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1.
Cyclocarya paliurus is native to China and is the sole species in its genus. However, the seeds remain deeply dormant for 2 years in their natural environment. We tested different pretreatments of chemical scarification and exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) for efficacy in breaking dormancy and speeding germination. In contrast to scarified seeds, non-scarified seed did not germinate, indicating that C. paliurus seeds have hard, impermeable seed coat dormancy. Exogenous application of GA3 significantly enhanced germination of scarified seeds. Compared with seeds stratified in sand with water, the germination of seeds stratified in sand moistened with 400 ppm GA3 for 60 days was significantly increased and germination rate was over 90% after 120 days. Analysis of variance indicated that both GA3 concentration and stratification medium had significant effects on seed germination and final germination percentage. Germination was higher for longer stratification periods, but no significant difference in germination was observed after 90 days. These results suggested that C. paliurus seeds exhibit both exogenous and endogenous dormancy. A combination of chemical scarification and exogenous application of GA3 alleviated seed dormancy in a relatively short period of time. 相似文献
2.
Most of the achenes produced by Rosa multibracteata Hemsl. & E. H Wilson are dormant on maturity and require pretreatment to stimulate germination. To investigate the mechanism of dormancy and to develop effective methods of improving germination, roles of the pericarp, testa, and embryo of R. multibracteata in regulating dormancy were studied by investigating the effect of different pretreatments on germination. The effects of temperature and water stress were also tested with achenes treated by warm plus cold stratification. In freshly harvested achenes, pericarps are permeable and the embryo fully developed, which eliminates the possibility of physical, morphological, or morphophysiological dormancy. Germination percentage remained low (<5%) despite softening the pericarp or even removing it fully. However, fully removing the testa improved germination significantly (39%), indicating the possible presence of germination inhibitors in the testa. Dry storage, scarification with sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and warm stratification proved ineffective by themselves but when combined with cold stratification, improved germination and shortened the cold stratification period needed to break dormancy. Dry storage for 68 weeks followed by cold stratification for 16 or 24 weeks resulted in maximum germination (72–79%) among all the treatments. In achenes scarified with H2SO4, germination increased with an increase in the duration of cold stratification. Neither gibberellic acid (GA3) nor ‘smoke water’ (water through which smoke had been bubbled for 2 h) had any positive effect on germination even on seeds that had been mechanically scarified or stratified. Both high temperature and water stress lowered germination in achenes treated with warm plus cold stratification. Our results suggest that R. multibracteata achenes have an intermediate physiological dormancy, and that dry storage for 68 weeks followed by cold stratification for 16 or 24 weeks is the best method for propagating R. multibracteata from seed. 相似文献
3.
Low seed germination is a major problem in commercial rose propagation and breeding and is species-dependent. The present work selected four rose species previously un-examined to explore effective methods for improving seed germination and the relevant dormancy mechanism and its levels in seven experiments. The results showed that both pulp and achenes from the four rose shrubs had chemical substances that significantly inhibited seed germination with the inhibitory effect was more pronounced in pulp extract than of achenes. Single treatments of H2SO4 scarification, short-term cold stratification (<16 weeks) or warm stratification were less effective in breaking dormancy as indicated by lower germination index than their combinations. Comprehensive comparisons showed that among the six treatments the most effective for breaking dormancy was H2SO4 scarification followed by warm plus cold stratification, then H2SO4 scarification followed by cold stratification and finally warm plus cold stratification. Scarification with H2SO4 for 2–4 h ordinal followed by warm stratification at 20 °C for 4 weeks and cold stratification at 5 °C for 8 weeks was the best pretreatment for increasing seed germination percentage for Rosa multibracteata (81.4 ± 2.9%), Rosa hugonis (13.1 ± 6.0%), and Rosa filipes (62.7 ± 5.7%); and H2SO4 scarification for 4 h followed by cold stratification at 5 °C for 12 weeks was the best pretreatment for Rosa sericea (46.7 ± 8.7%). Our results suggest that these four species have only physiological dormancy caused by integrative roles of pulp, pericarp and embryo. The level of physiological dormancy was ranked as R. hugonis > R. sericea > R. filipes > R. multibracteata. 相似文献
4.
Wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) is a widespread species found in all the Mediterranean areas. The spears are highly valued by consumers and owing to its frugality, this species is a feasible new crop with high income potential, especially for Mediterranean marginal areas. Currently, the cultivation of this species is limited because of its low and erratic seed germination that makes difficult the production of seedlings for plant propagation. In this research, non-after-ripened (1 month-old) and after-ripened seeds (dry stored at room temperature for 13 months) were exposed for 30 days in the dark to three moist stratification treatments: cold (5 °C), warm (23 °C) or no stratification; subsequently they were soaked for 12 h in warm water (35 °C) or not soaked. The effect of these pre-germination treatments on three germination parameters (germination percentage, time to 50% of final germination – T50 – and germination pattern) was studied, as well as some possible seed dormancy forms involved therein. The 1-year dry storage period proved to be effective in after-ripened seeds by enhancing seed sensitivity to the subsequent pre-germination treatments. After-ripened seeds exhibited higher and more rapid germination compared to non-after-ripened seeds. Soaking, cold or warm moist stratification had similar single effect on non-after-ripened seeds (27% germination). With after-ripened seeds, only soaking or warm stratification were effective (47% germination) when singularly applied, while cold stratification did not improve germination. By combining stratification and soaking treatments, a higher germination for both non-after-ripened and after-ripened seed-lots was achieved. The highest germination was obtained when after-ripened seeds were stratified and soaked (76%), without any significant difference between cold or warm stratification. Single or combined application of moist stratification (regardless of the temperature used) and soaking resulted always in a faster germination compared to that of no-treated seeds and especially with after-ripened seeds (T50 = 6 days). A non-deep type 1 physiological dormancy can be hypothesized for the seeds of this species. Low stratification temperature induce secondary dormancy in after-ripened seeds that can be removed by soaking them at 35 °C for 12 h. 相似文献
5.
Seeds of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) were treated and compared in this research to investigate seed dormancy class and level involved in this species. Four seed lots were compared: (i) freshly harvested seeds in 2007 (07Fr); (ii) freshly harvested seeds in 2008 (08Fr); (iii) after-ripened (AR) 2007 seeds dry stored in glass jars (ARg); (iv) AR 2007 seeds dry stored in paper bags (ARp). The 07Fr seeds were exposed to (1) chemical scarification combined with gibberellic acid (GA3) levels (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg L−1) and to (2) 28-day moist stratification at 5 and 23 °C, and two sequences of 5/23 °C combined with 0 and 400 GA3 mg L−1 levels, and (3) together to the 08Fr and AR seeds were exposed to 56-day moist stratification at 5, 23, or 5/23 °C. With the 08Fr and AR seed lots this last stratification treatment was combined with 0 or 800 GA3 mg L−1 levels. The dormancy depth of 08Fr (32% germination) was less than 07Fr seeds (2%). The latter after-ripened during dry storage and when stored in glass germinated more (47.5%) than in paper (12%). Stratification for 4 weeks was ineffective in improving germination of 07Fr seeds; when chemically scarified they did not germinate at all. The highest (nearly 70%) and the most rapid and uniform germination were observed for all the lots when they were warm stratified for 56 days. Warm stratification improved germination more than alternate temperature stratification, while cold stratification inhibited germination especially for the 08Fr and ARg lots, thus seeds seem not to have a morphological component to their dormancy. GA3 only improved germination of 07Fr seeds, at a low rate. A. acutifolius seeds fit the characteristics of a non-deep physiological dormancy. 相似文献
6.
