首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2006,107(3):264-270
In this paper, we present a method to find DNA markers for traits of interest in lychee cultivars (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) using high-annealing temperature random amplified polymorphic DNA (HAT-RAPD) as an initial screening method. Using 5 arbitrary random primers, a wide range of polymorphic bands ranging from 200 to 5200 bp were produced. Bands of interest were then selected for sequencing and conversion to the more reproducible and robust sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Specifically, SCAR markers were found that distinguished lychee varieties requiring a sustained interval at low temperatures for flower induction versus those varieties that do not require such an environment, and another SCAR marker was found that amplified only the economically important Kom cultivar. These sequences shared similarity to known transposons suggesting a mechanism by which the temperature insensitivity may have initially developed.  相似文献   

2.
Paphiopedilum armeniacum, Paphiopedilum micranthum and Paphiopedilum delenatii are endangered orchid species. These three Paphiopedilum species and their hybrids are difficult to distinguish morphologically. In this study, rDNA-ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences were used to design species-specific SCAR (sequence characterized amplified regions) markers to distinguish P. armeniacum, P. micranthum, P. delenatii and their respective hybrids. The developed markers efficiently amplified 600 bp DNA product for P. armeniacum and its hybrids (SCAR-600armF/Pap-ITS2R), 300 bp product for P. delenatii and its hybrids (SCAR-300delF/Pap-ITS2R) and 700 bp product for P. micranthum and its hybrids (SCAR-700micF/Pap-ITS2R). The effectiveness of designed species-specific markers was also confirmed by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification with a combination of developed three SCAR markers.  相似文献   

3.
Integration of previously developed Allium cepa linkage maps requires the availability of anchor markers for each of the eight chromosomes of shallot (A. cepa L. common group Aggregatum). To this end, eight RAPD markers originating from our previous research were converted into SCAR markers via cloning and sequencing of RAPD amplicons and designing of 24-mer oligonucleotide primers. Of the eight pairs of SCAR primers, seven resulted in the amplification of single bands of the original RAPDs, and the remaining primer set amplified an additional band. The results of Southern hybridization using RAPD amplicons from genomic DNA of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.)—shallot monosomic addition lines indicated that five SCAR markers were single shallot chromosome-specific markers and were not detected in genomic DNA of A. fistulosum. The eight SCAR primer pairs were applied to other Allium species and exhibited three types of amplification profiles, namely RAPD amplicons observed only in shallot, in shallot and Allium vavilovii, and in several Allium species. A mapping study using 65 F2 plants generated by the selfing of one interspecific cross A. cepa × Allium roylei individual integrated the SCAR marker SAOE17500 into chromosome 5 as expected. The results of the present study show that the eight SCAR primer sets specific to shallot can facilitate the mapping in A. cepa and can also serve as anchor points between maps of different Allium species.  相似文献   

4.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,103(4):473-478
A combined method of sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) primers and Touchdown-PCR was used for the development of a female DNA marker in Pistacia vera L. The random decamer primer OPO-08 amplified a 905-bp fragment in all female trees, but also in several males. SCAR primers designed on the basis of the RAPD female molecular marker amplified a 905-bp female and a 909-bp male fragment. Sequencing these fragments revealed high homology, with several point mutations, four deletions in female and one in the male sequences. A second internal set of SCAR primers designed on the basis of a polymorphic locus, in combination with Touchdown-PCR technique, amplified a specific female 297-bp product. The diagnostic reliability of the new female specific marker was verified on 54 different genotypes. The method reported here offers a simple and reproducible way for early gender determination in P. vera.  相似文献   

5.
Five waterlily cultivars, with good pod setting and completely formed flowers, from the subgenus Nymphaea (hardy waterlily) were used as pod (female) parent. Waterlilies from subgenera Anecphya (2 entities) and Brachyceras (20 entities), specifically the blue-flowered ones, were used as pollen (male) parent for transferring blue-flowered characteristic to the hardy waterlily. Hybridization of subgenus Nymphaea with subgenus Anecphya was unsuccessful. A successful crossing was obtained between the subgenera Nymphaea and Brachyceras, yielding one pod with 244 seeds, from which only 39 seeds germinated and yielded 20 good intersubgeneric hybrid plants. The characteristics of the hybrids were categorized by their flower colors into two groups, a pink-flowered group with 17 hybrids and a blue-flowered group with 3 hybrids. In the blue-flowered group, there was a prominent one with beautiful blue-purple flower, which was determined by PCR-RFLP markers to be a hybrid between Nymphaea and Brachyceras subgenera, as well as inherited some plant characteristics, for example, ovary carpel, leaf (pad), rootstock, position of flower at flowering from the parent. The blue-purple flowered hybrid had important characteristics inherited from the hardy waterlily (subgenus Nymphaea); therefore, the hybrid has been named Nymphaea ‘Siam Blue Hardy’ to honor the birth place and its distinct flower color.  相似文献   

