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1.
该试验旨在研究霉变饲粮中镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪阴户、血清代谢和氧化应激指标的影响。选用28日龄平均体重(9.59±0.79)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶雌性仔猪15头,随机分为3个处理。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,50%镰刀菌毒素组[玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN),0.90 mg/kg;呕吐毒素(DON),1.43 mg/kg;烟曲霉毒素(FUM),5.85 mg/kg]和100%镰刀菌毒素组[ZEN,1.69 mg/kg;DON,2.03 mg/kg;FUM,9.05 mg/kg]分别用50%和100%的霉变玉米和霉变玉米蛋白粉代替基础饲粮中的玉米和玉米蛋白粉,预试期7 d,试验期15 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,50%和100%镰刀菌毒素组试验第6 d的阴户面积显著增大(P0.05);50%和100%镰刀菌毒素组仔猪阴户面积的线性斜率和试验第15 d的阴户长、宽和面积均显著大于对照组(P0.05)。100%镰刀菌毒素组试验第8 d和第15 d仔猪血清中胆固醇和尿素均显著高于对照组(P0.05);而50%镰刀菌毒素组显著提高试验第15 d胆固醇和尿素水平(P0.05)。与对照组相比,50%和100%镰刀菌毒素组均显著提高仔猪试验第8 d和第15 d血清中GSH-Px和SOD活性(P0.05);而MDA含量则相反(P0.05)。试验条件下,自然霉变饲粮饲喂断奶仔猪6 d显著增加其外阴大小,8 d便显著改变血清代谢产物和抗氧化酶活性,这些结果对指导仔猪健康生产具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
该试验旨在研究镰刀菌毒素对全价饲粮发酵pH、粗蛋白、钙和磷的影响。试验分为3个组,对照组为基础饲粮,试验1组和试验2组分别用25%和50%含有镰刀菌素玉米和玉米蛋白粉代替基础饲粮中的玉米和玉米蛋白粉。采用复合菌种(乳酸菌、酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌分别为6.33×10~6 cfu/g、1.05×10~6 cfu/g和8.94×10~6 cfu/g)对全价饲料粮进行固态发酵,发酵开始前所有处理饲粮水分调节至50%。试验结果表明:1)饲粮pH随着发酵时间呈线性下降(P0.05),而粗蛋白(CP)、Ca和P则随着发酵时间呈线性升高(P0.05),但是不同处理的线性斜率差异不显著(P0.05)。2)饲粮(0 d)的pH随着镰刀菌毒素水平的提高而显著降低(P0.05),而镰刀菌素饲粮Ca含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。发酵末期(18 d)的pH和Ca对照组显著低于25%和50%毒素组;而对照组的CP含量显著高于50%镰刀菌素组(P0.05)。该试验条件下镰刀菌毒素能显著的影响全价饲粮发酵参数pH、粗蛋白、钙和磷的水平。 相似文献
3.
《动物营养学报》2015,(11)
本试验旨在研究黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)及其吸附剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和空肠消化酶活性的影响。选用72头28日龄断奶仔猪随机分为4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复3头仔猪。这4个组分别为对照组(基础饲粮)、吸附剂组(基础饲粮+0.25%吸附剂)、AFB1组(霉变玉米饲粮,AFB1预期含量为300μg/kg)和AFB1+吸附剂组(霉变玉米饲粮+0.25%吸附剂),试验期35 d,于试验第22~28天进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,AFB1饲粮对断奶仔猪生长性能,饲粮粗蛋白质、粗灰分、消化能、钙和磷表观消化率及空肠黏膜消化酶活性影响不显著(P0.05)。AFB1组肝脏出现明显的肝索紊乱,肝细胞中有不规则空泡和颗粒变性。AFB1饲粮添加吸附剂后能降低肝脏病变程度和提高空肠黏膜寡肽酶活性,降低了空肠黏膜二糖酶活性,但是差异均不显著(P0.05);AFB1和吸附剂对饲粮钙的表观消化率和空肠黏膜氨肽酶活性有交互作用的趋势(P=0.05)。由此可见,含300μg/kg AFB1的饲粮对断奶仔猪生长性能和空肠消化吸收功能无显著影响,但对肝脏组织结构具有一定的损伤作用;霉变玉米饲粮中添加0.25%吸附剂对仔猪生长性能和空肠消化吸收功能无显著影响,对肝脏损伤具有一定缓解作用,但对空肠黏膜消化酶活性有负面影响。 相似文献
4.
