分布简要介绍于后。 相似文献
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以红树林植物来源内生真菌构巢曲霉MA143为研究对象,对其ICI培养基发酵粗提物的化学成分进行初步研究,以期从红树林植物中分离得到具有显著生物活性的新化合物,用于如抗肿瘤、抗真菌等医药用途。采用萃取法、硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、RP-18反相柱层析等技术从中分离纯化得到了3个化合物。结合碳谱(13C-NMR)、氢谱(1HNMR)、质谱(ESI-MS)等波谱学技术及相关数据库检索鉴定出这3个化合物分别为:sterigmatocystin、Versicolorin A、Averufanin。红树林植物开发新型生物活性物质的潜能不可低估,开发其药物价值,发挥其经济效益与生态效益,促进海岸居民对其加以保护和种植,具有非常重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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Endohyphal bacteria from fungal endophytes of the Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) exhibit in vitro bioactivity 
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下载免费PDF全文 Endohyphal organisms of endophytic fungi can induce, or promote, beneficial effects of their respective host fungi to the host plant that harbours them. The Cupressaceae plant family (Coniferales) hosts highly bioactive endophytic fungi. Here, we show that a fraction of such endophytic fungi harbours bioactive endohyphal bacteria with a non‐obligatory symbiotic lifestyle. Indeed, 5 of 16 (31.25%) endophytic fungi of Cupressus sempervirens harboured endofungal bacterial strains of Bacillaceae (G+, Bacilli) and Sphingomonadaceae (G?, α‐Proteobacteria), that is Bacillus pumilus (from the fungi Leptosphaeria CSE211 and Pyrenochaeta CSE134), Bacillus subtilis (from the fungi Leptosphaeria CSE212 and Ascorhizoctonia CSE148) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (from the fungus Ascorhizoctonia CSE195). Notably, each endophytic fungal species contained only one endofungal bacterial species that was stably maintained in symbiosis over several rounds of subculturing. Moreover, we investigated whether cypress endofungal bacteria (CEB) could benefit their host fungus competing with other fungi and bacteria or the host plant against the invading microorganisms. In vitro assays indicated that CEB possessed antagonistic activity against cypress endophytic and pathogenic microbiome. Also, CEB metabolites and volatile compounds (VOCs) exhibited antifungal and antibacterial activity against the target microbiome. Bioactivity of CEB was less than that of the endophytic microbiome of Cupressaceae, on which we reported earlier. In conclusion, our work is the first to document endohyphal bacteria of fungal endophytes of C. sempervirens and the bioactivity of such endohyphal symbionts. These findings implicate a complicated interrelationship among host plant, endophytic microbiome and endofungal bacteria, which might be of high importance for evolutionary, as well as environmental and agricultural studies. Eventually, endohyphal bacteria may be introduced as a novel source for lead molecule discovery. 相似文献
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Wei Ma Xiubo Liu Jiao Jiao Leiming Zhang Weichao Ren Ling Ma Xiangjun Kong Ning Zhang Xiwu Zhang 《林业研究》2014,25(3):701-706
This study was designed to isolate endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus(growing in northeast China) to determine whether they can produce bioactive metabolites. Four strains of endophytic fungi(strains 16, 17, 23 and 75) were successfully isolated from A. mongholicus using the surface disinfection method. According to ITS-rDNA sequences analysis, strains 16 and 75 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, and strains 17 and 23 were identified as Bionectria ochroleuca. We applied the Box-Behnken design(BBD) to optimize the liquid fermentation conditions and obtain the maximum cell dry weight(CDW) yield. Optimal parameters were obtained under the following experimental conditions: temperature of 28°C, potato dextrose agar(PDA) liquid medium of 80 mL and rotation speed of 150 rpm. The four isolated endophytic fungi did not produce astragalosides I–IV, flavonoids or polysaccharides. Isolation of additional species of endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus and determination of their capacity to produce biologically active substances are subjects in need of further research. 相似文献
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植物体内普遍存在内生真菌,它们可以产生与宿主相同或相似的生理活性物质。通过微生物发酵产生生理活性物质可以为解决能源短缺和寻找替代能源开辟一条新途径。作者初步探讨了分离和纯化高产菌株以及对其发酵代谢产物的结构鉴定的方法。采用溶剂提取法、薄层色谱法和柱色普法,对从东北红豆杉(T.cuspidataSieb.etZucc.)上分离筛选出的高产紫杉烷类物质紫杉链格孢(Alternariaalternatavar.taxi1011Y.XiangetLUAn-guo)1011菌株的发酵产物进行分离纯化,提取了一个化合物Ⅰ。经紫外扫描、红外扫描、质谱、核磁共振等方法鉴定,确定该化合物为紫杉烷类二萜Ⅲ型化合物。图1表2参12。 相似文献
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XIANGYong LIUJun LUAn-guo CUlJing-xia 《林业研究》2003,14(3):217-220
