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1.
【目的】研究三倍化复制事件后白菜花粉特异表达候选基因的进化情况,为研究白菜的花粉特异表达基因提供理论依据。【方法】利用SynOrths软件及拟南芥花粉特异表达基因集,通过共线性分析获取白菜中的花粉特异表达候选基因。通过InterproScan获取这些候选基因的GO注释,并将这些GO注释划分到与花粉相关的13个大类。然后统计每个GO的基因数占不同拷贝类型基因总数的比例,对不同拷贝类型间进行比较。进一步根据白菜3个亚基因组集,将这些候选基因划分到不同的亚基因组上。通过分析白菜花粉特异表达候选基因中串联重复基因与拟南芥基因的共线性关系,推测这些串联重复基因是在芸薹属特有的三倍化事件之前形成,还是在其之后形成。【结果】通过对拟南芥中的1 651个花粉特异表达基因进行共线性分析,在白菜中总共找到了1 962个花粉特异表达候选基因。拟南芥特异基因集里有182个串联重复基因,而白菜包含了137个串联重复基因。白菜与拟南芥在花粉特异表达基因数目上没有明显差异,因此推测这些基因的大部分拷贝可能在三倍化复制事件后发生了丢失。549个拟南芥花粉特异表达基因在白菜上找不到相应的共线性基因,白菜在进化过程中可能丢失掉了这部分基因。拟南芥花粉特异表达基因中有898个串联重复基因在白菜中对应单或多拷贝的非串联重复基因。在白菜中对应单拷贝基因的拟南芥基因数目为480个,而且所占比例高达53.5%。另外,322个基因在白菜中对应两拷贝,比例约为35.8%。而在白菜中对应三拷贝的拟南芥基因只有96个,大约占总数目的10.7%。在白菜中,单拷贝和两拷贝的基因数目显著高于三拷贝,这说明三倍化后白菜中大部分花粉特异候选基因发生了丢失,部分两拷贝和三拷贝的基因也可能处于进化选择的过程中。白菜三拷贝基因功能在7个GO分类上的比例高于单拷贝和两拷贝,而白菜两拷贝在所有GO分类上都有分布。白菜花粉特异候选基因中的大部分串联重复基因可能在三倍化事件以后发生了基因丢失,变成了非串联重复基因。也有部分非串联重复基因在三倍化事件之后形成了串联重复基因。【结论】白菜花粉特异候选基因在芸薹属特有的三倍化事件之后处于进化之中,并且三倍化事件可能促进了3种拷贝类型基因的功能差异。 相似文献
2.
Ivens AC Peacock CS Worthey EA Murphy L Aggarwal G Berriman M Sisk E Rajandream MA Adlem E Aert R Anupama A Apostolou Z Attipoe P Bason N Bauser C Beck A Beverley SM Bianchettin G Borzym K Bothe G Bruschi CV Collins M Cadag E Ciarloni L Clayton C Coulson RM Cronin A Cruz AK Davies RM De Gaudenzi J Dobson DE Duesterhoeft A Fazelina G Fosker N Frasch AC Fraser A Fuchs M Gabel C Goble A Goffeau A Harris D Hertz-Fowler C Hilbert H Horn D Huang Y Klages S Knights A Kube M Larke N Litvin L Lord A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):436-442
3.
Genome-wide identification of WOX gene family in apple and a functional analysis of MdWOX4b during adventitious root formation 
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下载免费PDF全文 The plant-specific WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes are crucial for plant growth and development. Here, we systematically identified the MdWOX gene family in apple at the genome-wide level, and analyzed the phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structure, and syntenic relationships of the MdWOX genes. A total of 18 MdWOX genes were identified and phylogenetic analysis placed them into three clades. The phylogenetic relationships among the WOXs were further supported by the analyses of gene structure and conserved motifs. Chromosomal distribution and synteny analysis revealed that whole-genome and segmental duplications have played key roles in MdWOX gene family expansion. Moreover, the MdWOX genes exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns and MdWOX4a, MdWOX4b, MdWOX5b, MdWOX11/12a, and MdWOX11/12b may play essential roles in adventitious root development. The adventitious rooting ability was enhanced in MdWOX4b transgenic tobacco lines. The results of this study provide useful information for future functional studies on MdWOXs in the development of apple rootstocks. 相似文献
4.
