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1.
Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), Chinese cabbage (B. campestris ssp. pekinensis), chikale (B. campestris ssp. pekinensis × B. oleracea var. acephala hybrid) and turnip (B. campestris spp. rapifera) were studied. The proper plant size (number of true leaves) for the beginning of vernalization treatment was determined. All vernalization experiments commenced when the plants were 4 weeks old, with 5–7 true leaves. Plants were classified as bolters either through the visible appearance of flower buds at the apex, or by making longitudinal cuts through the apex if the flower buds were not visible. Cut plants with a pointed apex were classified as bolters. A definite relationship between the number of true leaves and bolting was observed for kale, the more difficult biennial species. 相似文献
2.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glucose on glucosinolates, antioxidants and metabolic enzymes in Brassica sprouts. After glucose treatment, total glucosinolates, phenolics and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were significantly enhanced in Chinese kale and pak choi sprouts, while only the anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents were increased in radish sprouts. These results indicate that glucose treatment has selectively improved the nutritional compounds in different Brassica sprouts. 相似文献
3.
Effects of treatments with gibberellic acid (GA3, 50 mg L−1 for 2 h) or carbon disulphide (CS2, 25 ml m−3 for four days) on breaking of dormancy and sprouting of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cvs Agria and Marfona) minitubers of different weight classes (0.3, 0.7 and 1.5 g) were investigated. The dormancy period tended to decrease with an increase in the weight of minitubers, whereas the number of sprouts per minituber, their length and fresh weight and the sprout mass per unit of sprout length of the longest sprout tended to increase with an increase in minituber weight. In both cultivars, applying GA3 or CS2 advanced breaking of dormancy, but GA3 was less effective in Marfona than in Agria. Advancing breaking of dormancy was associated with removal of apical dominance and therefore applying GA3 or CS2 also increased the number of sprouts per minituber, especially in Agria. In Agria, the dry matter content of sprouts from the CS2 treatment was higher than in the GA3 or control treatments, whereas in Marfona dry matter content of sprouts was highest in the GA3 treatment. The length of sprouts, fresh weight of sprouts and the sprout mass per unit of sprout length of the longest sprout were significantly enhanced by treating minitubers with GA3 or CS2 compared with the untreated control minitubers, but there were strong interactions with cultivar and minituber weight. These interactions are important in practical use of dormancy breaking methods. 相似文献
4.
Although tomato juice possesses properties which are inhibitory to seed germination, sprouting of seeds has been observed frequently in ripe tomatoes of mechanical harvest cultivars ‘VF 145’ and ‘VF 13L’. Juice from these cultivars was less inhibitory to tomato seed germination, as determined by bioassays, than that of other cultivars. There was no difference in the inhibition between juice from the pulp and that from the locular gel. Soluble solids accounted for 44% of the inhibition, osmotic concentration 2%, and pH only 0.2%; and the remainder came from other constituents in the juice. Abscisic acid and 2 unidentified substances in the juice isolated by extraction and chromatography were shown to inhibit seed germination; the degree varied with maturity and cultivar.Injection of abscisic acid into the vascular tissue of the stem scar inhibited sprouting within the fruit. Gibberellic acid and kinetin gave variable results, depending upon harvest dates. Fruits from plants grown in low potassium nutrient culture solutions had increased sprouting of seeds.Presented at the XXth International Horticultural Congress, Sydney, Australia, August 1978, Abstract 1189 相似文献
5.
E. Rosa F. M. V. Pereira R. Carvalho 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):974-978
SummaryBroccoli sprouts have been recognised as a rich source of glucosinolates, particularly 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate, the precursor of the potent anti-cancer compound, sulphoraphane. Previous results have shown that temperature can significantly affect the levels of glucosinolates. In this study, we showed how sprout age and storage temperature affected glucosinolate levels in broccoli sprouts grown under different temperature regimes. Experiments were conducted in growth cabinets with day/night temperature regimes of 30°/15°C, 22°/15°C and 18°/12°C. At 9, 10 and 11 d after sowing in the first temperature regime, 10, 11 and 12 d in the second, and 12, 13 and 14 in the third, sprouts were submitted to 4°C or 20°C to simulate refrigerated and room temperature storage. Sampling was done after 1 d or 2 d of exposure to these conditions. The results showed that total glucosinolate levels and the potential health effects of broccoli sprouts depended on the growth temperature regime (P < 0.05), the age of the sprouts (P < 0.001), and the storage conditions (P < 0.01). The highest total glucosinolate levels (65.7 µmoles g–1 dry weight) were obtained under the 30º/15°C temperature regime for the youngest sprouts (harvested 9 d after emergence), after being submitted to a storage temperature of 4°C for 24 h. However, these levels were much lower than in 3-d-old sprouts. Consuming old sprouts provides less health-protective effects due to reduced levels of glucosinolates. 相似文献
6.
