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麇鹿肾上腺的组织学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
取麋鹿肾上腺，常规石蜡切片，HE染色组织学观察。结果表明，肾上腺的组织结构分为被膜、皮质和髓质。被膜由不规则致密结缔组织构成，其内分布有类似未分化细胞。皮质最厚，明显分为3个带，即球状带、束状带，网状带。其中，束状带最厚，占皮质的绝大部分。髓质位于肾上腺中央部位，细胞排列成索。髓质中央有一大的静脉，称中央静脉。 相似文献
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驯鹿肾上腺组织学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
驯鹿肾上腺的组织结构分为被膜、皮质和髓质。被膜下分布有类似未分化细胞。皮质最厚,明显分为3个带,其中,球状带占皮质厚的3．5％,束状带厚占皮质的93．4％,网状带占皮质厚的3．1％,各带均见少量体积略小、着色深的细胞。髓质分为内、外区,外区细胞呈高柱状,双行排列成索状者多见。 相似文献
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核黄素对受冷大鼠肾上腺组织及有关激素的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠仔鼠（１日龄）为样本，在低温（１０±２）℃下饲养并补充核黄素至６０日龄，之后在（２±２）℃下冷暴露７２ｈ后采血并摘取肾上腺，观察了某些血清激素水平和肾上腺组织结构的变化。结果：（１）各试验组与在（２０±２）℃下饲养的适温对照组比较，肾上腺皮质球状带、束状带、网状带分界明显；球状带细胞排列不规则，细胞体积小，数量少，核淡染；束状带细胞呈网状排列，细胞呈多边形，核大淡染，胞质内含有多量的脂滴，反映细胞功能活跃；网状带细胞内脂滴少，脂褐素较多。肾上腺髓质细胞索排列不规则，细胞数量多，核大淡染，胞浆色深。（２）各试验组血清皮质醇、Ｔ３、Ｔ４水平较在（１０±２）℃下饲养的低温对照组低，生长激素较低温对照组高，胰岛素水平较两对照组高。结果表明，补充核黄素对大鼠肾上腺组织结构及血清激素有明显影响，提示补充核黄素可以增强机体的冷适应。 相似文献
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:用组织学、组织化学和电镜技术对 3 5例双峰驼肾上腺的组织学和细胞超微结构作了研究。结果表明 ,双峰驼肾上腺的主要组织结构特点为 :( 1 )被膜厚而致密 ,其纤维束常伸入球状区并将此区实质分隔成大小不等的细胞团 ;( 2 )束状区中可见由纤维组织和球状区细胞构成的圆团状结构 ,有时也见髓质细胞团分布 ;( 3 )网状区细胞着色均匀 ,因此不像其他动物的那样分为明细胞和暗细胞 ,此区与髓质界限不清 ,其中有较多孤立存在的髓质细胞团 ;( 4)髓质细胞分亮细胞和暗细胞 2类 ,但其分布与人和其他动物的完全不同 ,髓质因此也不能被分为内区和外区 ;更特别的是在髓质中有较多大小不一的皮质小体 ,其中心为一束纤维和血管 ,向外依次由皮质各层细胞环绕。 相似文献
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[目的]研究亚慢性砷中毒对大鼠睾丸组织AQP-8及survivin蛋白表达的影响。[方法]将40只健康成年清洁级SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组以及低、中、高剂量砷染毒组,每组10只;采用自由饮水方式染毒,低、中、高剂量染毒组饮水中亚砷酸钠浓度分别为2.4、12.0、60.0 mg/L,连续染毒15周,对照组饮用蒸馏水;染毒试验结束后,对各组大鼠进行精子计数,计算精子存活率;制备睾丸组织切片进行病理学观察;利用免疫组化及Western blotting法测定大鼠睾丸组织中AQP-8及survivin蛋白的表达水平。[结果]与对照组相比,中、高剂量染毒组大鼠精子计数与精子存活率均降低,且差异显著（P<0.05）。低剂量染毒组大鼠生精小管无明显变化;中剂量染毒组大鼠生精上皮层数减少,小管间隙增宽;高剂量染毒组大鼠部分生精小管出现基膜溶解,生精上皮细胞层次紊乱,细胞间隙增大,间质出现水肿、渗出。免疫组化分析结果显示,AQP-8蛋白主要表达于各级生精细胞的细胞膜和精子细胞,与对照组相比,各剂量染毒组大鼠睾丸组织中AQP-8阳性细胞平均光密度值显著（P<0.05）升高;survivin蛋白... 相似文献
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选用96只(28±2)日龄实验用清洁级SD大鼠,随机分为6组(对照组,试验Ⅰ～Ⅴ组),每组16只,雌雄各半,分别饮用添加0、40、80、160、320、640mg/L硼的饮水2个月。试验结束时,10%水合氯醛腹腔麻醉,立即解剖取舌体和胃壁,制作石蜡切片,光镜观察各组大鼠舌和胃黏膜组织结构变化并摄影。结果显示,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组大鼠舌和胃黏膜组织结构发育良好,舌黏膜丝状乳头明显增高、增粗,菌状乳头增宽,味蕾体积增大,结构完好;胃底腺体部壁细胞数量增多、排列紧密。试验Ⅲ～Ⅴ组大鼠舌和胃黏膜组织结构受到不同程度损伤,其中试验Ⅴ组的病理组织学变化最为严重,光镜下其舌黏膜丝状乳头数量减少,顶部多溶解消失,菌状乳头狭窄,味蕾萎缩,味蕾细胞数量稀少、结构模糊;胃黏膜受损严重,有的大鼠胃黏膜无腺部的复层扁平上皮出现增生现象,有的大鼠贲门腺区黏膜的单层柱状上皮化生为复层上皮;胃底腺区黏膜上皮细胞变性、坏死、甚至脱落,胃小凹结构消失,胃底腺萎缩,腺腔扩张且不规则,壁细胞和主细胞明显萎缩,胞核固缩,细胞和胞核体积大小不一。结果表明,饮水适量添加硼对大鼠舌和胃黏膜的组织结构与功能有较明显的促进与改善作用;添加高剂量硼,则有不同程度的损伤,甚至表现出明显的毒性作用。 相似文献
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S. Vukovi&#; H. Luci&#; A. &#;ivkovi&#; M. &#;uras Gomer&#;i&#; T. Gomer&#;i&#; A. Galov 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2010,39(1):59-66
The structure of the adrenal gland was studied in 11 bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ), and five striped dolphins ( Stenella coeruleoalba ). These species are legally protected in Croatia. All examined animals died of natural causes and were found stranded along eastern Adriatic coast. In both species the adrenal gland consists of a cortex and a medulla; the cortex is divided into three zones. Whereas in the bottlenose dolphin, there is a zona arcuata which contains columnar cells arranged in the form of arches; in the striped dolphin this zone is replaced by zona glomerulosa containing