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本试验通过研究不同妊娠期母羊在舍饲条件下养分摄入量与血清生化指标的动态变化,为舍饲山羊日粮的合理配制和健康状态分析提供依据。随机选择空怀期、妊娠前期和妊娠后期健康母山羊各10只,测定其采食量;随机选择空怀期,妊娠1、2、3、4月及临产健康母羊各8只,以及临产病母羊6只,测定其7项血清生化指标。结果表明:①与NRC(2007)山羊营养需要量相比,空怀期和妊娠前期母羊对干物质、代谢能和粗蛋白质的摄入量高于需要量,但妊娠后期母羊相应的摄入量低于需要量;各阶段母羊对钙和磷的摄入量均远高于需要量;②从空怀、妊娠到临产,母羊的血清葡萄糖含量逐渐下降(3.44至2.57 mmol/L),血清酮体含量逐渐升高(14.93~23.55 μg/mL),而临产病母羊的血清葡萄糖含量显著降至0.85 mmol/L(P<0.05),血清酮体含量显著升至42.98 μg/mL (P<0.05);血清总蛋白含量呈下降趋势(70.55至59.94 g/L),但血清白蛋白含量(33.55至32.61 g/L)变化不大,临产病母羊血清总蛋白(56.79 g/L)和白蛋白(29.72 g/L)含量进一步降低;血清钙(2.21至2.19 mmol/L)和磷(2.62至2.25 mmol/L)含量变化不大,而临产病母羊的血清钙(1.80 mmol/L)含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清磷含量下降至2.17 mmol/L;血清碱性磷酸酶活性呈下降趋势(258.57至104.35 U/L),但临产病母羊的血清碱性磷酸酶活性突然升高至180.53 U/L。综上所述,妊娠后期母羊能量摄入不足,是导致妊娠母羊血清葡萄糖等逐渐降低、酮体逐渐升高的根本原因,临产病母羊诊断为妊娠毒血症,建议调整母羊日粮结构,分阶段饲喂,增加妊娠后期母羊能量摄入量。 相似文献
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杨磊赵启南李长青郭天龙刘云龙王利张海鹰王超 《饲料研究》2023,(14):5-10
试验旨在探究不同能量水平日粮对舍饲戈壁短尾羊妊娠母羊生长性能、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物区系的影响。选取60只月龄、体况、体重（43.64±2.19） kg的健康妊娠期戈壁短尾羊,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只羊。各组母羊分别饲喂不同能量水平日粮,对照组日粮代谢能为7.98 MJ/kg,试验1组日粮代谢能为6.37 MJ/kg,试验2组日粮代谢能为4.77 MJ/kg。预试期15 d,正式试验期45 d。结果显示,试验2组母羊末重及平均日增重极显著低于其他两组（P<0.01）。试验1组和试验2组母羊血清中白蛋白（ALB）含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,尿素氮（BUN）含量极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,试验2组母羊血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。试验1组和试验2组母羊瘤胃氨态氮含量极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。试验1组与试验2组母羊瘤胃拟杆菌门、疣微菌门和理研菌属相对丰度极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,丹毒丝菌属UCG-002相对丰度极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,厚壁菌门和普雷... 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(13)
试验旨在研究补饲日粮不同精粗比添加量对妊娠后期藏母羊生产性能及血清生化指标的影响,以确定母羊补饲日粮适宜精粗比。试验采用单因素完全随机区组设计,将900只体况良好,体重、胎次和配种时间接近的妊娠后期105 d藏母羊,随机分为3个处理,每个处理300只羊。分别饲喂3种不同精粗比(精料补充料麦青干草=46,55,64)的妊娠后期藏母羊补饲日粮,试验期45 d。结果表明:1随着精粗比例的提高,母羊分娩后失重越小,母羊的产羔率和羔羊的初生重也随之提高,羔羊的初生重Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组差异不显著(P0.05),但都极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),饲喂精粗比为55和64的补饲日粮,母羊的生产性能较好;2随着精粗比例的提高,三组血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)的含量差异不显著,Ⅱ组含量最高,只有血糖(GLU)含量随之升高,但Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组差异不显著(P0.05),饲喂精粗比为55补饲日粮,母羊的血清营养物质含量较高;3饲喂精粗比为55补饲日粮,经济效益最好。在本试验条件下,妊娠后期母羊补饲日粮的适宜精粗比(精料补充料和燕麦青干草日补饲量分别为75 g/只,DE和NDF水平分别为1.37 MJ和50.42 g)为55,45 d补饲成本为15.86元/只。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮蛋白水平对藏母羊妊娠期乳腺发育相关生殖激素及初生羔羊肌肉组织形态的影响,为藏母羊妊娠期日粮合理配制提供依据。4组母羊妊娠前期(0～85 d)放牧饲养;妊娠后期(86～150 d)舍饲饲养,分别饲喂能量相同而蛋白水平依次为7.5%、9.5%、11.5%和13.5%的日粮。结果表明,试验条件下,藏母羊血清中黄体酮、催乳素、生长激素、促黄体素、促卵泡激素含量均11.5%蛋白组最高;初生羔羊肌纤维的直径和面积随着母羊妊娠后期日粮蛋白水平的增高而增加,肌纤维密度随蛋白水平的增高而减小。 相似文献
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舍饲滩羊生长发育规律的研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2015,36(10):20-20
研究了不同生长阶段舍饲滩羊生长发育规律。结果表明,羔羊哺乳期体重增长速度较快,公羔在断奶之前生长速度与母羔相近;羔羊断奶期之后体重增长变缓;9月龄之后,公羊生长速度显著高于母羊;成年时公羊体重可达58 kg,母羊体重达42 kg。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加铬对妊娠后期母羊繁殖性能及其子代羔羊生长发育的影响。选用胎次(2胎)相同、体重[(52.36±8.24) kg]相近的处于妊娠(90±4) d的乐至黑山羊母羊40只,预饲7 d后,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只羊,单栏单饲。4组母羊分别饲喂在基础饲粮(铬含量为0.39 mg/kg DM)中添加0(对照)、0.4、1.2和2.0 mg/kg DM铬(铬源于丙酸铬)的试验饲粮。待母羊产仔后,调整羔羊数量使每只母羊所带羔羊数相等,进行母乳饲养至羔羊21日龄,试验期共81 d。结果显示:1)在妊娠后期母羊饲粮中添加不同水平的铬对妊娠后期和产后1～21 d母羊的干物质采食量(DMI)以及子代羔羊的生长性能均没有显著影响(P0.05)。2)在妊娠后期母羊饲粮中添加不同水平的铬对妊娠120 d母羊血清促黄体素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)含量没有显著影响(P0.05),但是可以线性提高妊娠120 d母羊血清孕酮(P4)含量(P=0.016 2),且血清促卵泡素(FSH)含量随铬添加水平的升高呈现先升高再降低的二次曲线变化趋势(P=0.050 4),在铬添加水平为0.4 mg/kg DM时有最大值。3)在妊娠后期母羊饲粮中添加不同水平的铬可以线性提高21日龄子代羔羊的肾脏指数(P=0.011 4)和瘤胃指数(P=0.024 8),且胸腺指数(P=0.014 0)随着铬添加水平的升高呈现先升高再降低的二次曲线变化,并在铬添加水平为1.2 mg/kg DM时有最大值。综合以上结果可知,在饲粮中添加铬可以在一定程度上提高妊娠后期母羊血清繁殖相关激素含量,并且可提高21日龄子代羔羊肾脏、胸腺和瘤胃指数。 相似文献