6.
The pedigrees of most rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) cultivars can be traced back to four wild selections, ‘Ethel’, ‘Clara’, ‘Myers’, and ‘Black Giant’; thus, they result from a very narrow germplasm base and are highly related. Until now randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) has been the only type of molecular marker used in rabbiteye blueberry. Here we have tested whether a type of sequence-tagged site (STS) marker which utilizes specific ∼20-mer primers from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum), called EST-PCR markers, are useful for genetic fingerprinting and relationship studies in rabbiteye blueberry. Of 44 EST-PCR primer pairs, from an assortment of genes expressed in flower buds of cold acclimated and non-acclimated plants, and shown to amplify polymorphic fragments among a collection of highbush genotypes, 40 (91%) resulted in successful amplification, and 33 of those (83%) amplified polymorphic fragments among the rabbiteye genotypes. The average number of scorable bands per primer pair was two. A dendrogram constructed from genetic similarity values, based on the EST-PCR marker data, tended to group siblings and parent/progeny together, generally agreeing with pedigree information. A group of 20 markers from five EST-PCR primer pairs distinguished all the genotypes in this study. These markers are as easy to generate and as affordable as RAPDs, but are based on actual gene sequences, and should have general utility for DNA fingerprinting, genetic diversity, and mapping studies.  相似文献   

7.
For successful conservation and domestication of a species, evaluation of its genetic diversity by different markers is important. Morphological characteristics, phytochemical variation and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles were generated in different accessions of Podophyllum hexandrum in order to determine the genetic diversity. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed a high degree of genetic diversity among the accessions used in the study. There was also high diversity in the concentration of marker compounds in the collected samples as revealed by HPLC analysis. It is shown that the approaches used in the work successfully discriminate between the accessions of this species and thus they constitute interesting tools to analyze molecular, biochemical and phenotypic diversity within this species. Similarity measurement using UPGMA followed by cluster analysis resulted in formation of many groups based on geographical distribution that generally reflected expected trends between the genotypes. There were also some important exceptions like PW-S, an accession from Wastoorwan, Khrew showing close resemblance to PG-S and PG-B collected from Gulmarg but grown at two different gene banks at Srinagar and Bonera. Further an accession PSH-B from Keller was significantly diverse from the rest of the native genotypes phytochemically, morphologically and at molecular level. RAPD data analysis was found to be significant predictor of phytochemical markers in cultivated P. hexandrum germplasm. Twelve accessions grown in gene bank repository were subjected to RAPD analysis and were assessed for content of podophyllotoxin and podophyllotoxin β-d-glycoside by HPLC. Individual regressions of podophyllotoxin and podophyllotoxin β-d-glycoside by RAPD analysis against HPLC has been found to determine linear values. Strong correlation and a strong association of values of the phytochemical variables and the DNA polymorphism data has been recorded.  相似文献   

8.
For the first time, reciprocal intergeneric hybridizations were produced between Opisthopappus taihangensis and Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium without emasculation. About 20% seed set was similarly obtained from reciprocal hybridization. Only 5 and 6 of the viable plants observed from 45 and 78 seedling survived present some conspicuous intermediate characteristics. Phenotypic evaluation among the progenies of the parents and the putative hybrids was performed carefully since an average of 5.3% seed set was produced in the type of self-pollination using pollen from the same flower and >10% seed set was similarly obtained in the types of self-pollination using pollen from different flowers in a plant and flowers in individual plants from different seeds. One individual of each hybrid shared the inflorescence habit with the pollen plant was confirmed further by the sequence of ncpGS. The two hybrids might be used as bridges of breeding of multi-generic hybrids.  相似文献   