The influence of seed maturity, seed storage and germination pre-treatments on seed germination of cleome (Cleome gynandra L.) were investigated. Seed maturation studies showed that capsules harvested at 18 days after anthesis possessed the highest dry weight with 19.2% moisture and 1% germination. Development of fresh-ungerminated seed was observed with increasing maturity of fruit, suggesting that cleome exhibited forms of seed dormancy. Storing mature seed at 15 °C and at room temperature for 5 months showed that seed dormancy was broken after 3 months under both storage regimes. When mature seeds were subjected to different treatments including various levels of GA3, KNO3, leaching, pre-chilling, soaking and pre-heating at different temperatures, it was found that pre-heating at 40 °C for period of 1–5 days was the most effective method in breaking dormancy in cleome. 相似文献
7.
A study was carried out to investigate the influence of desiccation and freezing followed by various presowing rehydration procedures on the desiccation sensitivity of the seed of Citrus suhuiensis cv. limau madu. The freshly harvested seeds of limau madu were desiccated under a broad range of relative humidity (RH) to various equilibrium water contents (g H2O g−1 dw). The desiccated and desiccated–frozen seeds were either directly sown under germination conditions or subjected to presowing rehydration procedures: seed preheating, prehumidification and osmoconditioning. The hydrated and desiccated seeds were sown in controlled germination conditions and the survival was evaluated 4–6 weeks after sowing. The results showed that desiccation progressively reduced the percentage of normal seedling of the seeds of limau madu and the viability is almost lost at water contents below 0.08 g H2O g−1 dw. The estimated desiccation sensitivity was substantially high (WC50 = 0.143 g H2O g−1 dw) when the desiccated seeds were rapidly rehydrated (uncontrolled rehydration). In contrast, seed prehumidification, preheating and osmoconditioning (controlled rehydration procedures) markedly enhanced normal seedling percentages decreasing the estimated values of WC50 (between 0.08 and 0.127 g H2O g−1 dw). While the rapidly rehydrated desiccated–frozen seeds were almost killed at water content of 0.15 g H2O g−1 dw, prehumidification and preheating have noticeably increased percentage of frozen seeds survival at the same water content. However, at water content of 0.21 g H2O g−1 dw preheating significantly (P < 0.05) increased percentage of normal seedling of the frozen seeds. Seed desiccation markedly reduced the percentages of germinated seeds with multiple seedlings. Seed controlled rehydration remarkably increased the survival of polyembryos. The beneficial effect of seed controlled rehydration on the survival of the desiccated seeds was pronounced at medium water contents (0.08–0.25 g H2O g−1 dw). 相似文献
8.
Passiflora mollissima, Passiflora tricuspis and Passiflora nov sp. are three passion fruit species occurring in Bolivia. Germination percentages and rates were determined for 11 different treatments. Per species, germination of 100 seeds was monitored every 3 days, during 90 days. Germination started after 9 days and 50% of final germination was reached within a month or less. Successful, recommended methods for P. mollissima are removing the basal point of seeds (27% germination) or removing the basal point in combination with pre-soaking seeds for 48 h in 50 ppm GA3 (18%). Pre-soaking seeds for 24 h in 400 ppm GA3 (42%) and removal of the basal point in combination with pre-soaking seeds for 48 h in 50 ppm GA3 (36%) are suggested methods to improve germination of P. nov sp. Removing the apical point of P. tricuspis seeds resulted in maximal germination (57%). No unique treatment gave satisfactory results for the three species tested. Exogenous dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy is present in the three species studied. Presence of physical dormancy was found in P. mollissima. 相似文献
9.
