共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 796 毫秒
1.
Asako Kobayashi Kaworu Ebana Shuichi Fukuoka Tsukasa Nagamine 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(3):499-506
Landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are valuable sources of genetic variation that have been lost in advanced cultivars. Seeds of a rice landrace stored
for almost 100 years were found on Sado Island in Niigata prefecture, Japan. This report aims to present basic data on the
genetic variation of this landrace, which was known as ‘Echizen’. Five samples of ‘Echizen’, consisting of two old samples,
one sample maintained on farm, and two lines regenerated from old seeds were compared with other advanced cultivars and landraces
using 19 microsatellite markers. Among the five samples of Echizen, the two stored samples showed greater diversity than the
other samples. Cluster analysis based on the UPGMA method also showed that old Echizen was a diverse landrace that could cover
the genetic diversity of most Japanese rice cultivars. 相似文献
2.
M. Tohver 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):67-81
A collection of 123 winter and 106 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and breeding lines commonly grown in Nordic and Middle European countries were characterised for the composition
of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits on the ground of data from literature and experiments of author. HMW glutenin
subunit composition was determined by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
The present database includes data for cultivars and breeding lines from Finland (FIN – 56), Estonia (EST – 27), Sweden (SW
– 27), Germany (D – 24), Lithuania (LIT – 17), United Kingdom (UK – 6), France (F – 3), Poland (POL – 5), Italy (IT – 7),
Netherlands (NL – 6), Norway (NOR – 12), Russian Federation (RUS – 14 items). The occurrence of individual alleles and corresponding
HMW glutenin subunits in surveyed cultivars is demonstrated. Special attention has been paid to cultivars growing in neighbouring
countries with the aim to apply them in Estonian plant breeding. The database consists of 4 tables with data of HMW glutenin
subunits, encoding them Glu-1 alleles, quality score and sources of data. The database could be useful for varietal identification and for plant breeders
to improve wheat quality and accelerate the breeding process. 相似文献
3.
Priyanka Pal Narpinder Singh Parmeet Kaur Amritpal Kaur Amardeep Singh Virdi Naincy Parmar 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(6):584-592
Physical characteristics, amino acids composition, protein profiling, pasting characteristics, and phenolic compounds of brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) from different paddy cultivars (PB1, PS44, PB1509, PB1121, and PS5) were investigated. L* (lightness) decreased, but a* (redness and greenness) and b* (yellowness and blueness) increased with germination. Protein and ash content increased, whereas fat and amylose contents decreased with germination. GBR showed lower hardness and gumminess than BR. Foam stability and water absorption capacity from GBR flour were higher compared with BR flour. Accumulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid, histidine, arginine, proline, methionine, and acidic amino acids increased significantly with germination, and increase was related to change in accumulation of glutelin and prolamins. The accumulation of prolamins and glutelin acidic and basic subunits decreased with germination. GBR flour showed lower pasting viscosities compared with BR flour. Ferulic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and quercetin were present in both fractions of the bound form. GBR showed improved nutritional quality that varied in different cultivars. PB1121 was observed to be the best for producing GBR owing to greater changes brought in protein content, essential amino acids, catechin, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and foam stability. 相似文献
4.
Changes in β-glucosidase enzyme–humic complexes and conventional parameters (pH, total organic C, total N, water-soluble C,
and bulk density) were studied in an almond-cropped soil prone to erosion under a rehabilitation practice. The experimental
plan included three soil slopes (0%, 2%, and 6%) and two type of fertilization (organic and mineral), with sampling of rhizosphere
and inter-row soils. The enzyme humic complexes were extracted by pyrophosphate, purified by ultrafiltration of the organic
extracts on molecular mass exclusion membranes (mol wt > 104) and fractionated by isoelectric focusing technique (IEF). The IEF on polyacrylamide rod gels with a restricted pH gradient
ranging between 6.0 and 4.0 gave five humic bands on the basis of the little differences of their electric charges (pI). Under both organic and mineral fertilization, β-glucosidase activity bound to the fractionated humic substances, especially
in the pH range 4.5–4.2 of the rhizosphere soil, was higher than that of the inter-row soil. This also occurred in 6% slope
where the enzyme activity was lower than in soil with lower slopes. The higher number of the β-glucosidase active humic bands
in rhizosphere than inter-row soil, particularly for the 0% slope, may be due to the presence of humic molecules capable of
preserving the enzyme molecules in the active form, other than to the higher microbial activity synthesizing and releasing
the tested enzymes. 相似文献
5.