9.
In the present study, phenotypic variability of 80 plum (Prunus domestica L.) varieties maintained in the French National Plum Collection was evaluated with 19 quantitative traits. In addition, genetic diversity and genetic structure was studied in three plum species (P. domestica L., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and Prunus spinosa L.) using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers and five single sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Based on phenotypic traits, some varieties, such as mirabelle plums, grouped together. Bayesian structure analysis was used to identify different genetic groups, whereby damson plums were clearly distinguished from greengage plums. When examining the three species together, a higher level of cpDNA allelic richness was found in P. cerasifera and in P. spinosa than in P. domestica where only five cpDNA haplotypes were detected in the national plum collection, with one main haplotype that accounted for 80% of the varieties studied. P. domestica cpDNA haplotypes tended to group together with P. cerasifera haplotypes whereas most of P. spinosa haplotypes formed a separate cluster. SSR markers were somewhat able to distinguish the three species. These results provide some clues as to the origin of plum and the various plum varieties. Our results also provide useful information for the management of plum genetic resources.  相似文献   

10.
Gentian is one of the most important ornamental flowers in Japan. Gentiana triflora, G. scabra and their interspecific hybrids are the main breeding materials. Gentian cultivars are easily proliferated vegetatively, therefore it is important to develop a reliable discrimination method to prevent the illegal propagation and distribution of various high-value cultivars. Here, we report five sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers based on the length polymorphisms in introns of four gentian flavonoid biosynthetic genes. These SCAR markers effectively discriminated nine gentian cultivars and nine breeding lines. This method could be applied in identifying gentian cultivars/lines and therefore will aid in protecting breeders’ rights.  相似文献   

11.
SRAP analytic system was used to assess genetic diversity of Rehmnnia glutinosa. Twenty-three Rehmnnia glutinosa cultivars were screened with 288 primer combinations, of which 13 produced stable and reproducible amplification patterns in three repetitive experiments. Among a total of 338 amplified fragments, 306 (90.5%) were polymorphic, with an average of 23.5 fragments for each primer combination. The percentage of polymorphic bands for each primer combination varied from 58.3 to 100%. The cultivars had a similarity ranging from 0.335 to 0.713 with a mean of 0.518. Shannon's diversity index and expected heterozygosity were 0.3217 and 0.2008, respectively. Based on the cluster, which were conducted on the similarity matrix of SRAP marker data, the cultivars were divided into four groups at the 20 rescaled distance cluster combine. The results demonstrated that SRAP is a stable marker technique for the assessment of genetic diversity of Rehmannia glutinosa cultivars, and that the level of genetic diversity among them from different production areas was relatively high.  相似文献   

12.
A rapid and reliable method to accurately identify hybrids at an early age is essential to the success of Leucadendron breeding programs because identification based on morphology can be difficult or impossible when the seedlings are young. DNA based PCR-RFLP and random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) markers were developed for this purpose. Unexpected non-parental fragments appeared during the PCR-RFLP analysis of the nuclear ITS region of L. uliginosum 05 × L. procerum 04 hybrids. Mixing DNA from both parents in a single PCR also produced the non-parental fragment, suggesting that PCR recombination had introduced a novel restriction site into the products from the hybrids. Sequencing of individual amplified ITS products from the hybrids confirmed this conclusion. To avoid this complication, RAMP markers were developed for accurate hybrid identification in Leucadendron. RAMP analysis generated a considerable number of polymorphic products, and showed more discrimination in identifying Leucadendron hybrids than did PCR-RFLP.  相似文献   

13.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,88(3):235-241
The flower pigment constitutions of nine hybrids with pink, reddish purple, purple, orange and yellow flowers obtained from the crossings and back-crossings using Polianthes tuberosa ‘Single’ and ‘Double’ and Polianthes howardii were analysed. Among the parents and hybrids, two white flowered cultivars of P. tuberosa had neither carotenoids nor anthocyanins, one hybrid had only carotenoids, four hybrids had only anthocyanins and an additional other four hybrids along with P. howardii had both carotenoids and anthocyanins in their petals. The main anthocyanidin in the petals of anthocyanin containing flowers is cyanidin with which some hybrids also contained delphinidin. Inducing of the anthocyanins and carotenoids from P. howardii into P. tuberosa can contribute to the extension of the diversity of flower colours in further tuberose breeding.  相似文献   