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Crossbred gilts were used in a two-parity experiment to measure the effect on reproductive performance of feeding every third day during gestation.Diets were formulated with maize and soybean meal to 12% and 16% crude protein for gestation and lactation, respectively. Experimental feeding regimens were imposed from an average day 30 to an average day 109 of gestation. During this period, the gravid gilts or sows housed in confinement were fed either 1.9 kg of the gestation diet daily or permitted ad libitum access to the diet for 1 day in each 3-day period. The lactation diet was provided ad libitum from farrowing until weaning at 28 days post partum. From weaning until the dietary treatments were reimposed about 30 days post-coitus, the females were fed 1.9 kg of the gestation diet per day.First-parity females fed ad libitum every third day consumed an average of 0.4 kg more feed per day than did those restricted to 1.9 kg of diet per day. There was no effect of feeding regimen on gestation weight gain or any criteria of reproductive performance, e.g. litter size or weaning weights of piglets. During the second parity, sows allowed to eat ad libitum every third day gained significantly more weight during gestation than those fed daily, reflecting an average daily feed intake that was 1.2 kg greater than that of the control animals fed 1.9 kg day?1. Second parity reproductive performance was not affected by treatment. Backfat thickness measured at the point of the shoulder and at the last rib on day 30 and day 109 of gestation and at weaning increased during gestation and decreased during lactation regardless of feeding regimen or parity.Feeding gravid pigs every third day did not adversely affect reproductive performance; however, average daily feed intake was increased. Although the sows seemed to adapt quickly to a three-day feeding schedule, welfare aspects need to be investigated further. 相似文献
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van der Peet-Schwering CM Kemp B Binnendijk GP den Hartog LA Spoolder HA Verstegen MW 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(9):2247-2258
The effect of feeding sows a starch diet or a diet with a high level of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) during gestation, lactation, or both gestation and lactation during the first three parities on reproductive performance, body weight, and backfat was studied. Four-hundred and forty-four postpuberal gilts were allotted to a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment. Treatments were diet composition during gestation (including the weaning-to-estrus interval; G-Starch: 274 g/kg of starch and 123 g/kg of fermentable NSP or G-NSP: 86 g/kg of starch and 300 g/kg of fermentable NSP), diet composition during lactation (L-Starch: 293 g/kg of starch and 113 g/kg of fermentable NSP or L-NSP: 189 g/kg of starch and 216 g/kg of fermentable NSP) and group-housing system during gestation (free access stalls or electronic feeding). Both gestation diets were formulated to be isoenergetic. During lactation, sows were given free access to the lactation diets from d 6 after parturition onwards. Body weight and backfat gains during gestation were lower in sows fed the G-NSP diet than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.001). The effects were more pronounced in the electronic feeding system than in the free access stalls. These results indicate an overestimation of the energy value of fermentable NSP. Body weight and backfat losses during lactation were less in sows fed the G-NSP diet during gestation than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.05),which can be explained by a 0.4 kg/d higher (P < 0.001) feed intake during lactation of the sows fed the G-NSP diet. Sows fed the L-NSP diet lost more backfat during lactation than sows fed the L-starch diet (P < 0.05). The number of total piglets born and live-born piglets was 0.5 piglet higher in sows fed the G-NSP diet