本试验旨在研究镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪生长性能、小肠二糖酶活性和抗氧化能力的影响。选择35日龄平均体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪40头,随机分为2组,对照组20头,试验组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂的试验饲粮是用霉变玉米和霉变玉米蛋白粉代替基础饲粮中50%的玉米和玉米蛋白粉配制而成(含玉米赤霉烯酮0.90 mg/kg,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇1.43 mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素5.85 mg/kg)。仔猪采用单体笼饲养,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),显著升高了料重比(P0.05);与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了十二指肠和空肠的乳糖酶活性、空肠和回肠的蔗糖酶活性(P0.05);与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了空肠和回肠的过氧化氢酶活性以及十二指肠、空肠和回肠的总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.05),显著升高了空肠和回肠的丙二醛含量(P0.05)。由此得出,本试验条件下,镰刀菌毒素能够降低断奶仔猪小肠二糖酶活性和抗氧化能力,危害小肠健康,并对其生长性能造成负面影响。 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在研究阶段性饲喂镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮对仔猪血清和肝脏生化指标、抗氧化指标以及肝脏炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)mRNA相对表达量的影响。选用体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的35日龄"杜×长×大"雌性仔猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组持续饲喂基础饲粮,镰刀菌毒素组持续饲喂镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮(玉米赤霉烯酮0.90 mg/kg,呕吐毒素1.43 mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素5.85 mg/kg),自然恢复组在饲喂镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮35 d后,改饲喂基础饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素组仔猪肝脏相对重量显著升高(P0.05),血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著升高(P0.05),血清总蛋白(TP)和球蛋白(GLB)含量显著降低(P0.05),血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、血清和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著下降(P0.05),血清和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P0.05);肝脏炎性细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.05)。2)经21 d自然恢复后,与镰刀菌毒素组相比,自然恢复组仔猪肝脏相对重量有所降低(P0.05),血清AST、ALT和ALP活性显著降低(P0.05),血清TP和GLB含量显著升高(P0.05),血清T-SOD活性显著升高(P0.05),血清和肝脏GSH-Px、肝脏T-SOD活性有所升高(P0.05),血清和肝脏M DA含量显著降低(P0.05),肝脏炎性细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,长期饲喂镰刀菌毒素能够造成仔猪肝脏损伤,影响肝脏的抗氧化、蛋白质合成和免疫功能,而经过21 d恢复期,仔猪肝脏抗氧化和免疫功能得到了一定程度的改善。 相似文献
6.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加霉菌毒素吸附剂蒙脱石对中国荷斯坦奶牛营养物质表观消化率和血液指标的影响。选择45头胎次、泌乳日龄和产奶量相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,采用随机区组设计分为5组,每组9头,分别在基础日粮中添加0%(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的蒙脱石,试验期70 d,测定各组的饲料营养物质表观消化率、血液中酶和矿物元素含量的变化。结果表明:随着蒙脱石添加量的增大,血清中谷草转氨酶浓度无显著变化(P>0.05),但0.5%组血清中谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);血液中锌和镁浓度无显著变化,但1.0%~2.0%组血液中钙浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),铜和铁浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);对粗脂肪、钙和总磷的表观消化率无显著影响,但粗蛋白质表观消化率有升高趋势,且0.5%组的NDF、ADF表观消化率最高。综合考虑,本试验条件下(奶牛日粮中霉菌毒素含量在安全范围内),日粮中霉菌毒素吸附剂蒙脱石的推荐添加量为0.5%。 相似文献
7.