Seed collections of the wild relatives of cultivated blackberry and raspberry (Rubus species) are maintained at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR. Information on wild species germination requirements is rarely available, and germination may be poor or slow, making it difficult for scientists to use them for breeding improved cultivars. Eight diverse Rubus species in 6 of the 12 Rubus subgenera from seed stored at −20 °C for 1–23 years were studied. Seed weight, seed-coat thickness and hardness varied widely. Scarification with sulfuric acid (98% H2SO4) or sodium hypochlorite (14% NaOCl) was followed by germination treatments of deionized water (DI), smoke gas or a combination of gibberellic acid (2.03 mg/L GA3) and potassium nitrate (34 mg/L KNO3) during stratification. The commonly used scarification protocols were not effective for many species; but effective scarification exposure was established based on the amount of embryo damage seen with 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TZ) viability testing. H2SO4 scarification followed by a treatment with KNO3 and GA3 during stratification was highly effective for the most species. Two species in subgenus Anoplobatus had a hilar-end hole that allowed rapid germination of unscarified seed. Some species with extremely hard seed coats had little or no germination, and longer scarification times are suggested based on seed size, seed-coat thickness and hardness and viability testing. 相似文献
10.
Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) ‘Hamlin’ is a canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri: Xac) susceptible citrus genotype grown commercially worldwide. Canker causes severe economic losses and restricts the marketability of crop for export. Little is known about the role of oxidative stress in canker development. In the present investigation, sweet orange ‘Hamlin’ leaves were artificially inoculated with Xac to determine the impact of Xac infection on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism. Characteristic symptoms following artificial inoculation were water soaking of the infiltrated zone between 2 and 8 days after inoculation (dai); raised epidermis accompanying tiny yellow colored bacterial colonies at 8 dai; and yellowing and necrosis of the infected zone by 12–16 dai. In planta Xac population increased 1000 fold by 14 dai from an initial population of 7.3 × 106 cfu cm−2 (0 dai). Peak concentrations of H2O2 were observed at 24 h and between 8 and 10 dai and coincided with higher activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD). Lower levels of H2O2 in infected leaves were maintained by Xac induced higher activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD). It appears Xac altered H2O2 metabolism in C. sinensis L. Osb. ‘Hamlin’ to enhance survival and growth. 相似文献
11.
Kouakou Laurent Kouakou Irié Arsène Zoro Bi Yao Georges Abessika Tanoh Hilaire Kouakou Jean-Pierre Baudoin 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l−1 and 0.10 g l−1 KNO3, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10−3 g l−1 GA3 for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10−3 g l−1 and 3.46 × 10−4 g l−1 GA3, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species. 相似文献
12.
13.
Michelia yunnanensis Franch. is a Chinese endemic ornamental shrub with potential for greater utilization as a landscape and medicinal plant if propagation was less difficult. Seed development and breaking of seed dormancy were investigated to improve propagation of M. yunnanensis. No fresh seeds germinated when tested at the time of dispersal. Newly matured seeds of M. yunnanensis contained differentiated linear underdeveloped embryos that were physiologically dormant. The embryo/seed length ratio of M. yunnanensis was 0.15. Warm stratification did not break seed dormancy. Dormancy was broken by cold stratification at 4 °C but not by flowing water or nitrate. Embryos developed grew inside seeds during cold stratification at 4 °C. In newly harvested dormant seeds, embryos were 0.94 mm long and increased in length 139% before radicle emergence (germination). GA3 substituted for cold stratification to break dormancy in seeds of M. yunnanensis incubated at 25 °C or 20/25 °C. Mature M. yunnanensis seeds exhibited intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy. Optimal germination of non-dormant seed in terms of both germination percentage and rate occurred at 20/25 °C. 相似文献
14.