以结球甘蓝早熟品种8398和中熟品种京丰1号为试材,分别在植株长至7片和9片真叶时进行绿体春化处理18和21d,再进行37℃高温春化逆转12h,研究结球甘蓝高温春化逆转过程中内源激素含量的变化。结果表明:在高温春化逆转过程中,结球甘蓝植株体内GA3含量变化不大,IAA含量呈上升趋势,ABA含量呈下降趋势。与低温春化的对照相比,在高温春化逆转结束时,GA3和ABA含量显著降低,而IAA含量显著升高。低水平的GA3和ABA含量和高水平的IAA含量有利于春化逆转完成。 相似文献
7.
蔬菜日光温室高效种植模式的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在３种类型的日光温室中进行了４种种植模式的比较试验。结果表明，３种类型的日光温室在最冷的１月份最低温度均能保持在４℃以上，以当前河北省中南部地区流行的ＣＫ型日光温室保温效果最好；４种种植模式中以Ａ（黄瓜→套种油菜或蒜苗→番茄→平菇）、Ｂ（黄瓜→套种油菜或蒜苗→黄瓜→番茄→蒜苗）两种效益最高，平均年产鲜菜每公顷分别为４９４ｔ和４０５ｔ，年纯收入分别为５３万元和５４万元。适于北方地区推广。 相似文献
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A tissue culture technique has been devised to produce plants of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea v. capitata L.f. alba) from heads stored at 0.5 ± 0.5°C for 8 months. Meristem-tips (0.5–2 mm diameter), excised from heads of 11 accessions, were grown initially on MS medium containing 2.56 mg l?1 of kinetin and then induced to proliferate shoots on MS medium with 12.8 mg l?1 kinetin. Subsequent transfer to a kinetin-free medium resulted in root development in 1–2 weeks. Rooted plantlets were readily established in soil. Plantlets obtained in this way from parent cabbages containing turnip mosaic virus remained infected. 相似文献
10.
S. Tokumasu 《Scientia Horticulturae》1975,3(3):267-273
The dormancy of seeds which were consecutively preserved in harvested fruits has been studied in three species of Brassica, i.e., B. japonica, B. napus and B. cernua. In B. napus and B. cernua fresh seeds lost their dormancy in 3 months when they were separated from fruits immediately after harvest, whereas seeds showed the prolongation of dormancy for as long as more than 2 years when they were preserved in harvested fruits. In B. japonica mature seeds lost their dormancy in a month after harvest, whether they were preserved in fruits or not. When the seeds which had been preserved in fruits were separated from the fruits, their dormancy disappeared rapidly. 相似文献
11.
Kh. Salimi M.B. Hosseini R. Tavakkol-Afshari P.C. Struik 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):461-464
SummaryThe effects of a post-harvest application of gibberellic acid (GA3) at various concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, or 100 mg l–1) and for different periods of incubation (1, 2, or 3 h) on the breaking of dormancy and on sprouting in potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Marfona) minitubers of two ages (freshly-harvested or 1 week after harvest) were investigated. Compared with untreated, control minitubers, GA3-treated minitubers showed a significantly shorter period of dormancy (46 d), especially when the minitubers were treated at all concentrations immediately after harvest (41 d). GA3 treatment had a greater effect on dormancy in freshly-harvested minitubers than in 1 week-old minitubers, probably because of the reduced uptake of GA3 solution after skin-set. At lower concentrations of GA3, the period of dormancy tended to decrease the longer the minitubers were immersed in the GA3 solution. In contrast, at higher concentrations of GA3, the duration of immersion only had an effect up to 2 h and any longer immersion was ineffective. The average number of sprouts was not affected by GA3 concentration, or by the time of incubation, but was significantly higher for freshly-harvested minitubers (1.4) than for 1 week-old minitubers (1.2). The lengths of the sprouts increased with an increase in GA3 concentration, especially in freshly-harvested minitubers. Consequently, immersing freshly-harvested potato minitubers in a low concentration of GA3 (up to 25 mg l–1) for up to 3 h effectively shortened the period of dormancy and led to the formation of sprouts of optimum length. 相似文献
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13.