Genetic variability, based on prolamines, was studied among 40 populations of Agropyron mongolicum Keng that were collected from the extensive geographic areas of northern China. A high level of genetic diversity was detected
in these A. mongolicum populations. In total, 81 electrophoretic bands were observed following acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE),
among which 20, 16,␣10, and 35 allelic variants were separated into α-, β-, γ-, and ω-fractions of prolamine. Each A. mongolicum population had unique electrophoretic pattern, which exhibited enough genetic diversity for identification and classification
of populations in A. mongolicum. The proportion of diversity among and within geographic regions from which the populations of A. mongolicum originated indicated that 52.1% of the total variation was found within regions, and 47.9% among regions. According to the
dentrogram based on the Nei’ genetic distance matrix, the A. mongolicum populations from different regions were distinctly clarified. At Nei’s distance of 0.75, the populations of A. mongolicum were divided into two groups. The UPGMA phenogram and the principal coordinate analysis (PCA) indicated that the populations
from similar eco-geographical situations were clustered together. 相似文献
6.
R. Shishido M. Kikuchi K. Nomura H. Ikehashi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(1):179-186
As a part of an in situ survey of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in Myanmar (Burma), 16 strains of wild rice were collected, and analyzed for allelic diversity over 74 loci with
simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to obtain a basic information for their conservation. Three each of indica and japonica cultivars were added for a comparison. In the six cultivars and 16 strains of wild rice, three to 15 alleles were detected
per locus with an average of 7.9. The wild rice revealed a large number of unique alleles throughout their chromosomes with
much wider ranges of variation than those detected in the six cultivars of O. sativa L.. The alleles found in the wild rice were classified into those specific to wild rice, common to wild rice and cultivars,
and those similar to indica or japonica cultivars. According to the classification, the genotype of each of the 16 strains of wild rice was schematically depicted.
The genetic variation among individual strains within a collection site was larger than the variation among the collection
sites. 相似文献
7.
Shanshan Liu Kazuyoshi Ohta Chunping Dong Vo Cong Thanh Masao Ishimoto Zhiwei Qin Yutaka Hirata 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1209-1219
Out of 851 soybean accessions from Vietnam, China and Japan analyzed for 7S β-subunit variants, a new β-reduced subunit line with normal growth was collected from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Protein of the `β-reduced' line is composed of β-reduced and extremely low-β types. (α-null + β-reduced) type and β-null (or extremely low-β) type were screened in the progeny seeds of the Japanese mutant `(α + β) null' line. Therefore, recombination between α- and β-subunits was identified. By comparing the nucleotide sequence of the partial β-subunit gene of Enrei (standard), Mo-shi-dou Gong 503 (α + β low), β-533 seed (β-reduced), β-57 seed (extremely low-β), and (α + β)-null16((α + β) null) seed, we found that the base `T' at 166 bp, in Enrei changed to `G' in Mo-shi-dou Gong 503, β-533 and β-57. Using the (α + β)-null16 individual as template, a distinct 305 bp β-subunit gene fragment was identified, instead of a 285 bp fragment. 相似文献
8.
