共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
将兔疥螨幼虫置于聚苯乙烯小平皿中，分别加入不同浓度的印楝油液体名蜡溶液，以天然除虫菊酯和阿维菌素为阳性对照，蒸馏水和液体石蜡为阴性对照，观察记录不同时间段的螨虫死亡数，以死亡率、半数致死时间（LT50）和半数致死浓度（LC50）为指标评价了印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫的离体杀螨活性。结果显示，未稀释的印楝油能在25min内杀死所有幼螨，其杀螨活性显著强于500g／L的天然除虫菊酯（825min，P〈0．01），而与25g／L的阿维菌素无显著差异（19min，P〉0．05）；500、250和125mL／L印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫的LT50分别为1、2、5h；24h的LC50和LC95分别为2．908和12．018mL／L。结果证实，印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫具有较好的离体杀螨活性。 相似文献
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印楝油氯仿提取物杀螨活性成分的分离纯化及其生物学活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将印楝油氯仿提取物经硅胶柱层析和丙酮重结晶进行生物活性跟踪分离纯化,并运用互补重对数模型(CCL模型)分析活性化合物的离体生物活性,求出半数致死浓度(LC50)和半数致死时间(LT50).结果显示,从印楝油氯仿提取物中分离出一种白色雪花状丙酮结晶物,熔点为60～61℃,经结构鉴定为18-碳酸-3,4-呋喃二酯,其对兔疥螨幼虫的杀螨活性呈时间浓度依赖性,24 h的LC50和LC90分别为0.0818和9.842 4 g/L,7.500 g/L时的LT50和LT90分剐为15.332 4 h和24.678 4 h.这表明印楝油氯仿提取物的杀螨活性成分主要为酯类物质,对兔疥螨具有较强的杀螨活性. 相似文献
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采用浸杀方式分别比较了印楝油石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯溶剂提取物的杀螨活性,并测定了活性和得率高的溶剂提取物对兔疥螨幼虫的离体毒力,应用互补重对数模型对毒力测定数据进行分析。结果表明:印楝油石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯溶剂提取物的得率分别为56.82%、25.36%和5.14%。印楝油石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯溶剂提取物都具有一定杀螨活性,其中石油醚提取物活性最高,氯仿和乙酸乙酯提取物活性相近。石油醚提取物和氯仿提取物对幼螨的毒力表现为:24 h半数致死浓度(median lethal concentration,LC50)分别为1.347 7,3.917 4μL/mL,500μL/mL的半数致死时间(median lethal time,LT50)为8.404 0 h和9.643 4 h。 相似文献
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为筛选防治石榴蓟马的高效、低毒和无污染的生物杀虫剂，采用浸渍法测定了4种生物杀虫剂对石榴蓟马不同虫态的毒力效应。结果表明：4种生物杀虫剂对两种石榴蓟马的毒力依次为：乙基多杀菌素>印楝素>苦参碱>除虫菊素。乙基多杀菌素对黄胸蓟马3龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别为8.550 mg/L和12.078 mg/L。对西花蓟马3龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别13.647 mg/L和20.185 mg/L。印楝素和苦参碱亚致死浓度均可引起两种石榴蓟马的化蛹率和羽化率显著下降（P<0.05）。表明乙基多杀菌素、印楝素和苦参碱均能对两种石榴蓟马种群有较好的抑制作用。 相似文献
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通过结肠小袋纤毛虫对甲硝唑、氟苯尼考和血虫净（三氮咪）的急性毒性试验,以机率单位法获得半数致死浓度（LC50）,结果显示：甲硝唑、氟苯尼考对结肠小袋纤毛虫2h的半数致死浓度（LC50,2h）分别是457．8mg／L,1705mg／L,12h的半数致死浓度（LC50,12h）分别是25．64mg／L、973．8mg／L。血虫净（三氮咪）12h和24h半数致死浓度（LC50）分别是331．8mg／L、295．4mg／L。甲硝唑是杀灭结肠小袋纤毛虫的理想药物。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2015,(1)
为筛选对朱砂叶螨等桑树害螨具有高效杀灭活性,且对家蚕安全的杀螨农药,采用玻片浸渍法测定苯丁锡、溴虫腈、丁醚脲、炔螨特等14种杀螨农药对朱砂叶螨的室内毒力,并以食下毒叶法检测对家蚕3龄起蚕的急性毒性。溴虫腈、哒螨灵、苯丁锡、丁醚脲、螺螨酯和炔螨特6种农药表现出较强的杀螨活性,对雌成螨处理后24 h的LC50分别为8.80、17.69、93.26、154.67、428.65和435.38 mg/L。14种杀螨农药分别给3龄起蚕经口添食后24 h的毒性:苯丁锡的LC50为1 823.38 mg/L,安全性系数为19.55,属于低毒级;吡蚜酮、溴虫腈、丁醚脲、异丙威、噻虫嗪、炔螨特的LC50分别为171.66、118.66、81.46、47.57、46.31和46.02 mg/L,安全性系数分别为0.16、13.48、0.53、0.03、0.03和0.11,属于中毒级。综合杀螨活性和对家蚕的急性毒性的室内试验结果,初步认为可选择苯丁锡、溴虫腈、炔螨特和丁醚脲作为桑树专用杀螨农药,并且可轮换使用以延缓害螨的抗药性发展。 相似文献
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Nong X Fang CL Wang JH Gu XB Yang DY Liu TF Fu Y Zhang RH Zheng WP Peng XR Wang SX Yang GY 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(1-2):345-349
The possible acaricidal activity of Eupatorium adenophorum was analyzed using extracts created by water decocting, ethanol thermal circumfluence, and steam distillation. The toxic effect of each extract was tested against Psoroptes cuniculi and Sarcoptes scabiei in vitro. Ethanol thermal circumfluence extract had strong toxicity against mites, killing all S. scabiei at 0.5 and 1.0 g/ml (w/v) concentration, while 1g/ml extract was also found to kill all P. cuniculi within a 4-h period. Similarly, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/ml concentration of extract had strong toxicity against S. scabiei, with median lethal time (LT(50)) values at 0.866, 0.785 and 0.517 h, respectively. 0.5 g/ml and 1g/ml showed strong acaricidal action against P. cuniculi; the LT(50) values were 0.93 h and 1.29 h, respectively. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) values were 0.22 g/ml for Scabies mite and 0.64 g/ml for P. cuniculi in 1h. The results indicated that E. adenophorum contains potent acaricidal ingredients; as a first step in the potential development of novel drugs, it may provide new acaricidal compounds for the effective control of animal acariasis. 相似文献