本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质原料[豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、低蛋白质含量(65%)的鸡肉粉65、高蛋白质含量(80%)的鸡肉粉80、鱼粉、鸭架粉]对不同年龄阶段藏獒的采食量、营养物质表观消化率及粪便质量的影响。试验选取5~6月龄的幼年藏獒10只,2周岁以上的成年藏獒10只,各分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复1只。试验配制7种试验饲粮,分别为CGM(植物蛋白质仅含玉米蛋白粉)、SBM(植物蛋白质仅含豆粕)、PMH-FM(动物蛋白质为鸡肉粉80和鱼粉)、PML-FM(动物蛋白质为鸡肉粉65和鱼粉)、DM-FM(动物蛋白质为鸭架粉和鱼粉)、FM(动物蛋白质仅含鱼粉)和PML饲粮(动物蛋白质仅含鸡肉粉65)。每种饲粮分别饲喂1组幼犬和成犬。试验共分4期进行,每期试验期为10 d,其中预试期6 d,收粪期4 d。结果表明:幼犬对不同蛋白质来源饲粮的平均日采食量无显著差异(P>0.05)。成犬对PML-FM饲粮的平均日采食量与PMH-FM饲粮相比无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于其他饲粮(P<0.05)。在饲喂同种饲粮情况下,幼犬的平均日采食量均比成犬高,且差异显著(P<0.05)。幼犬对PM H-FM饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白质、有机质、钙和总磷表观消化率均最高,其上述营养物质表观消化率均显著高于PML-FM饲粮(P<0.05),且粗蛋白质表观消化率还显著高于PML饲粮(P<0.05),总磷表观消化率还显著高于DM-FM和FM饲粮(P<0.05)。成犬对SBM饲粮的干物质表观消化率显著高于PML-FM饲粮(P<0.05),对DM-FM饲粮的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于PML和PML-FM饲粮(P<0.05),对FM饲粮的总磷表观消化率显著低于SBM和PM L-FM饲粮(P<0.05)。成犬对各饲粮的有机质和钙表观消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在饲喂同种饲粮情况下,成犬和幼犬对干物质、粗蛋白质、有机质的表观消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05);但是,在同时饲喂PMH-FM饲粮情况下,幼犬对钙和总磷的表观消化率要显著高于成犬(P<0.05)。幼犬饲喂PMH-FM饲粮时粪样初水分含量最低,显著低于除PML-FM和DM-FM饲粮外的其他饲粮(P<0.05)。成犬饲喂FM饲粮时粪样初水分含量最高,显著高于其他饲粮(P<0.05)。幼犬饲喂CGM、PMH-FM、PML-FM、DM-FM和FM饲粮时粪样分数均在最佳粪样分数(2.5)左右,而在饲喂SBM和PML饲粮时粪样分数在2.8左右。成犬饲喂不同的饲粮,其粪样分数无显著差异(P>0.05)。在饲喂同种饲粮情况下,成犬和幼犬粪样初水分含量无显著差异(P>0.05),但幼犬粪样分数均显著高于成犬(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲粮不同蛋白质来源对藏獒的营养物质消化率和粪便质量均有一定的影响,且对幼犬影响更大。对于藏獒,玉米蛋白粉和豆粕混合使用比单一使用效果要好;相对于鱼粉和低蛋白质含量的鸡肉粉65,高蛋白质含量的鸡肉粉80作为蛋白质来源较佳。 相似文献
8.
3.8～8kg断奶仔猪可消化赖氨酸需要量的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
试验采用60头14日龄的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]断奶仔猪 ,研究饲粮不同赖氨酸水平(Lys,1.05 %、1.15 %、1.25 %、1.35 %、1.45 %、1.55 %)对3.8～8kg 断奶仔猪的生产性能和血清尿素氮浓度的影响。结果表明 ,随饲粮赖氨酸水平升高 ,仔猪平均日增重极显著提高(P<0.01)、采食量显著提高(P<0.05)、料重比降低(P>0.05)、血清尿素氮浓度显著降低(P<0.05) ,但Lys1.45 %组和1.55 %组仔猪生产性能很相近(P>0.05)。以上结果表明 ,满足3.8～8kg 超早期断奶仔猪生长的总赖氨酸需要量为1.45 %。以回—直肠吻合术猪测定基础饲粮各种饲料的赖氨酸的回肠消化率 ,计算出表观可消化和真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为1.30 %和1.38 %。 相似文献
9.