Data on the growth-promoting effects of Azospirillum on lettuce exposed to either normal or saline conditions, is scarce. Lactuca sativa L., cv Mantecosa seeds were colonized with A. brasilense Sp245 cells during imbibition. Germination percentages were determined after 7 d treatments with 0, 30, 50 or 80 mol m−3 NaCl. In another experiment, seeds germinated in Hoagland were irrigated for 30 d with 0, 30, 50 or 80 mol m−3 NaCl supplemented media. Vegetative growth proceeded in a growth chamber with a 13–11 h day–night cycle. Buffer-imbibed seeds were considered non-inoculated controls. Plant samples were taken at 0, 14, 20, and 30 d after the onset of NaCl treatments and dissected in aerial and root portions. The weights of both tissues were measured. Azospirillum-inoculated seeds had significantly higher germination percentages than controls in all treatments. Inoculated dried seeds stored up to 30 d maintained such characteristic in most of the treatments, particularly at 80 mol m−3 NaCl. Plants grown from inoculated seeds and irrigated with saline media displayed higher total fresh and dry weights and biomass partition to the aerial portion, than non-inoculated controls. Azospirillum-inoculated lettuce seeds had better germination and vegetative growth than non-inoculated controls after being exposed to NaCl. 相似文献
15.
To elucidate the physiological mechanism of heat stress mitigated by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) further, seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv Lvfeng no. 6 were subjected to two temperatures (42/38 and 25/18 °C) after pretreatment with 1.5 mM H2O2. We investigated whether exogenous H2O2 could protect chloroplast ultrastructure under heat stress (42/38 °C) and whether the protective effect was associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes. The heat condition disintegrated the membranes of 71.4% chloroplasts in the leaf cells and resulted in the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous H2O2. When H2O2 pretreatment was combined with the heat stress, the abnormal chloroplasts occurred at a rate of 33.3%, and the contents of MDA and endogenous H2O2 were decreased. Heat stress and exogenous H2O2 both increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2). The combined effect of heat stress and H2O2 pretreatment led to higher activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), GSH-Px, DHAR, MDHAR and GR in comparison to the heat treatment alone. We propose that exogenous H2O2 increases antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber leaves, decreases lipid peroxidation, and thus protects the ultrastructure of chloroplasts under heat stress. 相似文献
16.
The bitter gourd seed has a thick, hard seed coat. Mildew often occurs during germination and causes uneven and low rates of seed germination. However, the problems caused by mildew can be overcome by treating seeds with hot water, by soaking in water, or by using microorganisms. Seeds of the ‘Ching Pi’ bitter gourd were treated in a water bath at 60 °C for 10 min and then soaked in tap water at 25 °C for 24 h. The resulting germination percentage was 86.7%, and the resulting percentage of mildewed seeds was 10%. The biocontrol potential of three commercially available Bacillus subtilis solutions was examined. For seeds primed with Huodijun B. subtilis solution, the germination percentage was 73.3% and the mildewed percentage 6%. In dual cultures, the antibiotic content in the Huodijun B. subtilis solution was significantly greater than in Yunghsing and Huolibao, the other B. subtilis solutions examined. B. subtilis effectively inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani mycelium and caused abnormal mycelial growth. 相似文献
17.
Promotion by 5-aminolevulenic acid of pepper seed germination and seedling emergence under low-temperature stress 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of incorporating 5-aminolevulenic acid (ALA) into the priming solution on low-temperature germination and emergence percentage performance of red pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Sena) seeds before and after seed storage were investigated. Seeds were primed in 3% KNO3 solution for 6 days at 25 °C in darkness containing 0 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm or 100 ppm ALA. Following priming, seeds were either immediately subjected to germination and emergence tests at 15 °C or stored at 4 °C or 25 °C for 1 month after which they were subjected to germination and emergence tests at 15 °C. Priming pepper seeds in the presence of ALA improved final germination percentage (FGP) and germination rate (MGT) at 15 °C compared to non-primed seeds. The highest FGP was obtained from seeds primed in the presence of 25 ppm and higher ALA concentrations while the highest MGT was obtained from seeds primed in KNO3 supplemented with 10 ppm ALA. Emergence percentages were the highest for the seeds primed in the presence of 25 ppm ALA and 50 ppm ALA while non-primed seeds had the lowest emergence percentage. Highest emergence rates (MET) and heaviest seedlings were also obtained from seeds primed in KNO3 supplemented with 50 ppm ALA. Although all priming treatments improved germination and emergence performance of pepper seeds at 15 °C following 1 month of storage under two different temperatures, inclusion of 25 ppm and 50 ppm ALA into the priming solution resulted in higher germination and emergence percentages and faster germination and emergence compared to seeds primed in KNO3 only and non-primed seeds. These results indicate that priming seeds in 25 ppm and 50 ppm ALA incorporated into the KNO3 solution can be used as an effective method to improve low-temperature performance of red pepper seeds and that these seeds can be stored for 1 month at 4 °C or 25 °C and still exhibit improved germination and emergence performance at 15 °C. 相似文献
18.