than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.05). Lactation diet did not affect the number of total piglets born or live-born piglets. This study shows that, although high NSP diets negatively influence body weight and backfat thickness of the sows, it is possible to feed sows a diet with a high level of fermentable NSP diet during both gestation and lactation without negative effects on reproductive performance. Under the conditions of this study, feeding sows a diet with a high level of fermentable NSP during gestation and a high level of starch during lactation seems the most favorable feeding strategy. 相似文献
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The late pregnancy is a critical period of fetal growth and development. As approximately 80% of fetal body weight is obtained during late gestation, so that the amount of energy needed for the ewes at this period is much greater than the other periods. Now ewes with multiple fetuses are mutton sheep breeding cultivation objectives, however,under the grazing or confined feeding conditions where nutrient requirement can't satisfy the nutrient requirement of sheep, especially for pregnant ewes with twins or more lambs.The body glycogen and protein as well as body fat will be mobilized for energy needed for the fetal growth and reproduction, which would lead to bad influence on ewes (metabolic disorders, liver function damage, pregnancy toxemia, embryonic development and health) and also on lamb (weak lamb, dead lamb and health). Therefore, investigating the effects of dietary energy levels during late gestation on the ewe's health and growth performance of lambs are essential for the sustainability of livestock production systems. This review summarized the effect of different energy levels on the ewes' health, reproductive performance of the ewes, lactation performance, embryo development and the growth of lambs, then expounded the roles of energy in later gestation. When the dietary energy of ewes in late gestation are restricted, the weight, breast development, lactation capacity, pregnancy rate will all be decreased, and the growth rate and organ development of embryos and lamb will also be restricted. 相似文献
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G L Cromwell D D Hall G E Combs O M Hale D L Handlin J P Hitchcock D A Knabe E T Kornegay M D Lindemann C V Maxwell 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(2):374-385
Two experiments involving 1,020 litters were conducted at eight research stations to determine the effects of dietary NaCl (salt) concentration during gestation and lactation on reproductive performance of sows. Primiparous and multiparous sows were fed fortified corn- or grain sorghum-soybean meal diets at 1.82 kg/d during gestation. During the winter months (December, January, February) the feeding level was increased to 2.27 kg/d. Sows had ad libitum access to diets during lactation. Dietary concentrations of added salt were .50 and .25% in Exp. 1 and .25 and .125% in Exp. 2. When more feed was fed during gestation, the salt concentrations were reduced to .40, .20, .20 and .10%, respectively, in order to maintain a constant daily intake of Na and Cl during gestation. Gestation weight gain and lactation (21-d) weight loss of the sows were not affected by dietary salt level in either experiment. In Exp. 1, lowering the salt concentration did not influence the number of pigs farrowed, but it resulted in a .05 kg/pig reduction (P less than .01) in average birth weight. Average 21-d pig weights also tended (P less than .19) to be lower in the low-salt group. There was a decrease in litter size from the first to the second farrowing for sows fed low salt, but not for sows fed the higher salt concentration. In Exp. 2, reducing the salt content from .25 to .125% did not alter reproductive performance. The overall ratio of males to females at birth in the population of greater than 10(4) pigs was 52.3:47.7. Lower salt intakes tended to reduce the percentage of males born in both experiments, although the differences were not significant (P greater than .3). The results indicate that reducing the salt concentration in sows diets from .50 to .25 or .125% reduces birth weight in newborn pigs. When continued for more than one reproductive cycle, feeding less than .5% salt appears to reduce litter size at birth and weaning. 相似文献