【目的】研究葡萄醛脱氢酶ALDH2基因家族中ALDH2B4、ALDH2B8和ALDH2B9 3个成员的进化关系,对其在病原菌侵染、非生物胁迫及激素处理下的表达进行分析,为揭示ALDH2基因在植物逆境胁迫下的作用机理提供理论依据。【方法】运用生物信息学方法,鉴定葡萄ALDH蛋白序列;通过葡萄和拟南芥ALDH2基因的系统发育树、基因结构及同线性分析探讨其进化关系;利用葡萄Affymetrix芯片数据,分析葡萄ALDH2（ALDH2B4、ALDH2B8和ALDH2B9）基因在病原菌侵染、非生物胁迫和激素处理下的表达谱;采用在线软件PlantCARE分析3个葡萄ALDH2基因的启动子元件组成差异。【结果】在葡萄基因组中共鉴定出23个ALDH基因,并发现了ALDH2基因的可变剪接现象。基因结构分析结果表明,3个葡萄ALDH2基因的内含子/外显子组成高度相似,且均是通过大规模基因倍增产生的;仅有ALDH2B4具有剪接变体。葡萄与拟南芥的ALDH2基因位于同线区域,表明葡萄与拟南芥的ALDH2基因具有共同的祖先,ALDH2基因先于植物分化而存在。表达分析结果表明,VvALDH2B8是一个多病原菌和非生物胁迫响应基因,VvALDH2B4是一个渗透胁迫响应基因。葡萄的3个ALDH2基因的启动子区域均含有逆境胁迫响应元件,在VvALDH2B8上还发现了病原菌侵染响应元件Box-W1。【结论】葡萄的3个ALDH2基因虽然具有共同的祖先,但其在逆境条件下的表达差异很大,VvALDH2B8和VvALDH2B4可能在植物抵抗逆境胁迫中起重要作用。 相似文献
5.
Human acid phosphatase in somatic cell hybrids 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The human enzyme, lysosomal acid phosphatase ACP2, is expressed in nan-rodent somatic cell hybrids as a dimeric molecule. The human-rodent heteropolymer, as well as the human and rodent homopolymer, is associated with lysosomes in these cells. The genes specifying lysosomal acid phosphatase ACP(2) and LDH A are syntenic. 相似文献
6.
El-Sayed NM Myler PJ Bartholomeu DC Nilsson D Aggarwal G Tran AN Ghedin E Worthey EA Delcher AL Blandin G Westenberger SJ Caler E Cerqueira GC Branche C Haas B Anupama A Arner E Aslund L Attipoe P Bontempi E Bringaud F Burton P Cadag E Campbell DA Carrington M Crabtree J Darban H da Silveira JF de Jong P Edwards K Englund PT Fazelina G Feldblyum T Ferella M Frasch AC Gull K Horn D Hou L Huang Y Kindlund E Klingbeil M Kluge S Koo H Lacerda D Levin MJ Lorenzi H Louie T Machado CR McCulloch R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):409-415
Whole-genome sequencing of the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that the diploid genome contains a predicted 22,570 proteins encoded by genes, of which 12,570 represent allelic pairs. Over 50% of the genome consists of repeated sequences, such as retrotransposons and genes for large families of surface molecules, which include trans-sialidases, mucins, gp63s, and a large novel family (>1300 copies) of mucin-associated surface protein (MASP) genes. Analyses of the T. cruzi, T. brucei, and Leishmania major (Tritryp) genomes imply differences from other eukaryotes in DNA repair and initiation of replication and reflect their unusual mitochondrial DNA. Although the Tritryp lack several classes of signaling molecules, their kinomes contain a large and diverse set of protein kinases and phosphatases; their size and diversity imply previously unknown interactions and regulatory processes, which may be targets for intervention. 相似文献
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A comparison of whole-genome shotgun-derived mouse chromosome 16 and the human genome 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mural RJ Adams MD Myers EW Smith HO Miklos GL Wides R Halpern A Li PW Sutton GG Nadeau J Salzberg SL Holt RA Kodira CD Lu F Chen L Deng Z Evangelista CC Gan W Heiman TJ Li J Li Z Merkulov GV Milshina NV Naik AK Qi R Shue BC Wang A Wang J Wang X Yan X Ye J Yooseph S Zhao Q Zheng L Zhu SC Biddick K Bolanos R Delcher AL Dew IM Fasulo D Flanigan MJ Huson DH Kravitz SA Miller JR Mobarry CM Reinert K Remington KA Zhang Q Zheng XH Nusskern DR Lai Z Lei Y Zhong W Yao A Guan P Ji RR Gu Z Wang ZY Zhong F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5573):1661-1671
The high degree of similarity between the mouse and human genomes is demonstrated through analysis of the sequence of mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu 16), which was obtained as part of a whole-genome shotgun assembly of the mouse genome. The mouse genome is about 10% smaller than the human genome, owing to a lower repetitive DNA content. Comparison of the structure and protein-coding potential of Mmu 16 with that of the homologous segments of the human genome identifies regions of conserved synteny with human chromosomes (Hsa) 3, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 22. Gene content and order are highly conserved between Mmu 16 and the syntenic blocks of the human genome. Of the 731 predicted genes on Mmu 16, 509 align with orthologs on the corresponding portions of the human genome, 44 are likely paralogous to these genes, and 164 genes have homologs elsewhere in the human genome; there are 14 genes for which we could find no human counterpart. 相似文献
9.