Based on the antioxidant properties of essential oils, the effect of thyme, coriander, and rosemary was evaluated on the reduction of peroxidase in white cabbage “Brassica oleraceae var.capitata f. alba” and red cabbage “B. oleraceae var. capitata f. rubra”. To do this, pure, 50, 75, 100 and 200 μl/100 ml concentrations of essential oils were applied in vivo and in vitro of cabbages. Antioxidant activity of the essential oils was compared with that of ascorbic acid. Results revealed that the highest percentage of antioxidant activity was achieved in vitro using a pure concentration of coriander (52.65%) and rosemary (54.64%), and in vivo applying thyme (60.07%) of white cabbage. Applying in vitro pure concentration of coriander (46.39%) and 50 μl/100 ml of rosemary (41.64%), and in vivo 75 μl/100 ml of thyme (42.64%) in red cabbage showed high antioxidant activity. A high reduction of peroxidase was obtained in vitro using of essential oils in red and white cabbages. 相似文献
14.
The contents of ascorbic acid, glucosinolates, sulforaphane, anthocyanins, total phenolics, the activity of myrosinase and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and the antioxidant activity of broccoli sprouts grown under 88 mM and 176 mM of sucrose and mannitol were investigated. The results showed that the contents of sulforaphane, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins in broccoli sprouts were significantly increased after treatment with 88 mM of sucrose compared with the control. The contents of glucosinolates and total phenolics, the activity of PAL and the antioxidant activity in broccoli sprouts treated with 176 mM sucrose were also significantly increased, whereas the activity of myrosinase was significantly reduced. On the other hand, the contents of glucosinolate, sulforaphane and total phenolics in broccoli sprouts were also significantly increased after treatment with 176 mM of mannitol, although the contents of sulforaphane were markedly reduced compared to those treated with 176 mM of sucrose. Sucrose might induce the production of health-promoting compounds through its role of signaling, generating osmotic pressure or serving as a substrate. These results indicate that sucrose treatment could improve the nutritional value of broccoli, and the sprouts growing under adequate concentration of sucrose could benefit our diet by producing more health-promoting compounds. 相似文献
15.
在果实发育早期,ZT(玉米素)和IAA(生长素)两种生长促进激素都处在较高的水平,以后随果实发育都呈逐渐下降之势。在果实发育后期,果皮中ZT和IAA又逐渐上升,出现第二次峰值,与果实的第二次生长高峰有密切关系。ABA(脱落酸)在幼果发育早期含量也处于较高水平,以后果皮中ABA含量逐渐下降,直到果实成熟未见回升;而种子内ABA在果实发育后期又连续升高,并在成熟前出现第二次峰值,对后期种子和果实的成熟有重要作用。设施栽培对果实内源激素的变化规律有重要影响,并且发现受影响较大的是那些在果实发育某一时期含量变化幅度较大或有重要生理作用的内源激素。果实内源激素变化对设施栽培的反应与生长发育对设施栽培的反应表现出高度吻合。 相似文献
16.
R. C. Bhattacharya M. Maheswari V. Dineshkumar P. B. Kirti S. R. Bhat V. L. Chopra 《Scientia Horticulturae》2004,100(1-4):215-227
The bacterial betA gene for biosynthesis of glycinebetaine was transferred to cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) cultivar ‘Golden Acre’ through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of hypocotyl explants. Transgenic status was established through Southern hybridization and mRNA expression in the shoots. The transformants exhibited higher tolerance to NaCl stress compared to untransformed parent plants. In physiological assessment of salinity tolerance, transgenics showed better growth response and greater stability in maintaining plant water relations at increasing levels of salinity. These results demonstrate that engineering glycinebetaine biosynthetic pathway into cabbage can lead to enhanced salt tolerance. 相似文献
17.
