共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
从1999年到2006年在中科院长白山森林生态系统定位站（42°24＇N,128°28＇E,海拔738m）对长期高浓度CO2熏蒸对土壤酶活性的影响进行了研究.采用开顶箱（OTC）的方式对红松和长白松进行高浓度CO2处理, CO2浓度分别受控于高浓度CO2箱（500 μmol·mol^-1）、对照箱（370 μmol·mol^-1））和裸地（370 μmol·mol^-1）.经高浓度CO2（500 μmol·mol^-1）熏蒸8年后,土壤样品分别在2006年春季、夏季和秋季进行采集和分析.结果表明：在高CO2浓度（500 μmol mol^-1）条件下,转化酶活性除了红松夏季样品之外都是显著降低的;而脱氢酶活性却是增加的,但只有部分结果显著;长白松的多酚氧化酶活性都显著降低;过氧化氢酶活性在春季增加,而在其他季节均降低.总而言之,在高CO2浓度条件下,土壤酶的活性与树种有关. 相似文献
2.
研究了2003 年夏季长白赤松和红松土壤微生物活性对高浓度CO2的响应规律。结果表明,长白赤松和红松土壤细菌数量受高浓度CO2影响显著(p < 0.05)减少;与对照箱(350 μmol ·mol-1 CO2)和裸地(350 μmol ·mol-1 CO2)相比,红松土壤淀粉酶和转化酶活性降低,而长白赤松土壤淀粉酶和转化酶活性却表现为增加;同时发现受700 μmol ·mol-1 CO2处理的红松和长白赤松土壤微生物生物量碳均表现为显著降低。DGGE 结果表明:受高浓度CO2 的影响,长白赤松和红松土壤细菌群落结构发生了明显的变化。研究结果表明土壤微生物对高浓度CO2的响应规律与所研究的的树种有关。图2 表2 参29。 相似文献
3.
以开顶箱的方式研究了长白山两年生红松、长白赤松、水曲柳幼苗,经过从1999年9月到2001年9月两个生长季高浓度CO2处理后,在700、500 L·L-1高浓度CO2和大气CO2条件下的净光合、暗呼吸速率,RuBP羧化酶活性及叶绿素含量变化。结果表明:红松、长白赤松和水曲柳幼苗在高浓度CO2下RuBP羧化酶活性增加;除500 L·L-1 CO2下的长白赤松幼苗外,高浓度CO2促进净光合速率;700 L·L-1 CO2使红松和长白赤松的暗呼吸速率升高,而水曲柳的暗呼吸在700、500 L·L-1CO2下降低。高浓度使水曲柳幼苗的叶绿素含量降低。 相似文献
4.
高浓度CO2下红松幼苗根系呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文于2003年5月至10月在长白山森林生态系统定位站内研究了高浓度CO2(500和700靘olmol-1)对红松幼苗土壤呼吸以及根系呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献。经过4个生长季高浓度CO2的处理,利用LI-6400-09土壤呼吸室对红松幼苗土壤总呼吸和根系呼吸进行了测定。为了区分根系呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献,本文采用了PVC管断根法,即每种处理下将三根PVC管插入土壤中30cm以切断根系,从而终止了植物冠层对根系碳水化合物的供应。分别于6月16日、8月20日和10月8日对管内外土壤呼吸进行了测定。结果表明大气和土壤5cm温度都存在明显的日变化,但不同处理之间没有显著差别(P>0.05)。土壤总呼吸和断根土壤呼吸也有明显的日变化和季节变化。不同处理之间土壤总呼吸和断根土壤呼吸差异显著(P<0.01)。6月16日、8月20日和10月8日不同处理下土壤总呼吸和根系呼吸的贡献的平均值分别为3.26、4.78和1.47靘olm-2s-1以及11.5%、43.1%和27.9%。图5表1参38。 相似文献
5.