14.
桃果实有毛/无毛性状的SCAR标记   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11  
 以桃品种‘京玉’和‘美味’的正反交69株F1 群体为试材, 利用RAPD技术扩增出了与桃果实有毛/无毛性状(G/ g) 连锁的2 258 bp的多态性片段, 经克隆、测序后, 根据获得的序列重新设计了两对引物进行SCAR转化。引物对BFP94 /BFP95在有毛和无毛个体中均扩增出了2 258 bp的片段, RAPD显示的多态性消失。利用引物对BFP96 /BFP98成功将RAPD标记转化成了SCAR标记, 并命名为SCP2022258。该标记仅在果实有毛的个体中出现, 与有毛/无毛性状的连锁距离为718 cM, 且扩增稳定, 为桃果实有毛/无毛性状育种的分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。  相似文献   

15.
The ‘Genome database for Rosaceae (GDR)’ provides a large collection of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) harboring simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from several Rosaceae genera, including Rosa (rose). Primer pairs flanking SSR were designed for 312 unique Rosa ESTs based on GDR database. Eight rose (Rosa hybrida L.) genotypes were tested for PCR amplification, and 287 (92%) of the primer pairs generated allele-specific PCR bands that were readily scored. From 183 (63.7%) primer pairs that evidenced polymorphic alleles among the eight rose cultivars, 20 pairs evidencing EST sequence homology to known gene functions and high levels of polymorphism were selected and utilized for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity assessments of 47 rose hybrids. A total of 202 polymorphic bands were scored and generated unique fingerprints for each rose hybrid. The Nei–Li genetic similarity coefficients among 1081 pair-wise comparisons of 47 cultivars exhibited a broad range of genetic variations from 0.30 (‘Grand King’ and ‘Carnival’) to 0.99 (‘First Red’ and ‘Red Champ’). UPGMA cluster analysis divided 47 hybrids into five major groups and two sub-groups. The cross-species transferability of 273 EST-SSR primer pairs was evaluated using four genotypes of the strawberry, a genus member of the Rosaceae family. PCRs on the DNA samples of strawberry were successful for 165 primer pairs; among these, 123 pairs amplified 243 polymorphic bands. As surrogates of the marker transfer, the phenetic relationship among the four strawberry genotypes was evaluated. Genetic similarity coefficients varied from 0.78 (‘Maehyang’ and ‘Janghyee’) to 0.64 (‘Janghyee’ and ‘Pragana’). The results of cluster analysis showed that the three octaploid strawberry cultivars were quite similar, whereas the diploid ‘Pragana’ was related distantly at the genomic DNA level. The EST-SSR markers developed in the present study can be efficiently utilized for genetic diversity studies in Rosaceae.  相似文献   

16.
Orchids are commercially important plants with flowers that are unique and very specialized in shape and color. The flowers consist mostly of sepals, lateral petals, lip (labellum) and column, and are zygomorphic and resupinate. Whereas most orchid species have petaloid tepals in the first and second whorls, Habenaria radiata has a flower with greenish sepals and white lateral petals and lip. ‘Hishou’, one of the cultivars of H. radiata, is a floral homeotic mutant and has a petaloid median sepal and lip-like lateral sepals in the first whorl. Additionally, this cultivar often has non-resupinate flowers whereas wild-type H. radiata flowers are resupinate. In the present study, we investigated the genetic inheritance of these characters in the ‘Hishou’ cultivar by crossing it with wild-type plants. Some intraspecific hybrids, which were confirmed by PCR-RFLP analysis, had flowers with a petaloid median sepal and lip-like lateral sepals in the first whorl, indicating that these were dominant characters. Since the remainder of the intraspecific hybrids had wild-type flowers, these characters must be heterozygous in ‘Hishou’ plants. Although ‘Hishou’ plants had non-resupinate flowers, intraspecific hybrid flowers were resupinate, even though they had the petaloid median sepal and lip-like lateral sepals. This result indicates that non-resupination must be a recessive character. Since sepal-petalization and triple lip characters of ‘Hishou’ inherited dominantly, these characters can be utilized for the breeding of Habenaria species by intra- and interspecific crosses.  相似文献   