Ken Oyama Sergio Hernández-Verdugo Carla Sánchez Antonio González-Rodríguez Pedro Sánchez-Peña José Antonio Garzón-Tiznado Alejandro Casas 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(3):553-562
Levels of genetic variation and genetic structure of 15 wild populations and three domesticated populations of Capsicum annuum were studied by RAPD markers. A total of 166 bands (all of them polymorphic) and 126 bands (125 of them polymorphic) were
amplified in wild and domesticated populations, respectively. Mean percentage of polymorphism was 34.2% in wild populations
and 34.7% in domesticated populations. Mean and total genetic diversity were 0.069 and 0.165 for wild populations and 0.081
and 0.131 for domesticated populations. Parameters of genetic diversity estimated from 54 bands with frequencies ≥1 − (3/n) (n = sample size) showed that 56.7% of the total variation was within and 43.3% among wild populations, whereas 67.8% of the
variation was within and 32.2% among domesticated populations. AMOVA indicated that total genetic diversity was equally distributed
within (48.9 and 50.0%) and among (50.0 and 51.1%) populations in both wild and domesticated samples. Wild and domesticated
populations were clearly resolved in a UPGMA dendrogram constructed from Jaccard’s distances (average GD = 0.197), as well
as by AMOVA (17.2% of variance among populations types, p = 0.001) and by multidimensional scaling analysis. Such differentiation can be associated with domestication as well as different
origin of gene pools of the wild (Northwestern Mexico) and cultivated (more probably Central Mexico) samples analyzed. The
considerable genetic distances among cultivars (average GD = 0.254) as well as the high number of diagnostic bands per cultivar
(33 out of 126 bands), suggest that genetic changes associated with domestication could have resulted from artificial selection
intervening in different directions, but the inclusion of more domesticated samples might clarify the nature of distinctions
detected here. 相似文献
9.
Genetic diversity among some important Syrian wheat cultivars was estimated using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
markers. Five Triticum aestivum L. and 10 Triticum turgidum ssp. durum were analyzed with 11 EcoRI–MseI primer pair combinations. Of the approximately 525 detected AFLP markers, only 46.67% were polymorphic. Cluster analysis
with the entire AFLP data divided all cultivars into two major groups reflecting their origins. The first one contained T. aestivum L. cultivars, and the T. turgidum ssp. durum cultivars and landraces were grouped in the second. Narrow genetic diversity among all cultivars was detected with an average
genetic similarity of 0.884. The lowest similarity index (0.9) was found between Cham5 and Hamary (durum wheat), whereas this value was 0.93 between Salamony and Bouhouth 4 (T. aestivum L.). The narrow genetic diversity level indicates that these genotypes could be originated from the same source. AFLP analysis
provides crucial information for studying genetic variation among wheat cultivars and provides important information for plant
improvement. 相似文献
10.
Y. Belaïd N. Chtourou-Ghorbel M. Marrakchi N. Trifi-Farah 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1413-1418
In order to evaluate the genetic diversity in Lathyrus genus, the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats method (ISSR) was exploited in five populations. These consisted of two cultivated
species belonging to section Lathyrus (L. sativus L. and L. cicera L.) and a wild one belonging to the section Clymenum (L. ochrus DC.). Two 3′anchored ISSR primers and two unanchored ones, generated a total of 60 useful polymorphic DNA bands. Our data
provide evidence of high molecular polymorphism at the intra- and the inter-specific levels showing that both wild and cultivated
forms constitute an important pool of diversity. Moreover, among the generated DNA bands, a 500 bp band, totally absent in
the banding patterns of the section Clymenum, appears to be a molecular marker of section Lathyrus. Results provided for lineage
and suggest recent origin of these species that might have evolved from a common ancestor producing both L. ochrus species and the two other species L. sativus and L. cicera. These relationships support previous studies based on morphological variation and molecular analysis. 相似文献
11.