rounded clusters of polygonal cells. In both species, the zona fasciculata consists of radially oriented cords of polygonal cells, whereas in zona reticularis cells are arranged in branching and anastomosing cords. The adrenal medulla in both species contains dark, epinephrine-secreting cells and light norepinephrine-secreting cells. Epinephrine-secreting cells are localized in the outer part of the medulla, whereas norepinephrine-secreting cells are found in the inner part, arranged in clusters and surrounded by septa of thin connective tissue. The gland is surrounded by a thick connective-tissue capsule, from where thick trabeculae extend towards the interior. In the bottlenose dolphin, group of cells resembling both medullar and cortical cells can be seen within the capsule; whereas only groups of cells resembling cortical cells are found within the capsule of the striped dolphin. In the bottlenose dolphin invagination of the adrenal cortex into the medulla is obvious as well as medullary protrusions extending through cortex to the connective tissue capsule. 相似文献
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应用光镜和透射电镜观察，恒河猴肾上腺皮质可分为球状带、束状带和网状带。其特点是：（1）被膜较发达，有时可伸入球状带将其细胞分隔为团块。（2）球状带有时呈指状指入束状带和网状带，其内可见嗜铬细胞；球状带细胞可分为明、暗2种类型，他们排列成团球状、滤泡状、索状和不规则形。（3）网状带较发达，有的可分为内、外2个区；有时网状带呈刺状伸入束状带；有时网状带细胞可见于被膜下或髓质内。（4）有时部分被膜连同皮质一起呈指状伸入髓质内。（5）皮质细胞均含丰富的溶酶体、线粒体和内质网，但不同部位的细胞所含的脂滴在数量、大小、形态和电子密度等方面存在差异。 相似文献
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El-Nahla SM Imam HM Moussa EA Elsayed AK Abbott LC 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2011,40(3):169-186
With 14 figures and 3 tables SUMMARY: Each adrenal gland consisted of cortex and medulla that developed from different embryological origins and presented different cellular organization. One hundred male or female camel embryos or fetuses with crown vertebral rump lengths (CVRL) that ranged from 0.8 to 117 cm were examined. The adrenal cortex, which is derived from intermediate mesoderm, was first observed in the 0.8-cm CVRL camel embryo. The adrenal cortex initially was combined with the gonad as a thickened region of proliferating cells derived from splanchnic intermediate mesoderm. Adrenocortical tissue was first separated from the gonadal tissue in the 2-cm CVRL camel fetus and was observed as a separate dorso-medial mass of cells. At 2.5-cm CVRL, the adrenocortical tissue was surrounded by a capsule of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, except at its proximal pole, where an invagination was located through which chromaffinoblast cells entered the cortex. The chromaffinoblast cells migrated from the neural crest to form the medulla of the developing adrenal gland. In the 3.5-cm CVRL camel fetus, the adrenocortical cells differentiated into two layers: the inner fetal cortex and the outer definitive cortex. As development proceeded, the fetal cortex degenerated and the definitive cortex formed the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata. The zona reticularis did not form until the end of gestation. During prenatal life, the adrenal medulla was much thicker than the cortex. 相似文献