17.
The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of DNA was used to characterize 34 pomegranate cultivars. By using a combination of six primers, a total of 327 markers were scored with a mean of 57.5. The high percentage of polymorphic bands (ppb) of 94.7 and the resolving power (Rp) collective rate value of 129.14 were scored. Data proved that the tested primers were informative to discriminate among cultivars and to survey the genetic diversity in this fruit crop. It has been assumed that the local pomegranate germplasm is characterized by a typically continuous genetic diversity. The derived dendrogram proved that cultivars are clustered independently from their geographical origin and their denomination. In addition, AFLP permitted the generation of a nearly unlimited number of molecular markers that are reliable in differentiating the cultivars and/or the polyclonal varieties.  相似文献   

18.
玫瑰自然杂交后代数量分类及SCoT标记研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
王玉  于晓艳  丰震  赵明远  齐宇  赵兰勇 《园艺学报》2015,42(6):1195-1204
利用数量分类和SCoT分子标记两种方法对40个玫瑰自然杂交后代进行分类、遗传多样性研究。数量分类将40个玫瑰自然杂交后代分为5类：第一类包括Z1、Z15等20个样品,主要特征为花色粉色至深粉,重瓣花,花萼不反卷,花梗刺着生均匀;第二类包括Z10、Z17等6个样品,主要特征为花色紫红,单瓣花,花萼反卷,花梗刺分布均匀;第三类包括Z12、Z38等12个样品,主要特征为花色浅粉至粉,重瓣花,花萼不反卷,花梗刺着生位置多为中下部;Z11和Z34分别为第四类和第五类,主要区别特征为花色,分别为浅黄和白色。SCoT分子标记筛选出的20条引物共扩增出426条带,多态性条带379条,多态性比例为88.97%。选用UPMGA法对供试样本进行聚类分析,聚类结果将40个玫瑰自然杂交后代分为5类,与数量分类结果基本一致。数量分类和SCoT分子标记方法对本项研究适宜可行,40个玫瑰自然杂交后代遗传多样性表现丰富,亲本来源的多样性使得玫瑰的分类体系与之前研究结果相比增加了2个类系。本研究为科学利用玫瑰自然杂交后代和培育玫瑰新品种提供理论依据。  相似文献   

19.
黄瓜全雌性基因连锁的AFLP和SCAR分子标记   总被引：32，自引：5，他引：32  
 本研究以全雌品种‘戴多星’自交系和弱雌品种‘北京截头’自交系为双亲杂交获得F1 ,然后得到F2 性型分离群体, 利用分离群体分组分析法(Bulked Segregant Analysis, BSA) 构建全雌和弱雌两个基因池, 筛选了64对AFLP选择性引物EcoR I-NN +Mse I-NNN组合, 发现EcoR I-TG +Mse I-CAC引物组合在全雌基因池中扩增出一条分子量为234 bp的特异带。经F2 代单株验证, 该特异条带能在全雌单株中稳定出现。以MAP MAKER (Version 310) 软件分析, 该标记与全雌性位点的连锁距离在617 cM。命名该连锁标记为TG/CAC234。将该特异条带回收、克隆、测序, 设计特异SCAR引物, 再对F2 代单株基因组DNA进行扩增, 仅在全雌单株中扩增出1条分子量为166 bp 的特异带, 表明已成功地将与黄瓜全雌性连锁的AFLP标记转化为操作简便、表现稳定的SCAR标记, 该标记命名为SA166。  相似文献   

20.
The Alternaria Brown Spot, caused by Alternaria alternata, is a major fungal disease in some kinds of tangerines, tangor, mandarins and pomelos. In Brazil as well as worldwide, A. alternata can cause necrosis in fruits, branches and leaves, causing substantial profit loss. In the present research, in laboratory conditions and in the field, we evaluated the resistance to the fungus, in leaves and fruits, for 22 varieties and hybrids of tangerines. To this end, we evaluated genotypes belonging to the Germplasm Bank of the Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro. The resistant genetic materials (found in leaves and fruits) represented four varieties of clementines (Citrus clementina); six varieties of mandarins (two belonging to C. reticulata, two to C. tangerina, one to C. deliciosa and one to C. nobilis); one tangelo (C. tangerina × C. paradisi); two mandarin hybrids (one resulting from crossing C. nobilis × C. deliciosa and the other from crossing C. clementina × C. reticulata); one tangor hybrid (C. clementina) and two satsuma hybrids (C. unshiu × C. deliciosa). We also determined a relation between the inoculation of leaves and fruits. The resistance and susceptibility following inoculation in leaves and fruits supports a relationship between these organs and the physiological responses observed for the evaluated genotypes.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号