Endophytic fungi are widely found in almost all kinds of plants. Many endophytic fungi can produce some physio-logical active compounds, which are same to or analog to those isolated from their hosts. Producing physiological active compounds through microbial fermentation can give a new way to resolve resource limitation and to find out alternative source.Through the methods of organic solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography, compound I was isolated, purified from the liquid fermentation metabolites of the taxoids-produced endophytic fungi (Altemaria. altemata var.taxi 1011 Y. Xiang et LU An-guo) that was screened from the bark of Taxus. cuspidata Sieb.et Zucc.. Compound I was identified as one kind of taxoids type Ⅲ, based on the analyzing results by using the methods of ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). This study provides a completed method for separation and purification of the endophytic fungi as well as structure identification of its fermentation metabolite 相似文献
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Over the years, the biological activities of seaweeds could have gained a considerable research interest because of their specific functional compounds, which may not be available in land plants. Thus, efforts at discovery of novel metabolites from seaweeds over the past years have yielded a considerable amount of new active compounds. In addition, studies about the extraction of active compounds from natural products have attracted special attention in the last recent years. Potent biologically active compounds of seaweeds have been demonstrated to play a significant role in prevention of certain degenerative diseases such as cancer, inflammation, arthritis, diabetes and hypertension. Therefore, seaweed derived active components, whose immense biochemical diversity looks like to become a rich source of novel chemical entities for the use as functional ingredients in many industrial applications such as functional foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Thus, the interest in the extraction of active compounds from seaweeds is obvious. However, the physical and chemical barriers of the plant material become the key drawbacks of such extraction process. Therefore, enhanced release and recovery of active compounds attached to the cells have been addressed. Taken together, the aim of this communication is to discuss the potential use of enzyme treatment as a tool to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from seaweeds. 相似文献
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红脂大小蠹伴生菌研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
红脂大小蠹是我国重要的外来入侵害虫,给我国林业生产和国土生态安全带来巨大危害.包括红脂大小蠹在内的小蠹科昆虫与真菌之间存在着广泛的共生关系,伴生菌在协助昆虫建立种群、协同克服寄主抗性等方面起到重要作用.对北美原发地红脂大小蠹伴生菌的研究进行综述,以期探讨引起灾害发生的多重因素,并为灾害的控制提供思路.红脂大小蠹记载与10种长喙壳类真菌伴生,其中黑脂小蠹细帚霉、长梗细帚霉、温菲尔德细帚霉和瓦格纳长喙壳等与红脂大小蠹有着较为紧密的共生关系.对这些主要伴生菌的形态特征、系统发育关系、生活习性和致病性进行详细比较.应当警惕这些重要森林病原物对我国森林生态系统的入侵和危害.并对今后包括红脂大小蠹伴生菌在内的我国小蠹虫伴生菌的研究进行讨论. 相似文献
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The majority of bioactive principles in a complex matrix such as natural products and botanical medicines are secondary rather than primary metabolites. In addition to being chemically diverse, the bioactivity of an ethnobotanical can comprise from one to several bioactive compounds, present in a complex mixture. Conventional discovery efforts utilize bioassay-guided fractionation (BGF) to isolate individual active compounds. When applied to complex natural products, BGF is often challenged by an apparent loss of activity during fractionation, resulting in weakly active isolated compounds. Metabolomic analysis can potentially complement existing the BGF paradigm by capturing the chemical complexity of the metabolites. The proposed biochemometric approach establishes a link between the chemistry of a secondary metabolome and a deserved health impact, using a high-throughput, high-resolution capable biological endpoint. The proof of principle is demonstrated for the anti-tuberculosis (TB) activity of the Alaskan ethnobotanical, Oplopanax horridus. Biochemometric analysis identified the 100 most active constituents from thousands of metabolites in the active extract by means of 2D orthogonal chromatography using countercurrent and GC-MS methods. Previously isolated O. horridus phytoconstituents were used as reference markers of known structure and bio (in)activity. Positive correlations allowed distinction of anti-TB actives from inactive compounds. A total of 29 bioactives from 3 main structural classes were assigned based on MS data. Biochemometric analysis is a new tool for the standardization of herbal medicines and ethnobotanicals, as well as for drug discovery from nature. The method can assign multiple active compounds in complex mixtures without their prior isolation or structure elucidation, while still providing an interface to structural information. 相似文献