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Adrenal glands of adult and young male mink were examined for a period of twelve months from July, 1970 and the seasonal variations in the relative widths of the cortex and medulla were investigated using histometric procedures. The medulla to cortex ratio in adult mink was noted to be increased during the months immediately following the breeding season although no consistent change was noted in the total size of the adrenal gland. Histochemical analysis using periodic acid Schiff reagent (PAS) for carbohydrates, and Oil red-0-stain for lipids revealed focal accumulations of pigment cells in the zona reticularis during the post breeding season. The presence of strands of PAS positive cells in the outer zones of adrenal cortex just before the peak of the breeding season indicates that these cells may be in the process of migration and infiltration from the zona glomerulosa to the zona reticularis where they become encased by a thin layer of connective tissue. The aggregation of PAS and Oil red-0 positive cells in the zona reticularis, previously assumed to be a response to hormone treatment, may be a normal feature associated with the onset of testicular quiescence in sexually mature mink. 相似文献
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果子狸甲状腺、肾上腺、脑垂体形态结构的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对果子狸的甲状腺、肾上腺、脑垂体形态结构的显微特征进行观察,结果表明,甲状腺滤泡上皮较薄;肾上腺皮质区内的多形带细胞成团状排列,髓质区的中央静脉管腔大,管壁厚薄不一;脑垂体远侧部的嗜酸性细胞主要分布于中央,嗜碱性细胞主要分布于四周,两者比例接近１１。 相似文献
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There is little published information describing the differences in adrenal structure between strains of a single species despite quite well known functional differences. In this paper we report morphological differences in the adrenal glands between three strains of laboratory rat; Dark Agouti (DA), Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar (W). Significant differences in adrenal weights (as a percentage of body weight) were not detected between any of the groups. While there were no significant differences in the volume of medullary or zonae glomerulosa or fasciculata tissue, the volume fraction for the zona reticularis was significantly smaller in DAs compared to the other strains. The functional significance of these differences is unknown. However, it is suggested that the reduced volume of zona reticularis tissue may contribute to a reduced capacity for glucocorticoid synthesis or storage. 相似文献
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The study involved histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the adrenal glands of healthy slaughtered cattle. Glands of 13 bulls, 10 heifers and 10 cows were examined. The following histological findings were observed: Unequal thickness of connective capsule and nodular formations of the zona glomerulosa (ZG), eosinophilic granules in cells of the ZG, globoid arrangement of the zona fasciculata, nodules or pegs of cortical tissue in the medulla, mutual interlacing of superficial and deep zones of the medulla, proliferation of cortical or medullary cells into the blood vessels wall situated in the medulla and focal inflammatory infiltrates. Cortical cells and noradrenalin-secreting (N) cells in the medulla expressed cytoplasmic positivity of S100 protein. Both adrenalin (A) cells and N cells were positive in synaptophysin. The majority of the cells in the cortex and in the medulla displayed were positive for chromogranin A. Electron microscopy showed structureless, electrondense particles of varying size and shape, mostly displaying the having mostly character of secretory granules. 相似文献