In vitro germination and seedling development from Dendrobium Swartz. hybrid ‘Sena Red’, ‘Mini WRL’, ‘Jaquelyn Thomas’, and ‘BFC Pink’ seeds cryopreserved through vitrification (PVS2) were evaluated. Germination percentages after cryopreservation (LN) were variable among different controls and treatments, despite the initial high seed viability for all hybrids. Seeds exposed to PVS2 at ice temperature from 1 to 3 h prior to LN exhibited significantly higher germination than seeds exposed to PVS2 at room temperature for the same time periods. No significant differences in germination percentages were observed for time exposure to PVS2 at 1, 2 or 3 h for ‘Sena Red’, ‘Mini WRL’, and ‘BFC Pink’. Seeds of ‘Jaquelyn Thomas’ exposed to 1 h prior to LN showed higher germination percentage than for exposure to 2 or 3 h. The combination of a pre-cooling treatment (ice) with a dehydration treatment (PVS2) for a period of time of 1–3 h was essential to allow proper germination of cryopreserved seeds. Although variability in seed germination among different hybrids and treatments was observed, germination was above 50% of the controls and all germinated seeds developed into normal seedlings with healthy shoot and root formation. No abnormalities, nutritional deficiencies, or diseases were observed in developed seedlings and no significant differences were observed for seedling growth and development from germinated seeds among the different hybrids. Seedlings transplanted to pots acclimatized well and developed into normal plants within 6–8 months in greenhouse. Transplanted seedlings exhibited 100% survival for all hybrids. 相似文献
19.
In vitro propagation of Lychnis senno Siebold et Zucc., a rare plant with potential ornamental value
Lychnis senno is a rare and valued ornamental plant. Seed propagation is not efficient because of the low germination rate. To grow commercially L. senno in China, a protocol for in vitro germination and propagation of this species was developed. Various germination rates were obtained by treating seeds with GA3 during 1–6 months storage period. The highest germination rate reached 19.4% when seeds were treated with 250 mg/l GA3 and stored for 5 months at 4 °C. Axillary shoot proliferation was induced in the nodal segments of the seedlings on medium containing specific concentrations of BA and NAA [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497]. Maximum number of shoots was developed on a medium supplemented with 5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA, while the higher shoots were observed on a medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l NAA. Rooting was induced in 91.7% of the regenerated explants on a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA. The plantlets grew well and flowered after transfer to the greenhouse. The chromosome numbers of seedlings and propagated plants were also determined to be 2n = 2x = 24. 相似文献
20.
The present studies were undertaken with a view to standardize the medium and culture conditions for embryo culture of five cultivars of walnut viz., ACO 38853, Netar Akhrot, Gobind, Solding Selection and Blackmore. Embryos from mature fruits were aseptically excised and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of BAP, kinetin and GA3. Best performing medium was MS with 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin, 0.5 mg l−1 BAP and 2 mg l−1 GA3 yielding 66.6% germination in Netar Akhrot after 12 days of culturing. Percent germination of excised embryos was higher when GA3 and cold treatments were simultaneously applied as compared to those when applied separately. Netar Akhrot was found to be the best responding cultivar, which had a range of 25–66.6% embryo germination under different culture conditions. Plantlets with shoots and roots have been obtained in Netar Akhrot and ACO38853 and are transferred to soil after hardening. 相似文献