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A 2-yr grazing performance study was conducted in Eastern Colorado to evaluate the effects of feeding raw cull beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) or canola meal, compared to sunflower meal, to beef cows grazing dormant, native winter range on body weight and body condition score (BCS) change, reproductive performance, and calf performance. Ninety-five pregnant, spring-calving crossbred cows (541 +/- 51 kg) in 1995 to 1996 and 65 cows (602 +/- 60 kg) in 1996 to 1997 were randomly assigned to one of five treatments (19 and 13 cows per treatment in 1995 to 1996 and 1996 to 1997, respectively): 1) unprocessed Great Northern beans to supply 182 g/d of CP (GNB); 2) canola meal to supply 182 g/d of CP (CM); 3) a mixture of Great Northern beans and sunflower meal, each to supply 91 g/d of CP, for a total of 182 g/d of CP (MIX); 4) sunflower meal to supply 182 g/d of CP (SFM+); and 5) sunflower meal to supply 91 g/d of CP (SFM-). Cow weight and body condition performance were broken into a gestation and a lactation phase in 1995 to 1996; calves were weighed at birth, at the end of the lactation phase in April, and at weaning the following September. Only gestation performance was monitored in 1996 to 1997, and subsequent calf birth and weaning weight were recorded. The SFM- group lost more weight during the gestation phase than other treatments (P < .05), yet no differences were detected for gestation phase daily BCS change, calf birth weight, lactation phase daily weight change, lactation phase daily BCS change, first-service conception rate to AI, or overall pregnancy rate. Off-test calf weight was higher in April for calves from dams of the SFM+ and CM treatments than for calves from dams on the GNB or SFM- treatments (P < .05), and calves from cows on the CM treatment were heavier in April than calves from cows on the MIX treatment (P < .05). No differences in calf weight were present at weaning. Consumption of beans by cows on the GNB treatment was low because of palatability problems. Mixing the beans with sunflower meal in the MIX treatment eliminated this problem. Canola meal, Great Northern beans, or a combination of sunflower meal and Great Northern beans were comparable to sunflower meal as protein supplements for beef cows grazing native winter range, despite obvious palatability problems with the beans. 相似文献
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能量对妊娠后期母羊健康及其羔羊的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
妊娠后期是胎儿生长发育的关键时期,胎儿体重增长的80%在此阶段完成,因此该阶段母羊的能量需要量大于其他生理阶段。高产多胎是肉用种母羊的重要培育目标,当母羊处于营养水平较低的草场或舍饲条件下,怀双羔或多羔母羊的日粮能量水平不能满足其营养需要时,母羊会动用体内的糖原、体蛋白和体脂以弥补能量不足,致使母羊的代谢紊乱,肝机能受损,产生羊妊娠毒血症,影响母羊的健康和胚胎的健康生长,产出弱羔、病羔,并可能影响产后羔羊的健康生长。因此,研究妊娠后期能量水平对母羊健康、胚胎发育、羔羊生长及肉羊养殖业的发展都有重要的指导意义。作者对不同能量水平对妊娠母羊的健康、繁殖性能、泌乳性能、胚胎与羔羊生长的影响展开讨论,阐明妊娠后期能量的作用。当母羊妊娠后期能量受到限制时,母羊的体重降低,乳腺发育受阻,泌乳能力下降,受胎率下降;同时胚胎的生长速度降低,影响胚胎与产后羔羊组织器官发育和正常生长。 相似文献
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Influence of different phosphorus levels and phytase supplementation in gestation diets on sow performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lyberg K Andersson HK Simonsson A Lindberg JE 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(7-8):304-311
