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《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,103(4):489-498
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and partial rbcL gene sequencing were used to investigate genetic diversity among various longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) accessions as well as a presumed closely related species Dimocarpus confinis How et Ho and litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn). No significantly shared AFLP fragment was found between the three species, indicating that D. confinis and litchi are very far in genetic distance from any longan accession studied. Partial rbcL sequences of 501 bp from the first coding site in these species were obtained, which revealed several substitutes. One such DNA base pair substitute resulted in an amino acid difference between longan and litchi. Furthermore, another 4 bp resulted in a two amino acid difference between longan and D. confinis, which was consistent with AFLP results and indicated that D. confinis should be excluded from the longan genus, Dimocarpus. Within the longan species, no DNA substitute was found. Using nine primer combinations, a total of 66 AFLP markers were obtained from 41 longan accessions. One non-Chinese longan accession ‘Miaoqiao’ was distinctly different from all other longan cultivars collected in China, indicating that more genetic resources of longan might be collected also from longan production regions outside of China. AFLP markers might be developed to identify longan cultivars as well as expedite progeny screening in breeding programs of this perennial fruit tree. 相似文献
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Tania Bracci Luca Sebastiani Matteo Busconi Corrado Fogher Angjelina Belaj Isabel Trujillo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
Twenty-three important Ligurian olive accessions corresponding to 16 cultivars were studied using 12 SSR markers and 40 Mediterranean cultivars were included in the study in order to investigate the relationships between Ligurian and Mediterranean germplasm. All SSRs produced polymorphic amplifications. One hundred and forty-nine alleles were found in the 63 accessions analysed. Twenty-two alleles were specific to germplasm from Liguria and of these 12 were unique to single cultivars. Heterozygosity and discriminating power calculated in this regional germplasm were high on average (0.70 and 0.74) and not so much lower than the values in the total sample that includes cultivars from different Mediterranean countries (0.77 and 0.88 respectively). No cases of genetic identities were found between Ligurian and Mediterranean accessions. Several cases of homonyms and synonyms within the Ligurian germplasm were explained. Cluster analysis generally revealed a clear discrimination of the profiles from Liguria and Italy with respect to the cultivars from other Mediterranean countries. Only one Ligurian cultivar, “Negrea”, appeared to have a different origin, grouping with the Mediterranean cultivars. 相似文献
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Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and morphological markers to estimate the genetic relations among forty pea varieties (Pisum sativum L.) were studied. Data on 15 morphological traits were collected and analyzed. A total of 162 polymorphic SRAP's bands were scored using seven combinations of primers. Cluster analysis and both principal component and principal coordinate analysis were carried out. The varieties were grouped in four clusters through procrustes generalized analysis. Relationships among varieties revealed by molecular markers were significantly correlated with those based on the agronomic traits, suggesting that the two systems give similar estimates of genetic relations among the varieties. Parents selection depend on the specific objectives in further breeding programs. 相似文献
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Jia Chen Hui Wang Huolin Shen Min Chai Jisuo Li Mingfang Qi Wencai Yang 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
Genetic variability in modern crops is limited due to domestication and breeding. To investigate genetic variation in different populations, 216 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars, hybrids, and elite breeding lines from four breeding programs were genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers. Of 47 markers analyzed, 72.3% were polymorphic in the whole collection of 216 genotypes and 51.06–59.57% showed polymorphisms in individual populations. However, genetic variation was narrow in all four populations. Nei's genetic distance varied from 0.0422 to 0.1135 between populations and from 0.0085 to 0.3187 between lines in individual populations. Cluster and principal coordinate analysis indicated that the four populations could be grouped into three clades. Lines from Shenyang Agricultural University and China Agricultural University population formed the first clade, lines from Beijing Vegetable Research Center were in the second clade, and lines from Nunhems were in the third clade. This was further supported by population structure analysis using STRUCTURE2.2, and suggested that a lack of germplasm exchange might exist among breeding programs. It might be the reason that the progress of developing new varieties with significant improvement of horticultural traits in China is slow in recent years. 相似文献