【目的】分析凉水国家级自然保护区内的3种原始红松林(云冷杉红松林、椴树红松林和枫桦红松林)、红松人工林和红松天然次生林5种林型的土壤nosZ型反硝化微生物的群落组成和多样性特征,为全面了解不同林型红松林土壤的反硝化潜势和氮循环过程提供数据支持。【方法】以选取的5种林型红松林林下土壤为研究对象,以反硝化过程中的关键酶——氧化亚氮还原酶的编码基因nosZ为标记基因,采用高通量测序和生物信息学分析技术进行研究。【结果】从5种林型红松林15个土壤样品中一共得到nosZ基因631 878条有效序列,579 871条优质序列,长度分布在178~383 bp之间,主要分布在260 bp。5种林型红松林土壤nosZ型反硝化微生物主要门类为变形菌门和拟杆菌门,核心属为伯霍尔德杆菌属、黄杆菌属、慢生根瘤菌属、假单胞菌属、Dechloromonas属、芽单胞菌属、无色杆菌属和中华根瘤菌属。nosZ型反硝化微生物α多样性分析显示:除枫桦红松林的Shannon和Simpson指数显著高于红松天然次生林外,5种林型红松林之间土壤nosZ型反硝化菌群的4种α多样性指数(Shannon、Chao1、ACE和Simpson指数)差异不显著。β多样性分析显示:5种林型土壤nosZ型反硝化微生物群落组成差异显著(R=0.387,P=0.006),但3种原始红松林之间差异不显著。土壤铵氮和全氮含量是显著影响nosZ型反硝化微生物群落的主要因子(P﹤0.05)。【结论】5种林型红松林土壤nosZ型反硝化微生物多数α多样性指数无显著差异,但β多样性差异显著,引起不同林型之间nosZ型反硝化微生物组成和丰度的主要环境因子是土壤铵氮和全氮含量。 相似文献
6.
采用5点取样法对海南岛吊罗山自然保护区内单优青皮林森林土壤进行取样,分析海拔高度、土层深度、季节及土壤理化性质对土壤的硝化-反硝化作用影响因素。结果表明:海拔高度及土层深度对硝化-反硝化作用影响不同;季节对其有显著影响(p0.05),雨季土壤的硝化-反硝化作用强度是旱季的几十至上百倍;土壤理化性质对土壤硝化作用没有影响(p0.05),但全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾和含水率均与反硝化作用强度呈显著负相关(p0.05)。以上结果说明,在研究区青皮林土壤氮素转化过程中,季节是重要影响因素,土壤部分理化性质是反硝化作用的重要影响因素。 相似文献
7.
《林业科学》2018,(12)
【目的】以林业食叶害虫舞毒蛾为对象,研究CO_2浓度升高对个体生长发育、营养利用和体内解毒酶及保护酶的影响。【方法】利用密闭式CO_2人工气候箱研究了不同CO_2浓度(397、550和750μL·L~(-1))对人工饲料饲养舞毒蛾生长发育指标和营养利用的影响,并采用分光光度计法测定CO_2升高对体内保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响。【结果】CO_2浓度升高可延长舞毒蛾卵孵化历期、增加产卵量和孵化率;同时显著延长了幼虫总发育历期,而对蛹和成虫历期影响不显著。CO_2浓度升高可降低舞毒蛾幼虫相对取食率和近似消化率,同时增加食物利用率和食物转化率。750μL·L~(-1) CO_2浓度可显著诱导舞毒蛾幼虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,分别比397μL·L~(-1) CO_2浓度处理组增加了32.05%和13.47%;随着CO_2浓度的升高,550μL·L~(-1)和750μL·L~(-1) CO_2浓度下细胞色素P450的活性比397μL·L~(-1)CO_2浓度下分别增加了78.79%和93.50%;谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性在550μL·L~(-1) CO_2浓度处理下最高,分别比397μL·L~(-1)和750μL·L~(-1)CO_2处理组活性增加71.03%和50.00%(P0.05)。【结论】CO_2浓度升高能够影响舞毒蛾幼虫生长发育和生理代谢功能,同时舞毒蛾通过改变发育历期、增加食物的利用和转化以及改变体内解毒酶和(或)保护酶活性来维持生长以抵抗高浓度CO_2环境。 相似文献
8.
森林土壤酶的研究进展 总被引：79，自引：4，他引：79
土壤酶在土壤生态系统的物质循环和能量流动方面扮演重要的角色。目前 ,在几乎所有的森林生态系统研究中 ,土壤酶活性的监测似乎成为必不可少的研究内容。森林凋落物分解过程中的酶活性动态 ,植被特征与土壤酶活性的关系 ,土壤微生物与土壤酶的关系 ,植物 -土壤界面的土壤酶 ,森林土壤质量评价指标的土壤酶及人类活动干扰对森林土壤酶活性的影响等是当前森林土壤酶学的研究重点。由于土壤酶的功能和生态重要性 ,森林土壤酶研究可能包括 :(1 )土壤酶系统分异 ;(2 )作为森林土壤质量综合评价指标的土壤酶活性 ;(3)植被动态与土壤酶的关系 ;(4 )退化森林生态系统的土壤酶活性特征 ;(5 )人工林土壤酶活性特征 ;(6 )人类活动对森林土壤酶系统的影响。本文从土壤酶系统分异和生态系统的角度对土壤酶在森林生态系统中的作用和地位进行了综述 ,这对于加深理解森林生态系统中的物质循环、土壤酶的生态重要性以及森林生态系统退化机理有重要作用 相似文献
9.