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ACTH is the primary regulator of adrenal function during acute stress. However, during chronic inflammatory stress additional factors play a major role in the regulation of adrenal secretion. Many cytokines circulate in the blood and are synthesized and released from adrenal tissue. Furthermore, these peptides modify adrenal function. Recently, interleukin-4 (IL-4) was demonstrated to be released from a human adrenal tumor cell line. Therefore, we hypothesized that normal bovine adrenocortical cells could express IL-4 and that this cytokine may modify adrenal function. We determined that IL-4 and IL-4 receptors (IL-4R) are expressed in the bovine adrenal cortex whereas the expression of IL-4 and IL-4R in the adrenal medulla was not apparent. Exposure of dispersed bovine adrenocortical cells isolated from the zona fasciculate to IL-4 did not modify basal release of cortisol. However, the ACTH-stimulated release of cortisol from the bovine adrenal cells was augmented by IL-4. IL-4 exposure had no affect on adrenal androgen release from bovine zona reticularis cells, but IL-4 inhibited the ACTH-stimulated release of adrenal androgens from these cells. The effects of IL-4 on ACTH-stimulated cortisol and adrenal androgen release were dependent upon the IL-4 incubation interval and the IL-4 concentration. Because communication between the immune and endocrine systems is important in inflammatory conditions, IL-4 may play a role in coordinating the adrenal response to inflammatory stress. 相似文献
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Bragulla H Hirschberg RM Schlotfeldt U Stede M Budras KD 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2004,33(5):263-272
The adrenal gland is a vitally important endocrine gland that occupies a central role in the regulatory mechanisms of the body metabolism. Environmental stress factors lead to permanent strain and overload of the body resulting in structural alterations of the adrenals that in turn are followed by hormonal imbalances. This leads to an increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral diseases. The recurrence of numerous fatalities in the different seal populations of the North Sea (during the years 1988, 1989 and 2002), of the Baikal Lake and Caspian Sea (during the years 2000 and 2001) were the motive for a morphological investigation of the species-specific structure of the adrenal gland of the common seal in order to differentiate environmental stress-induced pathological alterations from the physiological structure of this organ. The study was based on adrenals of 112 common seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) using light microscopic and transmission and scanning electron microscopic methods. The phocine adrenal gland displays several structural characteristics. Originating from the connective tissue organ capsule, narrow and broad septa intersperse the adrenal cortex. These septa contain blastemata as a reserve for the regeneration of hormone-producing cortical cells. Such blastemata are also occurring in the form of an intermediate zone in between the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata in the phocine adrenal cortex. Another species-specific characteristic is an inverse part of the adrenal cortex encircling the central vein of the organ. These structural features have to be considered in assessment and definition of pathological alterations of the adrenals as observed in the form of exhausted blastema cell pools in the adrenocortex of seals perished in the mentioned phocine mass mortalities. 相似文献