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Rania Jbir Néjib Hasnaoui Messaoud Mars Mohamed Marrakchi Mokhtar Trifi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008
The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of DNA was used to characterize 34 pomegranate cultivars. By using a combination of six primers, a total of 327 markers were scored with a mean of 57.5. The high percentage of polymorphic bands (ppb) of 94.7 and the resolving power (Rp) collective rate value of 129.14 were scored. Data proved that the tested primers were informative to discriminate among cultivars and to survey the genetic diversity in this fruit crop. It has been assumed that the local pomegranate germplasm is characterized by a typically continuous genetic diversity. The derived dendrogram proved that cultivars are clustered independently from their geographical origin and their denomination. In addition, AFLP permitted the generation of a nearly unlimited number of molecular markers that are reliable in differentiating the cultivars and/or the polyclonal varieties. 相似文献
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Bchira Zitoun Virginie Bronzini de Caraffa Jean Giannettini Catherine Breton Ahmed Trigui Jacques Maury Claude Gambotti Brahim Marzouk Liliane Berti 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008
Eighty-four olive accessions obtained from the National Conservatory of Boughrara-Sfax (Tunisia), previously evaluated for morphological traits, were analysed with 47 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. They were compared with other olive genotypes originated from Eastern or Western Mediterranean. The highest and lowest similarities between genotypes, estimated by simple matching algorithm, were 0.98 and 0.40, respectively. A dendrogram based on Ward's method and a factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed that most of Tunisian accessions are closely related to olive genotypes originating from the Eastern Mediterranean and some are clustering with genotypes originated from the Western Mediterranean. These findings suggested multiple and complex origin of Tunisian olive. A comparative study between a previous morphological analysis and current RAPD assay was carried out and discussed. 相似文献
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红肉猕猴桃种质资源果实性状及AFLP 遗传多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对中国红肉猕猴桃种质资源进行收集和调查,并对其进行果实性状变异分析和AFLP 遗传多
样性及遗传关系分析。结果表明,红肉猕猴桃野生资源主要分布于湖南省、湖北省、河南省、江西省、
四川省和陕西省等地,共采集到52 份野生资源和2 份品种资源（包括软枣猕猴桃红肉类型、中华猕猴桃
红肉类型和美味猕猴桃红肉类型）。红肉猕猴桃种质资源在果实性状和DNA 分子水平上都存在丰富的变
异和较高的遗传多样性水平,4 对AFLP 引物共扩增出259 个多态性位点,多态性位点百分率为90.56%,
Nei’s 基因多样性和Shannon’s 信息指数分别为0.318 和0.477;资源间遗传相似性系数介于0.568 ~ 0.883
之间,平均为0.714。聚类分析和主坐标分析将54 份资源划分为4 个组,软枣猕猴桃红肉类型单独聚为
一类;中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃红肉类型亲缘关系较近且有按地理来源优先聚类的趋势。果实性状数据
和AFLP 数据之间具有极显著的相关性,二者可结合用于红肉猕猴桃资源评价和保护利用工作中。 相似文献
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Zhao Y.Mu X.Li C.Wang W. 《果树学报》2019,(9):1214-1228
Kiwifruit is an important fruit tree resource, and is one of the most successful fruit tree species for large-scale commercial cultivation worldwide. The natural distribution of kiwifruit is very extensive, but most of its taxa are mainly concentrated in the area south of the Qinling Mountains and east of the Hengduan Mountains. Chinese kiwifruit is not only a variety, but also different ecological habits. Chinese kiwifruit is rich in germplasm resources, contains a large number of wild resources, and has high genetic diversity, which can provide rich genetic basis and material conditions for the breeding of high- quality cultivars. Germplasm resources research has always been the most important foundation for fruit tree research, especially for breeding. The research on genetic relationship has become the core content of the research and utilization of fruit tree germplasm resources, which can provide a scientific basis for further exploration of species origin and evolution, systematic classification, germplasm conservation and utilization, and fruit tree breeding. Domestic and foreign scholars have studied the genetic relationship of kiwifruit germplasm resources from morphology, palynology, cytology, biochemical analysis to DNA molecular markers, from macroscopic level to microscopic level. The micromorphological characteristics, body size, cell structure and density of the leaf epidermal hair of the kiwifruit were-high polymorphism, which can be used as evidence for species identification. At present, the classification system of kiwifruit plants is mainly based on the type and degree of the indumentum of the fruit and leaves, the spots on the surface of the fruit and the morphology of the medulla of branches, and also giving consideration to the geographical distribution and other factors, as well as the combination of quantitative classification and computer processing methods. Liang C. F. divided the Chinese kiwifruit germplasms