Sauris Panda Juan Pedro Martín Itziar Aguinagalde 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(5):489-495
The chloroplast DNA of 96 sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) and five cultivars of sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) were analysed to reveal their haplotypes using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) method. The main advantages of the PCR-RFLP technique are: resolutive, time and cost effective and reproducible. Approximately 9.6% of the chloroplast genome was analysed, using six universal primer pairs and two restriction enzymes. All the mutations detected were insertion-deletions, ranging between 5–30 bp. The combination of all the mutations resulted in three haplotypes (H1, H2 and H3) in the 96 sweet cherry cultivars and a single haplotype (H4) in the five cultivars of sour cherry. The cpDNA polymorphism determined by PCR-RFLP markers helped to understand the maternal inheritance of chloroplast genome in sweet cherry, clearly distinguished the sour from the sweet cherry, and supported that P. avium is not the maternal species of P. cerasus. 相似文献
12.
Nahla V. Bassil B. Gilmore J. M. Oliphant K. E. Hummer J. A. Henning 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):959-969
Eight genic SSR loci were evaluated for genetic diversity assessment and genotype identification in Humulus lupulus L. from Europe and North America. Genetic diversity, as measured by three diversity indices, was significantly lower in European
cultivars than in North American wild accessions. Neighbor Joining cluster analysis separated the hop genotypes into European
and North American groups. These eight SSRs were useful in uniquely identifying each accession with the exception of two sets
of European landraces and a pair of Japanese cultivars, ‘Shinshuwase’ and ‘Kirin II’. An accession from Manitoba grouped with
the European (EU) cluster reflecting the group’s genetic similarity to older Manitoba germplasm used to develop ‘Brewer's
Gold’ and the gene pool arising from this cultivar. Cultivars grouped closely with one of their immediate parents. ‘Perle’
grouped with its parent ‘Northern Brewer and ‘Willamette’ grouped with its parent ‘Fuggle H’. Wild American accessions were
divided into two subgroups: a North Central group containing mostly H. lupulus var. lupuloides and a Southwestern group containing H. lupulus var. neomexicanus accessions. These eight SSRs will be valuable for genotype identification in European and wild American germplasm and may
potentially prove useful for marker-assisted selection in hop. PCR products from four previously reported primer pairs that
amplify the same intronic SSR regions as do the genic SSRs in this study were compared in eight common cultivars. Different
primer pairs generated robust markers at the chs2 and chi loci. However, only the HLC-004B and HLC-006 primer pairs amplified successfully at the chs3 and chs4 loci.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
13.
Accurate assessment of genetic similarity is important for plant breeding, germplasm enhancement and conservation of plant
genetic resources. A comparative analysis of genome diversity among a group of six-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars was carried out using sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP),
with the results compared to the kinship coefficients derived from the pedigree data. Mean pair-wise GS values were estimated
to be 0.0957 ± 0.144 (Kinship), 0.491 ± 0.189 (SNPs), and 0.602 ± 0.098 (S-SAPs). S-SAP and SNP-based genetic similarity (GS)
values were normally distributed but kinship values had a non-normal and skewed distribution. Pair-wise correlation of GS
values were lowest for the S-SAP and the SNP matrices (r =; 0.040, p<0.230) and highest for the SNP and pedigree matrices (r =; 0.240, p < 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) attributed about 90.4% of observed variation to the cultivars within each
of the malting and feed groups. Variance component between malting and feed groups was 6.6% for both SNP and S-SAP data suggesting
lack of a significant genetic differentiation along this agronomic division. The remaining 3% of variation was attributed
to genetic diversity within cultivars. Although both DNA-based marker systems were able to differentiate all barley cultivars,
significant difference were observed in the pattern of genetic relationships obtained by the two marker systems and the pedigree
data. 相似文献
14.
Wheat breeding in Pakistan started in 1930s before partition in the United India and so far has released more than 68 cultivars, but no systematic analyses of the genetic diversity of Pakistan wheat have been made. Twenty Pakistan wheat cultivars released from 1933 to 2002 were examined for genetic diversity and relationships using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Forty-two RAPD primers were applied and 184 polymorphic bands were generated for each cultivar. Most of the cultivars were genetically interrelated, although six of them displayed some genetic distinctness. The RAPD variation observed among these cultivars was low. Only 40.7% of the total scorable bands were polymorphic, and 26.1% of the polymorphic bands were observed most frequently (f = 0.95) among the 20 cultivars. The proportions of polymorphic bands for each cultivar ranged from 0.67 in ‘Yecora’ to 0.84 in ‘C-250’ with an average of 0.76. About 1.4% of the RAPD variation might have been fixed over the 69 years of wheat breeding, but such fixation was not statistically significant. These results are significant for future improvement and conservation of Pakistan wheat. 相似文献
15.