城市蒙古栎对近地层臭氧浓度升高的光合生理响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近地层O3浓度的增加已经成为当今环境科学研究的热点问题之一,该文主要模拟沈阳城市森林的常用绿化树种蒙古栎对近地层O3浓度升高的光合生理响应,为沈阳市城市采林树种的选育提供理论依据.本试验利用开顶式气室研究蒙古栎叶片对臭氧浓度升高的光合生理响应.结果表明,蒙古栎叶片在高浓度O3熏蒸下,净光合速率、光合色素、光合产物、光合电子传递和光合磷酸化指标随着熏蒸时间的延长而呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,相对电导率呈上升趋势.在通气30d时,净光合速率、类胡萝卜紊含量、ATP酶及淀粉含量均与对照达到差异极显著(p＜0.01),而叶绿素含量与对照差异显著(p＜0.05);在通气90d时,净光合速率和类胡萝卜素含量与对照差异显著(p＜0.05),而叶绿素含量和Mg2+-ATP酶活性与对照差异极显著(p＜0.01).在臭氧浓度升高条件下,蒙古栎叶片光合作用能力下降. 相似文献
10.
在长白山站以开顶箱方式对4 年生长白松连续4 个生长季进行CO2 处理,包括700 和500 μmolmol-1 高浓度CO2,以及接受空气CO2的对照箱和不扣箱的裸露地条件(约350 μmolmol-1 CO2),通过测定气孔导度(gs),ci/ca比及气孔数量等指标评价气孔对高浓度CO2的响应。气孔导度及ci/ca比的转换实验表明,在各自生长CO2下和在相同测定CO2 下进行比较时,生长在高浓度CO2 下植株的气孔导度要高于空气CO2 下对照组植株的气孔导度(除700 μmol mol-1 CO2 下的植株在生长CO2 浓度下及在350 μmol mol-1 CO2 下测定时的气孔导度低于裸地植株外)。在各自生长CO2浓度下测定时,高浓度CO2下植株的ci/ca比低于对照组植株,但在相同测定CO2浓度下比较时,却是高浓度CO2下植株的ci/ca高于对照组植株的ci/ca比。高浓度CO2下植株与对照组植株在每单位长度气孔数量上无明显差异,但高浓度CO2通过降低气孔线数使长白松当年生针叶的总气孔数量降低,并且改变了气孔在针叶上、下表面的分配模式。表4 参18。 相似文献
11.
A study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated CO2 on soil N process at Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province, northeastern China (42°24′N, 128°06′E, and 738 m elevation). A
randomized complete block design of ambient and elevated CO2 was established in an open-top chamber facility in the spring of 1999. Changpai Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis seeds were sowed in May, 1999 and CO2 fumigation treatments began after seeds germination. In each year, the exposure started at the end of April and stopped at
the end of October. Soil samples were collected in June and August 2006 and in June 2007, and soil nitrifying, denitrifying
and N2-fixing enzyme activities were measured. Results show that soil nitrifying enzyme activities (NEA) in the 5–10 cm soil layer
were significantly increased at elevated CO2 by 30.3% in June 2006, by 30.9% in August 2006 and by 11.3% in June 2007. Soil denitrifying enzyme activities (DEA) were
significantly decreased by elevated CO2 treatment in June 2006 (P < 0.012) and August 2006 (P < 0.005) samplings in our study; no significant difference was detected in June 2007, and no significant changes in N2-fixing enzyme activity were found. This study suggests that elevated CO2 can alter soil nitrifying enzyme and denitrifying enzyme activities.
Foundation project: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90411020) and Major
State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (2002CB412502). 相似文献
12.
Effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) uptake and N source partitioning (N2 fixation versus mineral soil N uptake) of 1-year-old Robinia pseudoacacia were determined in a dual 13C and 15N continuous labeling experiment. Seedlings were grown for 16 weeks in ambient (350 ppm) or elevated [CO2] (700 ppm) with 15NH4 15NO3 as the only mineral nitrogen source. Elevated [CO2] increased the fraction of new C in total C, but it did not alter C partitioning among plant compartments. Elevated [CO2] also increased the fraction of new N in total N and this was coupled with a shift in N source partitioning toward N2 fixation. Soil N uptake was unaffected by elevated [CO2], whereas N2 fixation was markedly increased by the elevated [CO2] treatment, mainly because of increased specific fixation (mg N mg(-1) nodule). As a result of increased N2 fixation, the C/N ratio of tree biomass tended to decrease in the elevated [CO2] treatment. Partitioning of N uptake among plant compartments was unaffected by elevated [CO2]. Total dry mass of root nodules doubled in response to elevated [CO2], but this effect was not significant because of the great variability of root nodule formation. Our results show that, in the N2-fixing R. pseudoacacia, increased C uptake in response to increased [CO2] is matched by increased N2 fixation, indicating that enhanced growth in elevated [CO2] might not be restricted by N limitations. 相似文献
13.
杉木人工林土壤酶活性对氮沉降的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对12年生杉木人工林开展N0(0kgN·hm-2a-1)、N1(60kgN·hm-2a-1)、N2(120kgN·hm-2a-1)和N3(240kgN·hm-2a-1)4种水平的模拟氮沉降试验,探讨亚热带森林土壤酶(过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶)活性对氮沉降增加的响应。试验采取2种施氮方式,即在缓冲区采取1年1次性施入氮,而在中心区每月施入等量氮。结果表明:缓冲区1次性施氮后30天内每10天土壤酶活性变化趋势和中心区按月施氮后酶活性动态均表现为N1始终促进3种酶活性(相对于N0处理);N1和N2处理对土壤酶活性的影响依施氮时间和土层深度不同而异,没有表现出明显的促进增加或抑制作用;随土层深度增加,3种酶活性均表现出明显降低趋势。 相似文献
15.
阔叶红松林土壤CO2,N2O排放和CH4吸收的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究凋落物对CO2,N2O排放和CH4吸收的影响,从2002年9月3日到2003年10月30日,采用静态密闭箱技术对长白山阔叶红松林两种类型土壤生态系统的CO2,N2O和CH4的通量进行测定。两种土壤类型分别为表层有凋落物覆盖和没有凋落物覆盖。研究结果表明,凋落物对CO2,N2O和CH4通量有显著性影响(P<0.05)。有凋落物样地的CO2,N2O和CH4通量的日变化趋势和无凋落物样地中三种气体的日变化趋势相似,且CO2,N2O和CH4的日通量峰值都出现在18:00。有凋落物样地的CO2,N2O和CH4通量的季节变化趋势和无凋落物样地中三种气体的季节变化趋势也相似,但在一年之中,CO2和CH4的峰值出现在六月,N2O的峰值却出现在八月。研究结果还表明有凋落物样地CO2,N2O的日排放通量和年均排放通量明显大于无凋落物样地中两种气体的排放通量,但有凋落物样地的CH4日吸收通量和年均排放通量却小于无凋落物样地的CH4吸收通量。 相似文献
16.
以大鹤国有防护林场3种不同林龄(15、23、34 a)的湿地松林为研究对象,研究了不同林龄湿地松林土壤酶活性及其养分含量变化特征。结果表明:土壤pH值随着林龄增加呈先降低后升高,随着土层深度的增加逐渐升高。随着林龄的增长,土壤有机质先增加后降低;土壤水解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量逐渐降低。土壤中的脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性随林龄的增长逐渐降低;酸性磷酸酶活性仅在表层土随着林龄的增长逐渐降低,而随着土层的加深表现为先增长后降低。土壤养分和酶活性随土层深度的变化均存在显著性变化。相关分析表明,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶均与土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),多酚氧化酶与速效钾呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。滨海地区湿地松在林龄较低阶段土壤养分较为充足,随着林龄的增长,土壤肥力逐渐下降,不利于森林可持续发展。 相似文献
17.