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Du YH Jia RY Yin ZQ Pu ZH Chen J Yang F Zhang YQ Lu Y 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,157(1-2):144-148
The acaricidal activity of the petroleum ether extract, the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae was tested in vitro. A complementary log-log (CLL) model was used to analyze the data of the toxicity tests. The results showed that at all test time points, the petroleum ether extract demonstrated the highest activity against the larvae of S. scabiei var. cuniculi, while the activities of the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract were similar. The activities of both the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract against the larvae showed the relation of time and concentration dependent. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of the petroleum ether extract (1.3muL/mL) was about three times that of the chloroform extract (4.1muL/mL) at 24h post-treatment. At the concentrations of 500.0muL/mL, the median lethal time (LT(50)) of the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract was 8.4 and 9.6h, respectively. 相似文献
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建立了苦参注射液中苦参碱含量的HPLC检测法。色谱柱为waters C18（4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm）,0.02 mol/L乙酸铵缓冲溶液（含500μL/L三乙胺）-甲醇-乙腈（70∶10∶20）为流动相,检测波长210 nm,流速1 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。苦参碱进样浓度在4.0～200.0μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）;样品平均回收率为100.1%（n=9）,RSD为1.1%。本方法简便、准确度高、重复性好,可用于苦参注射液中苦参碱的质量控制。 相似文献
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Fernández-Salas A Alonso-Díaz MA Acosta-Rodríguez R Torres-Acosta JF Sandoval-Castro CA Rodríguez-Vivas RI 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(1-2):113-118
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal effects of lyophilized extracts of four tannin rich plants (Acacia pennatula, Piscidia piscipula, Leucaena leucocephala and Lysiloma latisiliquum) against diverse stages of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, and to asses whether tannins were involved in the acaricidal effect using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to block tannins. Larval immersion (LIT) and adult immersion (AIT) tests were used to evaluate the acaricidal effect of each of the lyophilized extracts against larval and adult stages of R. microplus respectively. Larvae and adult ticks were exposed to increasing concentrations of each plant extract (0, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 and 19,200 μg ml(-1)) for 10 min. Larval mortality was recorded at 48 h post-incubation. Adult mortality was recorded daily over 14 days, at which point their reproductive efficiency was evaluated. PEG was added to the extracts to verify whether tannins were involved in the acaricidal effect. The effect on egg laying inhibition and larval mortality was analyzed using the GLM procedure in SAS. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the effect of PEG on LIT results. Calculation of the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) was performed using a probit analysis. All extracts reduced the viability of R. microplus larval stages (P<0.001), and viability was restored with the addition of PEG suggesting an important role of tannins in the acaricidal effect (P<0.001). The LC50 values of L. latisiliquum and P. piscipula plant extracts were 6.402 and 2.466 μg ml(-1). None of the tannin-rich plant extracts affected adult mortality (P>0.05). Lysiloma latisiliquum extract inhibited egg hatching of R. microplus (P<0.01). Tannin-rich plant extracts from A. pennatula, P. piscipula, L. leucocephala and L. latisiliquum showed potential acaricidal activity. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm this finding. 相似文献
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丹皮酚和厚朴酚体外抗菌作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为开发高效、安全的中草药抗菌促生长剂,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了丹皮酚和厚朴酚对13种临床常见病原菌的体外抑菌活性。结果：丹皮酚和厚朴酚对13种临床常见病原菌均有不同程度的抗菌作用,丹皮酚对嗜水气单胞杆菌的作用最好（MIC为160μg／ml）,对肠道革兰氏阴性杆菌（MIC为320μg／ml）作用稍好于厚朴酚（MIC为640μg／ml）;厚朴酚对葡萄球菌（MIC为160μg／ml）抑制作用强于丹皮酚（MIC为320μg／ml）。 相似文献
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为评价茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散的安全性,进行了茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散对小鼠的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验研究。采用改良Karber法测得茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散对小鼠的口服急性毒性LD50为（176.91±22.70）g/kg,95%可信限为156.60-202.00 g/kg,属低毒;采用经口灌胃法对小鼠连续给药7 d,7 d后对小鼠各项生理指标的测定结果表明,茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散在使用剂量范围内对小鼠的行为、体质量、饮食状况、生理和生化指标均无不良影响。在亚慢性毒性试验中,给药7 d后各给药组小鼠肾脏脏器系数与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）;各种酶指标与对照组亦无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。由此可知,茎直黄芪中药复方预防解毒散毒性极低,使用安全。 相似文献
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为提供苦豆子总碱制剂在奶牛疾病治疗方面的质量控制依据,特建立兽用苦豆子总碱注射液中槐定碱、苦参碱和槐果碱的含量测定方法。采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱为YMC-packed ODS-A柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为V1(乙腈)∶V2(0.05mol/LKH2PO3)∶V3(三乙胺)=8∶92∶0.18,检测波长220nm,流速1.0mL/min。在确定的色谱条件下,兽用苦豆子总碱注射液中的槐定碱、苦参碱和槐果碱可以被很好地分离,槐定碱、苦参碱、槐果碱分别在10.0～160.0μg/mL、5.0～80.0μg/mL、5.0～80.0μg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,r分别为0.9997、0.9992、0.9990,平均回收率分别为(n=5)99.54%、100.21%、99.99%,RSD分别为5.3%、1.9%、1.4%。结果表明,本法简便、准确,可用于兽用苦豆子总碱注射液中槐定碱、苦参碱、槐果碱的含量测定。 相似文献
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PEG胁迫对尖叶胡枝子幼苗SOD和POD同工酶的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究不同浓度PEG处理尖叶胡枝子幼苗叶片SOD和POD同工酶及酶活性的变化。结果表明,不同浓度PEG处理,SOD和POD同工酶谱带数目没有变化,无新酶带的出现或酶带的减少,分别为SOD1-4和POD1-3。由迁移率可以看出,尖叶胡枝子幼苗叶片在不同浓度PEG处理下,共有10种SOD同工酶基因表达和6种POD同工酶基因表达。SOD和POD酶活性在低浓度(5~10%)PEG处理下增加,高浓度(15%)的PEG处理下降低。 相似文献
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Silva WC Martins JR Cesio MV Azevedo JL Heinzen H de Barros NM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,179(1-3):189-194
Leaves of Palicourea marcgravii were extracted successively with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol in order to evaluate their acaricidal activity on larvae and adult stages of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest bioactivity of the tested extracts, which contained 0.12% monofluoroacetic acid. On engorged female, the ethyl acetate extract showed a lethal concentration 50% - LC(50)=30.08 mg ml(-1), inhibitory concentration 50% - IC(50)=5.79 mg ml(-1) and lethal time 50% - LT(50)=4.72 days; 100% reproduction was controlled at concentrations of 50 mg ml(-1) and on larvae the ethyl acetate extract showed a LC(50)=2.46 mg ml(-1). No alkaloids were detected in any of the extracts. This is the first report on the acaricidal activity of P. marcgravii extracts against R. microplus as well as the acaricidal properties of a plant species containing monofluoroacetic acid. 相似文献