Maria Soledad Ureta Miguel Cantamutto Alicia Carrera Carla Delucchi Monica Poverene 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(8):1267-1277
Two introduced wild species Helianthus annuus L. and H. petiolaris Nutt. have become widespread in central Argentina and overlap the sunflower crop region. Intermediate off-type plants between
the wild and cultivated species are often found, which is of concern because of the recent release of imidazolinone resistant
varieties and the likely use of genetically modified sunflower cultivars. The progeny of 33 off-type plants obtained from
14 representative sites of the diffusion area were studied to confirm hybrid origin. Germination, survival, morphological
traits and days to flowering confirmed hybridization between crop and both wild species, when compared to eight accessions
of typical wild plants. Some progenies were presumably crop–wild H. annuus hybrids, some originated from the cross of cultivated plants and H. petiolaris, and two were the advanced generation of a cultivated hybrid. Hence, morphological traits are a good clue for the identification
of spontaneous hybrid plants at field. The results indicate that crop–wild hybridization and introgression occur at various
places in central Argentina. This fact may represent a way to herbicide resistance escape and future transgene escape if GM
sunflower cultivars are released for commercial use. 相似文献
16.
Edita Gregová Jiří Hermuth Ján Kraic Ladislav Dotlačil 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(5):867-871
The endosperm storage protein of 46 European wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces and obsolete cultivars have been fractionated by SDS-PAGE to determine the composition of high molecular weight
glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) composition. It has been discovered that about 46% of the wheats were heterogeneous, comprising
2–11 different glutenin profiles. Eighteen of them were observed to be homogeneous. A total of 13 HMW-GS alleles, including
3 at the Glu-A1, 8 at the Glu-B1, and 3 at the Glu-D1 loci were revealed. HMW-GS null controlled by locus Glu-A1, subunits 7 + 8 by Glu-B1, and 2 + 12 by Glu-D1 predominated. However low frequented alleles such as 17 + 18, 20, 6, and 7 were observed. Furthermore, other new alleles
encoding HMW-GS at the locus Glu-B1 have been found in one of France cultivar (Saumur d’Automne). The glutenin-based quality score ranged from 4 to 10. 相似文献
17.
千金子和异型莎草均是直播稻田的恶性杂草,危害水稻的生长发育,对水稻生产造成严重威胁。为明确千金子和异型莎草对直播稻产量的影响及其生态经济阈值,采用添加系列试验法和模型拟合法研究不同密度千金子和异型莎草组合和与水稻不同共生时间下水稻产量性状的变化规律。结果表明,随着千金子和异型莎草组合密度增加以及与水稻共生时间延长,水稻的有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重和产量均逐渐下降。当千金子+异型莎草密度增加至8株·m~(-2)+8株·m~(-2),水稻产量仅2 236.37kg·hm~(-2),与空白对照相比产量损失率为71.14%;在千金子4.67株·m~(-2)+异型莎草3.50株·m~(-2)的平均密度下,二者与水稻在整个生育期共生时,水稻产量为5 138.33 kg·hm~(-2),与空白对照相比产量损失率为33.37%。低密度、短时间共生的两杂草组合对水稻产量无显著影响。但从密度梯度看,在两种杂草与水稻整个生育期共生条件下,杂草复合密度达到4.14株·m~(-2)时,则必须对其进行防除;从共生时间的尺度看,在试验设置密度条件下,必须在水稻种植后的16.7 d进行杂草防除,否则将对水稻产量和经济效益造成显著影响。在对复合杂草生态经济阈值分析的基础上进行杂草防除,可避免除草剂盲目使用,对减少除草剂使用次数,降低除草剂用量、节约除草成本和保护农田生态环境具有指导作用。 相似文献
18.