One-year-old seedlings of Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestriformis, Phellodendron amurense were grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) with 700 and 500 mmol/mol CO2 concentrations, control chamber and on open site (ambient CO2, about 350 mmol/mol CO2) respectively at the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the growth course responses of three species to elevated CO2 and temperature during one growing season was studied from May to Oct. 1999. The results showed that increase in CO2 concentration enhanced the growth of seedlings and the effect of 700 mmol/mol CO2 was more remarkable than 500 mmol/mol CO2 on seedling growth. Under the condition of doubly elevated CO2 concentration, the biomass increased by 38% in average for coniferous seedlings and 60% for broad-leaved seedlings. With continuous treatment of high CO2 concentration, the monthly-accumulated biomass of shade-tolerant Pinus koraiensis seedlings was bigger in July than in August and September, while those of Pinus sylvestriformis and Phellodendron amurense seedlings showed an increase in July and August, or did not decrese until September. During the hot August, high CO2 concentration enhanced the growth of Pinus koraiensis seedlings by increasing temperature, but it did not show dominance in other two species. 相似文献
18.
P. K. Khanna 《Agroforestry Systems》1997,38(1-3):99-120
Eucalyptus and Acacia are two tree genera that are commonly used in industrial plantations and as components of agroforestry
systems in southeast Asia. These fast-growing trees are mostly grown in monocultures. However, questions are now being raised
about the long-term sustainability of their growth as well as their effects on site quality. Losses of N and P from the site
through biomass harvest and during site preparation constitute a major nutrient drain. As an alternative to monocultures,
mixed-species cultures which include at least one N2-fixing tree species can improve plant productivity and soil N dynamics.
Among the various aspects of N dynamics in such stands, export of N during biomass harvest and inputs by the N2-fixing component are the most important.
Reported estimates of the amount of N fixed by acacia and other N2-fixing trees are highly variable, depending on inherited plant characteristics, tree age, site factors (e.g., drought), soil
fertility (e.g., available P, metal toxicities) and unreliable methods of measuring N2-fixation. Of the available techniques for assessing N2-fixation by trees, the total N difference method (TND) is the simplest. The contribution of roots to assessments of N2-fixation is recognized but rarely measured.
For short-rotation mixed-species plantations, the amount and time of N transfer from N2-fixing trees to non-N2-fixing trees are important issues to consider when attempting to develop productive nutrient management strategies. Based
on limited information from trials in southeast Asia, it appears that acacia fixes substantial amounts of N during the first
few years of establishment and a significant amount of that N is transferred to adjacent eucalypts, thereby improving the
growth and nutrition of the eucalypts. The presumed transfer of N from acacias to eucalypts during the early stages of plantation
development probably results from belowground turnover of roots and nodules because aboveground litter decomposition is slight
at this stage, and contributes little to the overall N dynamics.
The available information on P cycling in mixed-species stands, during the early stages of stand growth, provides inconclusive
evidence as to whether the availability of soil P increases, despite indications of higher levels of phosphatase activity
in the fine roots of nitrogen-fixing trees. This would imply that additional inputs of P as fertilizer are required to remove
any P deficiency in mixed-species stands. Long-term observations are required for better understanding of the nutritional
and growth benefits of including N2-fixing trees in mixed-species stands.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
To investigate whether sun and shade leaves respond differently to CO2 enrichment, we examined photosynthetic light response of sun and shade leaves in canopy sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) trees growing at ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 microliters per liter) atmospheric CO2 in the Brookhaven National Laboratory/Duke University Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. The sweetgum trees were naturally established in a 15-year-old forest dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Measurements were made in early June and late August 1997 during the first full year of CO2 fumigation in the Duke Forest FACE experiment. Sun leaves had a 68% greater leaf mass per unit area, 63% more leaf N per unit leaf area, 27% more chlorophyll per unit leaf area and 77% greater light-saturated photosynthetic rates than shade leaves. Elevated CO2 strongly stimulated light-saturated photosynthetic rates of sun and shade leaves in June and August; however, the relative photosynthetic enhancement by elevated CO2 for sun leaves was more than double the relative enhancement of shade leaves. Elevated CO2 stimulated apparent quantum yield by 30%, but there was no interaction between CO2 and leaf position. Daytime leaf-level carbon gain extrapolated from photosynthetic light response curves indicated that sun leaves were enhanced 98% by elevated CO2, whereas shade leaves were enhanced 41%. Elevated CO2 did not significantly affect leaf N per unit area in sun or shade leaves during either measurement period. Thus, the greater CO2 enhancement of light-saturated photosynthesis in sun leaves than in shade leaves was probably a result of a greater amount of nitrogen per unit leaf area in sun leaves. A full understanding of the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations on forest ecosystems must take account of the complex nature of the light environment through the canopy and how light interacts with CO2 to affect photosynthesis. 相似文献