into four sections: Sect. Maculatae, Sect. Leiocarpae, Sect. Stellatae and Sect. Strigosae. The Sect. Leiocarpae can be divided into the Ser. Lamellatae and the Ser. Solidae, and the Sect. Stellatae can be divided into the Ser. Imperfectae and the Ser. Perfectae, which constitutes the current taxonomic system of four groups and four systems of Actinidia. However, the morphological characteristics of plants are susceptible to environmental conditions, and there are many subjective factors, which may lead to the divergence of taxonomic opinions. The morphological characteristics of kiwi pollen are controlled by genotypes, which are highly genetic conservation and are not affected by external conditions and carry a large amount of information. Related researchers used scanning electron microscopy to observe the pollen morphology of different species of kiwifruit. They found that the outer wall of the kiwi pollen has a large difference and has a significant polymorphism. They believe that the pollen grains of the genus have 3-colporate or 3-like colporate, which can be used as an important basis for packet classification. Kiwifruit has a wide range of chromosomal ploidy variations. Under natural conditions, diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, octaploid and even dodecaploid occur, and the distribution pattern is reticulate the intraspecific and interspecific, as well as the sympatric distribution of multi species to various degrees. These make interspecific hybridization and gene introgression frequent, resulting in a series of rich genetic variations. Therefore, in-depth study on the interspecific and intraspecific genetic relationship of kiwifruit plants provides an important basis for breeding new varieties. The karyotype analysis of different ploidy revealed that the chromosome base of kiwifruit was 29, but there is still no clear conclusion about its chromosome origin. The research on the isozyme level shows that the kiwifruit has high genetic diversity at the level of cultivars and species, and there is a high degree of genetic heterozygosity and multiple alleles heterozygosity at its isozyme sites. At the DNA level, researchers used various methods of DNA molecular markers to detect different kiwi germplasm resources. The results showed that kiwifruit species or cultivars had rich genetic diversity, and there were high genetic diversity among different geographical regions. The genetic distance between kiwifruit cultivars was related to geographical distribution. In addition, studies on microsatellite showed that most kiwifruits showed higher heterozygosity, and polyploid kiwifruit had more genetic diversity. In addition to studying nuclear DNA, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have also received attention in kiwifruit research. The results show that the cpDNA of kiwifruit plants has strict paternal inheritance, and mtDNA has strict maternal inheritance. This rare genetic model complicates the genetic relationship between kiwifruit plants to a certain extent. In general, the research on the genetic relationship of kiwifruit has made great progress, especially the continuous improvement and mutual compensation of various molecular markers in recent years, making the research and analysis of genetic relationship more accurate and reliable. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the study of the genetic relationship of kiwifruit germplasm resources. In the future research, with the continuous innovation of research methods and the deepening of research content, the research on kiwifruit germplasm resources, especially the genetic relationship research, will surely achieve more results. It is of great scientific significance and application value for the rational utilization of abundant kiwifruit germplasm resources in China, especially the exploitation and utilization of a large number of excellent wild or semi-wild resources, and the breeding and industrial development of new kiwifruit varieties. © 2019 Journal of Fruit Science 相似文献
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The genetic similarities of 49 accessions of bananas from The National Banana Collection at Rubona were investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. A total of 120 primers were screened for their usefulness in amplifying DNA fragments of four cultivars belonging to the subgroup Mutika–Lujugira. Fifteen random primers were selected for more detailed analysis, on the basis of providing reproducible amplification and revealing a high level of variation between the four cultivars. The genetic similarity was estimated using a simple matching coefficient which showed the lowest value of 0.46 between ‘Ingumba’ and ‘Ishika’ and the highest value of 0.85 between ‘Kirayenda’ and ‘Inyabukuwe’. The data of matrix of coefficient of similarity was subjected to cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Each accession was clearly separated. The results of this study are important for the curation of the banana germplasm collection in Eastern Central Africa and for future breeding of this crop. 相似文献
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Zuo Li Xiuqun Liu Robert Wahiti Gituru Niran Juntawong Mingqin Zhou Longqing Chen 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