Paula Martins-Lopes José Lima-Brito Sónia Gomes Julieta Meirinhos Luís Santos Henrique Guedes-Pinto 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):117-128
Thirty Portuguese and eight foreign olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars were screened using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers.
Twenty RAPD primers amplified 301 reproducible bands of which 262 were polymorphic; and 17 ISSR primers amplified 204 bands
of which 180 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands detected by ISSR and RAPD was similar (88 and 87%, respectively).
The genetic variability observed was similar in the Portuguese and foreign olive cultivars. Seven ISSR and 12 RAPD primers
were able to distinguish individually all 38 olive cultivars. Twenty specific molecular markers are now available to be converted
into Sequence Characterised Amplified Region (SCAR) markers. Relationships among Portuguese and foreign cultivars is discussed. 相似文献
19.
S. I. Warwick R. K. Gugel T. McDonald K. C. Falk 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(2):297-312
Information on genetic diversity and genetic relationships among genotypes of Brassica carinata is currently limited. The objectives of this study were to evaluate patterns and levels of genetic diversity in B. carinata based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) as compared with Brassica juncea and Brassica nigra, and to evaluate agronomic and seed quality data for plants grown in the field in western Canada. A total of 296 AFLP bands
were generated from four primer pair combinations and scored for presence/absence in 66, 20 and 7 accessions of B. carinata, B. juncea and B. nigra, respectively. B. carinata was less genetically diverse than the other two species. Differences in diversity were evident in the proportion of polymorphic
loci within each species: 23, 35 and 50% for B. carinata, B. nigra and B. juncea, respectively. Pair-wise similarity measures based on the Jaccard coefficient were highest among accessions of B. carinata and showed the narrowest range: 0.911 (0.810–0.981) compared to B. nigra: 0.569 (0.438–0.660) and B. juncea: 0.715 (0.345–0.951). AFLP-based genetic distance information can be used by plant breeders to select diverse genotypes.
AFLPs are also useful for fingerprinting cultivars and two primer pair combinations were sufficient to uniquely identify all
the accessions of B. carinata. More variation among accessions was identified in the agronomic trial than had previously been described in studies of B. carinata in western Canada, but the data were too limited to draw conclusions regarding specific accessions. Overall, the findings
were in agreement with other published work describing the favourable agronomic potential of this species. 相似文献
20.
Ali M. Missaoui Andrew H. Paterson Joseph H. Bouton 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1291-1302
Information regarding the amount of genetic diversity is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of breeding programs and germplasm conservation efforts. Genetic variation between 21 switchgrass genotypes randomly selected from two lowland (‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’) and one upland (‘Summer’) synthetic cultivars were estimated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Comparison of 85 RFLP loci revealed 92% polymorphism between at least two genotypes from the upland and lowland ecotypes. Within ecotypes, the upland genotypes showed higher polymorphism than lowland genotypes (64% vs. 56%). ‘Kanlow’ had a lower percent of polymorphic loci than ‘Alamo’ (52% vs. 60%). Jaccard distances revealed higher genetic diversity between upland and lowland ecotypes than between genotypes within each ecotype. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's minimum variance grouped the genotypes into two major clusters, one representing the upland group and the other the lowland group. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast non-coding region trnL (UAA) intron sequences from 34 switchgrass accessions (6 upland cultivars, 2 lowland cultivars, and 26 accessions of unknown affiliation) produced a neighbor-joining dendrogram comprised of two major clusters with 99% bootstrap support. All accessions grouped in the same cluster with the lowland cultivars (‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’) had a deletion of 49 nucleotides. Phenotypic identification of greenhouse-grown plants showed that all accessions with the deletion are of the lowland type. The deletion in trnL (UAA) sequences appears to be specific to lowland accessions and should be useful as a DNA marker for the classification of upland and lowland germplasm. 相似文献