本试验研究不同粉碎粒度的豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响,选用26～28日龄断奶(7.9±0.7)kg杜×长×大健康仔猪80头,按体重、性别相同原则随机分为4个处理,每处理设5个重复,每个重复4头猪。各个处理组采用相同的日粮组成,对照组饲喂含常规粉碎豆粕(目标粒径为750μm)的日粮,处理1、2、3分别饲喂含目标粒径为150、30、6μm豆粕的日粮。结果表明:使用粉碎粒度低于30μm豆粕的日粮提高了断奶仔猪日增重(P<0.05),明显提高采食量(P>0.05),降低饲料增重比(P<0.05),显著降低断奶仔猪的腹泻频率;使用粉碎粒度低于30μm豆粕的日粮提高断奶仔猪日粮氮、磷表观消化率(P<0.05),改善能量消化率(P=0.063)和有机物表观消化率(P=0.082),显著提高必需氨基酸的表观消化率(P<0.05)。粉碎粒度低于30μm的超微粉碎豆粕可显著提高断奶仔猪日粮蛋白质的消化效率,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,改善了豆粕作为蛋白质营养源的生物适应性。 相似文献
10.
本试验旨在研究自然霉变饲粮中镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化能力和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)分布和表达的影响。选择35日龄平均体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪母猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,镰刀菌毒素组饲喂含镰刀菌毒素[玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)0.90 mg/kg;呕吐毒素(DON)1.43mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素(FUM)5.85 mg/kg]的试验饲粮。预试期7d,正试期35d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了断奶仔猪血清和脾脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P0.05),显著升高了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。2)镰刀菌毒素使断奶仔猪脾脏白髓区明显变小,红髓区扩张且出现近圆形小空洞,动脉周围淋巴鞘中淋巴细胞数量较少。3)镰刀菌毒素导致断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6阳性细胞主要集中于白髓边缘,且靠近血窦的地方阳性点更多。4)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著升高了断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6mRNA相对表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中镰刀菌毒素显著影响断奶仔猪血清和脾脏抗氧化能力,并通过改变脾脏IL-1β和IL-6的分布和表达,降低脾脏的免疫功能。 相似文献
11.
Contamination of animal feedstuffs with Fusarium mycotoxins can cause reduced feed intake and hyperaminoacidemia resulting from reduced hepatic protein synthesis. The current study investigated the effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on reproductive performance, serum chemistry, ADFI, and ADG of gilts, and tested the ability of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GMA) to reduce or eliminate the effects of the contaminated feeds. Thirty-six Yorkshire gilts were fed 3 diets (n = 12 gilts/diet) from 91 +/- 3 d of gestation until farrowing. Diets included 1) control, 2) contaminated grains, and 3) contaminated grains + 0.2% GMA. Diets contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins did not affect ADFI (P = 0.24), but ADG (P = 0.029) and G:F (P = 0.047) were reduced. Serum concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate, haptoglobin, protein, albumin, globulin, urea, glucose, cholesterol, Ca, Na, Mg, P, K, and Cl, and hepatic enzyme activities were not affected by diet. The frequency of stillborn piglets was greater (P = 0.03) for gilts fed contaminated grains compared with that of gilts fed contaminated grains + GMA. The feeding of contaminated grains + GMA also increased (P = 0.026) the percentage of pigs born alive compared with gilts fed the contaminated diets. In conclusion, feeding gilts diets that are naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins can increase the incidence of stillborn piglets and this effect can be reduced by dietary supplementation with GMA. 相似文献
12.