In this study, RAPD and ISSR markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among different germplasm of Nelumbo including 70 Chinese ornamental cultivars, 7 wild Thai genotypes, 2 Nelumbo lutea genotypes and 8 hybrids of Nelumbo nucifera and N. lutea. High genetic diversities of 96.4% and 91.2% respectively were detected in the Nelumbo accessions using RAPD and ISSR markers. A dendrogram based on both RAPD and ISSR clustering data indicated that: (1) the genotypes of N. nucifera and N. lutea from different geographical origins were clustered into different groups. This indicated significant genetic differentiation attributed to extensive periods of geographical isolation and lack of gene exchange; (2) the Thai wild genotypes were separated from Chinese genotypes. This indicated genetic divergence between germplasm from Southeast Asia and that from China. Geographical location appears to have affected genetic diversity due to adaptation of the plants to the different environments. A new Southeastern Asia Lotus category is suggested as an addition to the current lotus cultivars classification system; (3) data on three morphological traits (namely: plant size, petal shape and flower color), showed that only the data on plant size was consistent with the dendrogram constructed from molecular data. This finding suggests that using data on genetic relationships in combination with morphological characteristics would serve to improve the classification system of lotus cultivars currently in use. The finding of previously unknown germplasm in this study indicated the potential of RAPD and ISSR techniques in identifying and managing lotus resources. Both marker techniques are potentially useful in improving the current strategies in breeding and germplasm conservation to enhance the ornamental and economic value of lotus. 相似文献
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Ghada Baraket Ahmed Ben Abdelkrim Olfa Saddoud Khaled Chatti Messaoud Mars Mokhtar Trifi Amel Salhi-Hannachi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The trnL (UAA) intron and the intergenic spacer between the 3′ exon of trnL (UAA) and trnF (GAA) sequences were used as genetic markers for differentiating Ficus carica cultivars and establishing refined genetic relationships. The study was based on 20 fig cultivars, collected from south and centre of Tunisia. Since, the intron was thought to be more variable among close relatives than is the chloroplast spacer. The size of these non-coding regions varied from 554 to 589 and from 989 to 1022 bases pairs for the intron and the combined sequences correspondingly. The average of GC content was 33.9% and 34.6% in the intron and the combined intron and spacer respectively. High values of A + T contents were detected in both data sets and may explain the high proportions of transversions founded. The observed variation pattern of plastid DNA provides evidence of an important genetic diversity. The overall transition/transversion bias (R) was 0.202 in the intron and 0.27 in the combined regions. The RI index of 0.592 indicates that these combined sequences have clearly more homoplasy then the intron (RI = 0.705) and spacer (RI = 0.777) sequences separately. Phylogenetic trees were generated based on maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of the chloroplast sequences data. Results proved that a typically continuous genetic diversity characterizes the local fig germplasm. In fact, relationships inferred from the cpDNA analysis suggest several clades, which do not show geographical or tree sex correspondence. Although the level of apparent diversity is considerable, we may conclude that non-coding regions of chloroplast genome provide a new and practical opportunity to evaluate genetic diversity and to discriminate fig cultivars. Revealed cytoplasmic DNA markers are reliable to elaborate a molecular data base to conduct management and breeding programs on local fig germplasm. 相似文献
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利用现代计算机技术,对20339份果树种质资源性状鉴定和评价数据进行规范化处理,建成了中国果树种质资源信息系统。该系统可在Zmin内检索和打印出用户所需果树种质资源的来源和主要性状,并对数据库中的各种数据总体特征进行统计分析。利用图形和图像技术建立了果树品种系谱溯源和追踪、染色体自动识别、同工酶电脑分析和果树种质资源电子地图系统,为进一步利用果树种质资源开展常规育种和生物技术育种提供了现代化分析工具。该系统于1995年12月在北京通过国家科委验收,井人了中国作物种质资源信息系统,正式投入运行,为果树种质资源研究人员、果树育种和果树生产人员提供多种形式的咨询服务。 相似文献
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东北寒地96份李种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了深入了解李（Prunus L.）种质资源表型性状的变异特点和多样性,按照《李种质资源描述规范和数据标准》,对黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院李资源圃内保存的96份寒地李种质资源20个描述型表型性状进行观测和描述,对16个数量型表型性状进行相关性、聚类、主成分等分析。结果表明,20个描述型性状,共观测到66个变异类型,其中叶片形状、果皮颜色、果核形状等变异范围较大。Shannon-Wiener信息指数（H）和Simpson遗传多样性指数（D）变化范围分别为0.3768 ~ 1.3993和0.2188 ~ 0.7196,其中果皮颜色（H：1.2093,D：0.6814）、叶片形状（H：1.1227,D：0.5484）等性状多样性指数较高。16个数量型性状中,单果质量变异系数最大,为61.32%;果形指数变异系数最小,为8.72%。聚类分析将96份寒地李种质资源在欧式距离22处将各种质资源分为3大类群,其中第Ⅰ类可用于选育离核、抗性强的品种;第Ⅱ类可用于选育抗性强、丰产品种;第Ⅲ类可用于选育果大、可食率高、离核品种。主成分分析结果表明,前5个主成分累计贡献率达到78.191%,主要有果实纵径、果实横径、1年生枝粗等性状,主要反映了果实大小和枝条性状因子,果实性状对于东北寒地李种质资源表型性状变异的贡献率最大,一年生枝条次之。结合相关性分析结果,16个数量型性状可简化为果实纵径、果实横径、叶片宽、果核横径、果形指数、叶片长、1年生枝粗7个主要指标,提高了寒地李种质资源评价和选育鉴定工作的效率。性 相似文献