A total of 104 sows of different parities were studied. They were fed four diets with different phosphorus (P) levels during gestation for two reproductive cycles, while the same diet was fed during lactation. The aim was to decrease the total P level in the diet during gestation and to evaluate the effect on sow performance. The gestation treatments were low P (LP-; 3.7 g P/kg feed), low P with phytase (LP+, Ronozyme P; 765 FTU/kg feed), medium P (MP; 4.5 g P/kg feed) and high P (HP; 6.0 g P/kg feed). Daily feed allowances were 2.6 kg during gestation and 9.2 kg during lactation. Number of born piglets and piglet mortality were higher (p < 0.05) in the LP treatments than in the MP and HP treatments. No difference (p > 0.05) in the numbers of live-born piglets, piglet birthweights, sow weights or piglet weight gains was found between the treatments. Phosphorus level in sow milk was the highest (p < 0.05) in the MP treatment, while no effects (p > 0.05) of treatment were found on milk Ca levels, P and Ca levels in serum of sows and piglets, nor on the analysed mineral, fat and protein contents of piglets. The estimated average requirement of P for the entire gestation period was 4.4-4.5 g/day. In conclusion, a reduction of dietary total P content during gestation did not result in negative effects on sow or piglet performance. This suggests that it should be possible to lower the dietary P content for gestating sows, compared with earlier recommendations, and thereby reduce the environmental P pollution. 相似文献
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The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary β-1,3–1,6-glucan supplementation on the reproductive performance and immunity of New Zealand White breeding does and their pups. Thirty pregnant multiparous New Zealand White does were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments; 0 (control), 0.064% β-1,3–1,6-glucan or 0.128% β-1,3–1,6-glucan dietary supplementation from day 14 of gestation to day 28 of lactation. The 0.128% dietary β-1,3–1,6-glucan supplementation caused reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake from day 14 to day 28 of gestation. The swelling response 24 and 48 h after injection of phytohemoagglutinin-P showed that does fed with 0.064% dietary β-1,3–1,6-glucan had lower (P < 0.05) swelling response than the control group. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations of does were significantly higher during pregnancy than during lactation. Compared to the controls, does fed with 0.128% β-1,3–1,6-glucan had reduced serum IgM concentrations at day 21 of gestation and day 3 of lactation. They had significantly reduced serum IgG at day 28 of gestation but increased serum IgG at day 3 of lactation. Serum IgM and IgG concentrations in supplemented does were higher (P < 0.05) than controls at day 28 of lactation. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets were lowest at day 28 of gestation. There were no treatment effects on the three types of lymphocytes. Subsets of CD4+ in the weanling pups were higher (P < 0.05) for the 0.064% β-1,3–1,6-glucan supplementation group than the other two groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of β-1,3–1,6-glucan reduced feed intake during the first 14 days but had no adverse effects on the reproductive performance and body weight of does. Dietary supplementation with 0.064% β-1,3–1,6-glucan significantly inhibited delayed-type immune reaction of Th1 and significantly reduced serum IgG concentration of does at the late gestation stage but increased serum IgM and IgG concentrations at the late lactation stage. 相似文献
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为探究荒漠草原放牧与舍饲对滩羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,本研究将39只3月龄滩羊公羔分为荒漠草原放牧组(GZ)、限时放牧4 h补饲组(TG)和舍饲组(SF)3组,测定滩羊的屠宰性能与肉品质指标。结果显示:SF组滩羊的宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率和肉骨比显著优于TG组,TG组滩羊除肉骨比和净肉率外,显著优于GZ组(P<0.05);3种饲养模式滩羊的肉色、pH、剪切力、滴水损失指标差异不显著(P>0.05),但SF组的蒸煮损失显著低于GZ组与TG组(P<0.05);TG组与GZ组滩羊肌肉中的多不饱和脂肪酸C18?3n3,C20?5n3,C22?6n3,C18?2n6,C20?3n6,C20?4n6等含量显著高于SF组(P<0.05),且n-6/n-3脂肪酸比例显著低于SF组(P<0.05)。综上表明,荒漠草原放牧会提高滩羊肌肉中的不饱和脂肪酸含量,但会提高滩羊肌肉的蒸煮损失,降低滩羊的屠宰性能,而限时放牧补饲可以较大程度保留滩羊肌肉脂肪酸组成,同时提高滩羊的屠宰性能。 相似文献