The impact of gene patents on downstream research and innovation are unknown, in part because of a lack of empirical data on the extent and nature of gene patenting. In this Policy Forum, the authors show that 20% of human gene DNA sequences are patented and that some genes are patented as many as 20 times. Unsurprisingly, genes associated with health and disease are more patented than the genome at large. The intellectual property rights for some genes can become highly fragmented between many owners, which suggests that downstream innovators may face considerable costs to gain access to gene-oriented technologies. 相似文献
10.
Atwood JA Weatherly DB Minning TA Bundy B Cavola C Opperdoes FR Orlando R Tarleton RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):473-476
To complement the sequencing of the three kinetoplastid genomes reported in this issue, we have undertaken a whole-organism, proteomic analysis of the four life-cycle stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Peptides mapping to 2784 proteins in 1168 protein groups from the annotated T. cruzi genome were identified across the four life-cycle stages. Protein products were identified from >1000 genes annotated as "hypothetical" in the sequenced genome, including members of a newly defined gene family annotated as mucin-associated surface proteins. The four parasite stages appear to use distinct energy sources, including histidine for stages present in the insect vectors and fatty acids by intracellular amastigotes. 相似文献
11.
Large microtubule-associated protein of T. brucei has tandemly repeated, near-identical sequences 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
The parasitic protozoon Trypanosoma brucei contains a highly organized membrane skeleton, consisting of a dense array of parallel, singlet microtubules that are laterally interconnected and that are also in tight contact with the overlying cell membrane. A high molecular weight, heat-stable protein from this membrane skeleton was isolated that is localized along the microtubules. Protease digestion experiments and sequencing of a cloned gene segment showed that most of the protein is built up by more than 50 nearly identical tandem repeats with a periodicity of 38 amino acids. 相似文献
12.
NAC蛋白是植物特有的转录因子,在植物发育和各种非生物逆境应答中发挥着重要作用。为更好地揭示玉米SNAC(stress-responsive NAM,ATAF1/2,CUC2)家族的耐逆境胁迫功能,对其基因的结构特征及可能的调控机理进行了预测。利用生物信息学方法,鉴定了玉米16个SNAC家族基因,并对该基因家族各编码蛋白的理化性质、基因结构、潜在的磷酸化位点、蛋白质二级结构、基因进化关系、基因组序列结构和启动子结合元件等信息进行分析。分析结果表明：玉米16个SNACs不具有跨膜结构,且均具有N-末端保守结构域和高度可变的C-末端结构域。系统发育分析表明,同一亚群中密切相关的成员具有相似的基因结构,推测在不同植物中会具有类似的耐逆功能。磷酸化位点分析表明,玉米SNAC家族存在着大量的磷酸化位点。二级结构预测表明,玉米SNAC的转录调控区具有高度的内在灵活性。启动子分析表明,玉米SNAC家族基因启动子区域均含有大量的逆境胁迫应答顺式作用元件。这些结果为玉米耐逆境研究提供了候选基因,对促进玉米SNAC家族功能分析的进展具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
The endogenous small subunit of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene rbcS and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene (LHCP) of pea are expressed in a light-inducible manner and are active mainly in green chloroplast-containing tissue. Chimeric genes under control of the 5'-flanking sequences of the rbcS ss3.6 or LHCP AB80 genes from pea were used to study the factors relating to the issue-specific and lightinducible expression of these nuclear-encoded genes in transgenic tobacco plants. The results show that plastid development plays a crucial role in the activation of expression of these chimeric genes. Particular members of each of the above gene families respond differently to tissue-specific and environmental factors. Furthermore, the light-inducible expression directed by the 5'-flanking sequence of ss3.6 rbcSgene is not exclusively mediated by phytochrome, but probably is controlledin large part by another photoreceptor. 相似文献
14.