An experiment was conduced to investigate the effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol on lactation, metabolism, and reproductive performance after weaning of first parturition sows and to evaluate the efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GMA). Thirty-six Yorkshire sows were fed 3 diets (n = 12 sows/diet) from 91 +/- 3 d of gestation up to weaning on d 21 after farrowing. Diets included 1) control, 2) contaminated grains, and 3) contaminated grains + 0.2% GMA. The variables measured include ADFI, average daily BW change, serum biochemistry, milk composition, BW of litters at weaning, and weaning to estrus interval. The feeding of contaminated grains and contaminated grains + GMA reduced ADFI (P < 0.001). The feeding of contaminated grains resulted in weight loss (P = 0.007), as did the feeding of contaminated grains + GMA (P = 0.028), compared with controls, which underwent a small weight gain. There were no differences between the sows fed contaminated grains and those fed contaminated grains + GMA in average daily BW change. On the day of farrowing, total serum protein concentrations were lower for sows fed contaminated grains compared with controls (P = 0.038) and for sows fed contaminated grains compared with sows fed contaminated grains + GMA (P = 0.019). Seven days after farrowing, serum urea concentrations were lower for sows fed contaminated grains (P = 0.049) and contaminated grains + GMA (P = 0.048) compared with controls. Milk composition was not affected by treatments. There were no effects of diet on BW of litters at weaning or mortality of piglets during lactation. There was a trend for increased weaning to estrus interval in sows fed contaminated grains (P = 0.09) or contaminated grains + GMA (P = 0.08) compared with controls. It was concluded that the feeding of diets naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins to lactating sows reduces feed intake and increases BW losses. The weaning to estrus interval also tends to be longer in sows fed contaminated diets. Supplementing contaminated feed with GMA could counteract the reduction in serum protein and serum urea observed in sows fed contaminated feed. 相似文献
13.
本试验旨在研究自然霉变玉米对断奶仔猪生长性能、肝脏结构与功能的影响,并初步探讨甘露寡糖可能的缓解作用。试验采用2×2因子设计,20头体重(8.10±0.32)kg的35日龄PIC断奶仔猪随机分为4组,分别饲喂添加不同水平霉变玉米(0、100%)和甘露寡糖(0、0.2%)的饲粮。结果表明:霉变玉米组仔猪全期平均日增重(P<0.01)和平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05);肝细胞发生严重颗粒和空泡变性,肝脏丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05)和Bax mRNA表达量极显著升高(P<0.01)。添加甘露寡糖极显著提高仔猪肝脏总抗氧化力(T-AOC)(P<0.01),缓解霉变玉米导致的肝脏病理损伤,且霉变玉米与甘露寡糖对T-AOC的影响具有显著的交互效应(P<0.01)。由此可见,自然霉变玉米降低仔猪生长性能,诱导肝脏氧化应激并损伤肝脏结构;添加甘露寡糖对自然霉变玉米导致的肝损伤有一定程度的缓解作用。 相似文献
14.
Swamy HV Smith TK MacDonald EJ Karrow NA Woodward B Boermans HJ 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(11):2792-2803
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth and immunological parameters of starter pigs. A polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GM polymer, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) was also tested for its efficacy in preventing Fusarium mycotoxicoses. A total of 150 starter pigs (initial weight of 9.3 +/- 1.1 kg) were fed one of five treatment diets (six pens of five pigs per diet) for 21 d. Diets included control, low level of contaminated grains, high level of contaminated grains, high level of contaminated grains + 0.20% GM polymer, and pair-fed control for comparison with pigs receiving the high level of contaminated grains. Feed intake and cumulative weight gain of pigs decreased linearly with the inclusion of contaminated grains in the diet throughout the experiment (P < 0.0001). Weight gains recovered, however, during wk 3 (P > 0.05). There was no difference between the pair-fed group and the pigs fed the diet containing the high level of contaminated grains in terms of weight gain or feed efficiency (P > 0.05). Feeding contaminated grains linearly increased the serum albumin:globulin ratio (P = 0.01), whereas serum urea concentrations and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities responded in a quadratic fashion (P = 0.02). When compared with the pair-fed pigs, serum concentrations of total protein (P = 0.01) and globulin (P = 0.02) were decreased in pigs fed the diet containing the high level of contaminated grains. The feeding of contaminated diets did not significantly alter organ weights expressed as a percentage of BW, serum immunoglobulin concentrations, percentages of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene, or primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (P > 0.05). It was concluded that most of the adverse effects of feeding Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated grains to starter pigs were caused by reduced feed intake. Although supplementation of GM polymer to the contaminated diet prevented some toxin-induced changes in metabolism, it did not prevent the mycotoxin-induced growth depression under the current experimental conditions. 相似文献
15.