T.H. Thomas 《Scientia Horticulturae》1983,20(1):45-51
Decapitation of young Brussels sprout plants (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera) which had just produced axillary buds stimulated the development of the upper axillary buds, but this was partially prevented by application of auxin to the decapitated stem. Removal of leaves also stimulated axillary bud outgrowth, even in the absence of decapitation, but only when some of the leaves were left attached. Removal of leaves from the top half of the stem was very effective in stimulating bud outgrowth, whereas removal of basal leaves was ineffective. Steam-girdling the middle of the stem resulted in enhanced axillary bud growth below the girdle and was more effective in defoliated than in leafy plants. The role of the leaves and stem apex in controlling the movement of nutrients and hormones to axillary buds is discussed. 相似文献
18.
Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC) is an invasive shrub, widely naturalized across the United States, whose numerous cultivars remain an important horticultural commodity. Maintaining this crop for the future necessitates the development of sterile clones. Exposure to the mitotic inhibitors colchicine and oryzalin is a traditional method for inducing tetraploidy in breeding lines as a precursor to creating sterile genotypes. Treatments utilized pre-germinated B. t. var. atropurpurea seeds with emerged radicles. Seeds were immersed in aqueous solutions of colchicine (.02%, .05%, .1% and .2%) and oryzalin (.002%, .005%, .01% and .02%) dissolved in 1% DMSO for 6, 12 and 24 h durations. Seedling ploidy level was determined via flow cytometry following 6 and 52 weeks of growth in the greenhouse. Both anti-mitotic chemicals proved effective at inducing tetraploidy and produced comparable efficiency rates. The survival rate of treated seeds decreased in response to both increased mitotic inhibitor concentration and longer exposure duration. While exposure to oryzalin produced greater seed mortality than colchicine, most seedlings that survived had altered ploidy levels. The most efficient oryzalin concentration was 0.002% with a rating of 28%, while the most efficient colchicine concentrations were in the range from 0.05% to 0.2%. Duration of exposure to mitotic inhibitor was not a significant factor over the range from 6 to 24 h. Reversion of tetraploid plants to the diploid state occurred at a low frequency following a dormancy period. Some tetraploid seedlings derived from exposure to both chemicals displayed foliar abnormalities including irregular leaf margins and mottled lamina. The primary advantage of colchicine was low seedling toxicity, while oryzalin was notable for its ability to induce tetraploidy at low concentrations. 相似文献
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The effects of low boron (B) on plant growth, photosynthesis, B concentration and distribution of ‘Newhall’ orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) plants grafted on either Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) or Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] rootstocks were investigated. One-year-old plants of the two scion-rootstock combinations were grown for 183 days in sand:perlite (1:1, v/v) medium under greenhouse conditions. The plants were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solutions containing four B concentrations (0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.25 mg l−1). The growth of root, stem of scion and leaves was less affected by low B treatments when ‘Newhall’ scion was grafted on Carrizo citrange than on Trifoliate orange. Thus, the growth of scions under low B conditions was mainly depended on the rootstock used, i.e., Carrizo citrange-grafted plants were more tolerant to low B compared to the plants grafted on Trifoliate orange. Boron concentrations in all plant parts decreased significantly by decreasing the B supply in the nutrient solution. Leaves were the dominant sites of B accumulation and showed the greatest reduction in B concentration compared to the other plant parts, as B concentration in the nutrient solution decreased. Irrespective of the rootstock, B levels in the upper–younger leaves were substantially higher than in basal-older leaves when plants were exposed to low B concentrations (≤0.05 mg l−1), suggesting that under such conditions B was preferentially translocated to upper–younger leaves to support their growth. Furthermore, B distribution in different plant parts indicated that there was a restriction in translocation of B from root to scion tissues (stems and leaves of scion) under conditions of limited B availability. In addition, low B treatments decreased leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate but increased intercellular CO2 concentration in the leaves of ‘Newhall’ plants, irrespective of the rootstock used. 相似文献