【目的】比较山羊Capra hircus卵巢基质、大卵泡和小卵泡间的m RNA表达图谱,为探究卵泡发育机制提供一定的研究基础。【方法】采用高通量测序技术对发情期川中黑山羊的卵巢基质、大卵泡和小卵泡进行转录组测序,利用生物信息学方法检测mRNA表达谱,筛选差异基因,对其进行GO和KEGG通路分析,最后随机抽取5个差异基因进行荧光定量PCR验证。【结果】卵巢基质vs大卵泡、卵巢基质vs小卵泡和小卵泡vs大卵泡的差异表达基因分别为524、180和403个。筛选出INHA、TNFRSF19等15个与卵泡发育相关的基因,其主要富集在内质网蛋白质加工、类固醇生物合成、卵母细胞减数分裂等信号通路。通过q RT-PCR验证,定量结果与测序结果基本一致。【结论】川中黑山羊卵巢基质、大卵泡和小卵泡的基因表达模式不同,小卵泡与卵巢基质的基因表达模式更相近。 相似文献
15.
Assignment of the murine interferon sensitivity and cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase genes to chromosome 16 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Both hybrids of mouse and human microcells and whole cell hybrids generated by the fusion of primary mouse cells and SV40-transformed human fibroblasts were used to establish the syntenic association of the murine cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase and the interferon sensitivity genes on mouse chromosome 16. This assignment adds two new markers to chromosome 16 and provides another example of an evolutionarily conserved linkage. This finding also provides an animal model both for cellular responsiveness to interferon and for Down's syndrome. 相似文献
16.
水平基因转移,一般分为细胞内部或者跨越物种边界的遗传物质交流。跨界直接介导方式,包括共生、内共生、寄生、嫁接等。细胞内的基因转移,主要包括细胞核与细胞器基因组间的相互渗透;跨越物种边界的遗传物质交流,主要涉及寄生与寄主植物的基因横向转移,寄主与寄生植物mRNA也会发生大规模的水平转移。基于基因组学研究进展,本研究综述了植物水平基因转移的迁移序列类型、迁移方向及迁移机制:首先,植物细胞的线粒体基因组能够整合细胞核转座元件以及叶绿体起源的tRNA基因,线粒体和叶绿体基因组的功能基因及间区序列能够迁移到核基因组;其次,植物种间,通过寄生、嫁接等方式转移大量的DNA(如线粒体基因、叶绿体基因和转座元件)和RNA(如mRNA)序列;迁移机制涉及到DNA介导和RNA介导方式,迁移方向包括单向和双向转移。迁移序列的基因功能活性研究是重要的后续研究方向。 相似文献
17.
Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Alonso JM Stepanova AN Leisse TJ Kim CJ Chen H Shinn P Stevenson DK Zimmerman J Barajas P Cheuk R Gadrinab C Heller C Jeske A Koesema E Meyers CC Parker H Prednis L Ansari Y Choy N Deen H Geralt M Hazari N Hom E Karnes M Mulholland C Ndubaku R Schmidt I Guzman P Aguilar-Henonin L Schmid M Weigel D Carter DE Marchand T Risseeuw E Brogden D Zeko A Crosby WL Berry CC Ecker JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5633):653-657
Over 225,000 independent Agrobacterium transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion events in the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been created that represent near saturation of the gene space. The precise locations were determined for more than 88,000 T-DNA insertions, which resulted in the identification of mutations in more than 21,700 of the approximately 29,454 predicted Arabidopsis genes. Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of integration events revealed the existence of a large integration site bias at both the chromosome and gene levels. Insertion mutations were identified in genes that are regulated in response to the plant hormone ethylene. 相似文献
18.
发掘和精细定位玉米抗病基因是构建玉米抗病分子育种技术体系的重要基础。利用生物信息学手段,整理文献和玉米基因组数据库中已有的抗病基因定位的信息,借助高密度玉米分子标记连锁图谱IBM22005neighbors,通过染色体映射的方法,绘制了玉米抗病基因的一致性图谱。结果显示,在试验涉及到的14种主要玉米病害的78个抗病主基因或QTL之中,抗病基因在各条染色体上呈不均匀分布,第3、第6、第10染色体上的主效抗病基因较多,第5和第7染色体上的抗病基因较少,且抗病基因呈簇集分布。研究结果为进一步发掘和鉴定玉米抗病基因和建立玉米抗病分子标记辅助育种技术体系奠定了基础。 相似文献
19.
应用两组 5× 5完全双列杂交设计研究了中国高粱千粒重的遗传。结果表明 :中国高粱千粒重的遗传符合加性 -显性模型 ,加性效应和显性效应均存在 ,加性效应更加重要 ;有 3个主效基因控制着千粒重的遗传 ,大粒对小粒为显性 ,且为超显性 ;亲本的显性基因频率 (p)和隐性基因频率 (q)无差异 ;不育系 2 731(γ 2 731)、二黑高 (二黑早 )显性基因多 ,易配出大粒杂交种 ,矬 1(矬 2、白矬 3)隐性基因多 ,需与大粒恢复系杂交才能获得大粒杂交种。 相似文献