Gutzwiller A Czeglédi L Stoll P Bruckner L 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(9-10):432-438
A feeding trial using 220 weaner pigs which comprised two experimental series was conducted to investigate the effects of diets contaminated with the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) and to test the hypothesis that apple pomace acts as an antidote to these mycotoxins. Two diets without contaminated wheat, containing either no pomace or 8% pomace, and two diets with naturally contaminated wheat (3.2 mg DON and 0.06 mg ZON, and 2.1 mg DON and 0.25 mg ZON per kg diet in series 1 and 2 respectively), containing either no pomace or 8% pomace were fed ad libitum for 5 weeks. Mycotoxin exposure lowered feed intake (p < 0.01) and growth (p = 0.05), and tended to decrease the energy conversion ratio (p = 0.06). Although the intake of apple pomace did not increase feed intake, it increased the growth rate (p = 0.04), mainly by restoring growth in the presence of mycotoxins (p = 0.08 for the interaction mycotoxin x pomace). In the first experimental series, the animals were immunized with a parvovirus vaccine. The percentage of seroconverting animals did not differ between the treatments (p = 0.56), which indicates that DON did not affect the humoral immune response. In the second experimental series, female piglets fed the contaminated diets had heavier uteri than piglets fed the uncontaminated diets (p < 0.01), regardless of pomace supplementation. The results show that pomace may alleviate the negative effect of DON on growth but does not counteract the hormonal effects of ZON. 相似文献
16.
Leung MC Smith TK Karrow NA Boermans HJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(10):1122-1129
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of feeding cereal-based diets that are naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins to dogs and assess the efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GMA) in prevention of Fusarium mycotoxicosis. ANIMALS: 12 mature female Beagles. PROCEDURES: Dogs received each of 3 cereal-based diets for 14 days. One diet was uncontaminated (control diet), and the other 2 contained contaminated grains; one of the contaminated diets also contained 0.2% GMA. Contaminants included deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fusaric acid. Food intake and nutrient digestibility, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, and clinicopathologic variables of the dogs were assessed at intervals during the feeding periods. RESULTS: Food intake and body weight of dogs fed the contaminated diet without GMA were significantly decreased, compared with effects of the control diet. Reductions in blood pressure; heart rate; serum concentrations of total protein, globulin, and fibrinogen; and serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and amylase as well as increases in blood monocyte count and mean corpuscular volume were detected. Consumption of GMA did not ameliorate the effects of the Fusarium mycotoxins. For the GMA-contaminated diet, digestibility of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid was significantly higher than that associated with the control diet, possibly because of physiologic adaptation of the recipient dogs to reduced food intake. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that consumption of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins can adversely affect dogs' feeding behaviors and metabolism. As a food additive, GMA was not effective in prevention of Fusarium mycotoxicosis in dogs. 相似文献
17.
Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on brain regional neurochemistry of starter pigs and broiler chickens. A polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GM polymer) was also tested for its efficacy in preventing Fusarium mycotoxicoses. In Exp. 1, a total of 150 starter pigs (initial weight = 9.3+/-1.1 kg) were fed five diets (six pens of five pigs per diet) for 21 d. Diets (as-fed basis) included control, 17% contaminated grains, 24.5% contaminated grains, 24.5% contaminated grains + 0.2% GM polymer, and a pair-fed control for comparison with pigs receiving 24.5% contaminated grains. In Exp. 2,360 1-d-old male broiler chicks were fed for 56 d one of four diets containing the same source of contaminated grains as was fed to pigs. The diets included control, 37% contaminated grains, 58% contaminated grains, and 58% contaminated grains + 0.2% GM polymer (as fed). Neurotransmitter concentrations in the cortex, hypothalamus, and pons were analyzed by HPLC. The following brain neurotransmitter alterations (P < or = 0.05) were observed. In pigs, inclusion of contaminated grains in the diet 1) linearly increased cortex 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT, serotonin) concentrations, while linearly decreasing hypothalamic tryptophan concentrations; 2) quadratically increased hypothalamic and pons 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA):5HT ratios, whereas the ratio decreased linearly in the cortex; and 3) linearly increased the ratio of hypothalamic 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid:dopamine (DA) concentrations, whereas hypothalamic norepinephrine (NRE) and pons DA and homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations linearly decreased. In broiler chickens, inclusion of contaminated grains in the diet 1) linearly increased concentrations of 5HT and 5HIAA in the pons and 5HT concentrations in the cortex; 2) linearly decreased 5HIAA:5HT ratio; and 3) linearly increased pons NRE, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, DA, and HVA concentrations. Supplementation of GM polymer to the contaminated diet decreased (P < 0.05) 5HT and 5HIAA concentrations in the cortex of pigs. It was concluded that the differences in alterations of brain neurochemistry might explain the species differences in the severity of Fusarium mycotoxin-induced feed refusal. 相似文献
18.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2016,(4)
Background: Zearalenone(ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin that is primarily produced by Fusarium fungi and has been proven to affect the reproductive capacity of many species to varying degrees. The present experiment was designed to study the maternal persistent effects of zearalenone toxicity in gestating sows on growth and muscle development of their offsprings, and the alleviation of zearalenone toxicity by modified halloysite nanotubes(MHNTs).Methods: Eighteen sows were fed with one of three dietary treatments that included the following:(1) a control diet,(2) a contaminated grain diet(with 50 % moldy corn, 2.77 mg/kg ZEN), and(3) a contaminated grain diet(with 50 %moldy corn, 2.76 mg/kg ZEN) + 1 % MHNTs. Each sow was exclusively fed its experimental diets from 35 to 70 d of gestation at a total of 2 kg daily. Muscle samples were collected from six piglets per treatment at birth, weaning and finishing.Results: The results showed that feeding the sows with the ZEN-contaminated diets from 35 to 70 d of gestation decreased the ADG, ADFI and G:F of their offsprings(P 0.05). The muscle fiber numbers in the newborn, weaning and growing-finishing pigs and the muscle fiber diameters at birth and weaning were also decreased by maternal ZEN exposure(P 0.05). The expressions of IGF-I, IGF-II, Myf-5 and Mstn at birth and IGF-II, Pax7, Myf-5 and Myo D1 at weaning were altered by feeding gestating sows with ZEN-contaminated diets(P 0.05). The MHNTs reduced most of the ZEN-induced toxic effects: the ADG and ADFI on growth performance, the muscle fiber numbers at weaning and finishing and the muscle fiber diameters at weaning(P 0.05). The expression levels of IGF-II and Mstn in newborn piglets and IGF-II and Myf-5 in weaning piglets were also prevented by adding 1 % MHNTs(P 0.05).Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the offsprings of sows fed with ZEN-contaminated diets from 35 to 70 day of gestation exhibited weakening on growth performance, physiological changes in their muscle fibers and alterations of m RNA expression in their muscle tissues, and also indicated that MHNTs prevented most of the ZENinduced weakening in the muscle tissues. 相似文献
19.
The feeding of Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated grains adversely affects the performance of swine and poultry. Very little information is available, however, on adverse effects associated with feeding these mycotoxin-contaminated grains on the performance of horses. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on feed intake, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations, serum chemistry, and hematology of horses. A polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GM polymer) was also tested for efficacy in preventing Fusarium mycotoxicoses. Nine mature, nonexercising, light, mixed-breed mares were assigned randomly to one of three dietary treatments for 21 d. The horses were randomly reassigned and the experiment was subsequently replicated in time following a 14-d washout interval. Feed consumed each day was a combination of up to 2.8 kg of concentrates and 5 kg of mixed timothy/alfalfa hay. The concentrates fed included the following: 1) control, 2) blend of contaminated grains (36% contaminated wheat and 53% contaminated corn), and 3) blend of contaminated grains + 0.2% GM polymer. Diets containing contaminated grains averaged 15.0 ppm of deoxynivalenol, 0.8 ppm of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 9.7 ppm of fusaric acid, and 2.0 ppm of zearalenone. Feed intake by all horses fed contaminated grains was reduced (P < 0.001) compared with controls throughout the experiment. Supplementation of 0.2% GM polymer to the contaminated diet increased (P = 0.004) feed intake of horses compared with those fed the unsupplemented contaminated diet. Serum activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase were higher (P = 0.047 and 0.027) in horses fed the diet containing contaminated grain compared with those fed the control diet on d 7 and 14, but not on d 21 (P = 0.273). Supplementation of GM polymer to the contaminated diet decreased (P < 0.05) serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activities of horses compared with those fed unsupplemented contaminated diet on d 7 and 14. Other hematology and serum chemistry measurements including serum IgM, IgG, and IgA, were not affected by diet. It was concluded that the feeding of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins caused a decrease in feed intake and altered serum gamma glutamyltransferase activities. The supplementation of GM polymer prevented these mycotoxin-induced adverse effects. 相似文献
20.
Swamy HV Smith TK MacDonald EJ Boermans HJ Squires EJ 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(12):3257-3267
The co-occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in contaminated swine diets has been shown to result in synergistic toxicity beyond that observed for individual toxins. An experiment was conducted, therefore, to investigate the effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth, brain regional neurochemistry, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations, serum chemistry, hematology, and organ weights of starter pigs. Three levels of glucomannan polymer (GM polymer, extract of yeast cell wall, Alltech Inc.) were also tested for its efficacy to overcome Fusarium mycotoxicoses. A total of 175 starter pigs (initial weight of 10 +/- 1.1 kg) were fed five diets (seven pens of five pigs per diet) for 21 d. Diets included (1) control, (2) blend of contaminated grains, (3) contaminated grains + 0.05% GM polymer (4) contaminated grains + 0.10% GM polymer and (5) contaminated grains + 0.20% GM polymer. Diets containing contaminated grains averaged 5.5 ppm deoxynivalenol, 0.5 ppm 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 26.8 ppm fuuric acid, and 0.4 ppm zearalenone. Feed intake and weight gain of all pigs fed contaminated grains was significantly reduced compared to controls throughout the experiment. The weights of liver and kidney, expressed as a percentage of body weight, were lower in pigs fed the contaminated diet than in those fed the control diet. The feeding of contaminated grains significantly reduced concentrations of dopamine in the hypothalamus and pons and concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and norepinephrine in the pons. The ratios of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to serotonin, however, were elevated in the hypothalamus and pons. The feeding of contaminated grains increased serum IgM and IgA concentrations, while serum IgG concentrations were not altered. The supplementation of GM polymer prevented some of the mycotoxin-induced alterations in brain neurotransmitter and serum Ig concentrations. In summary, the feeding of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins reduced growth, altered brain neurochemistry, increased serum Ig concentrations, and decreased organ weights in starter pigs. Some of the Fusarium mycotoxin-induced changes in neurochemistry and serum Ig concentrations can be prevented by the feeding of yeast cell wall polymer at appropriate concentrations, although this was not reflected in increased growth rate under these experimental conditions. 相似文献