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1.
Low field emergence and early field vigour are major problems in shrunken-2 maize (sh-2). The genetic variability for stand-ability and early field vigour in a shrunken-2 maize population previously improved for adaptability to a tropical environment was investigated using a Design I mating system in which 40 randomly sampled males were crossed to four randomly sampled plants that served as females. Plants of the 160 crosses, representing full- and half-sib relationships, were evaluated in four sets, each composed of 40 crosses derived from 10 males during two growing seasons. Experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Difference in Emergence Index (EI) was not significant between the two seasons. Emergence Percentage (E%), Emergence Rate Index (ERI), and early field vigour traits viz. vigour score and seedling height determined at 28 days after planting (DAP) were, however, significantly (P < 0.05–P < 0.01) better in the first growing season. For all traits, the ‘female/male’ item was significant (P < 0.01) while ‘male’ was mostly non-significant. ‘Season × female/male’ interaction was significant for stand establishment traits but not for early field vigour traits. Averaged over all traits, dominance variance was 8.2 times higher than additive variance. Genetic variation for stand establishment and early field vigour in the tropicalised shrunken-2 maize population would be best exploited through the development of inbred lines, hybrids and synthetics. Broad-sense heritability was 53.0% for E%, 36.0% for EI, 33.0% for ERI, 71.5% for vigour score and 90.0% for seedling height. One hundred-seed weight ranged between 82.0 and 182.0 mg but correlation coefficients between seed weight on one hand, and E%, EI, ERI, vigour score and plant height on the other hand, were low (mostly <0.30) and, in general, non-significant. Emergence percentage had the highest average genotypic correlation value with the other traits studied (Mean Absolute Value = 0.71 in the first season and 0.45 in the second season). Emergence percentage, determined 10 days after planting, thus has potential for use as a selection index for stand establishment and early field vigour.  相似文献   

2.
《Field Crops Research》2002,76(1):25-43
Root morphological characteristics are known to be important in the drought resistance of some rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with root morphology and other drought resistance-related traits should help breeders produce more drought resistant varieties. Stability in the expression of root growth QTL across rooting environments is critical for their use in breeding programs. A greenhouse experiment in which a mapping population of 140 recombinant inbred lines and the parental varieties Bala and Azucena were grown in glass-sided soil chambers and evaluated for root growth and water uptake was conducted. In each of 2 years, two treatments were used; an early water-deficit (WD0) in which seeds were sown into wet soil but received no more water, and a late water-deficit (WD49) in which the plants were watered for 49 days and then received no water for a week. The major differences between treatments and years in dry matter partitioning and root growth traits are reported elsewhere. Here, the identification of QTLs for root growth traits by composite interval mapping is described. At LOD>3.2, there were six QTLs for the weight of roots below 90 cm and maximum root length, 11 for root to shoot ratio, 12 for the number of roots past 100 cm, and 14 for root thickness. A total of 24 regions were identified as containing QTLs (these regions often contained several QTLs identified for different root traits). Some were revealed only in individual experiments and/or for individual traits, while others were common to different traits or experiments. Seven QTLs, on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 (two QTLs) and 11, where considered particularly noteworthy. The complex results are discussed in the context of previously reported QTLs for root growth in other populations, the interaction between QTL with the environment and the value of QTLs for breeding.  相似文献   

3.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):309-318
Abstract

Appropriate plant height, tiller number and heading date are important traits for maximizing rice production. In order to understand the genetic basis of the relationships among these three plant traits, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using a recombinant inbred population and detected two-locus interactions for plant height and tiller number at two growth stages and for heading date in two years. There were significant negative correlations between tiller number and plant height, and between tiller number at maturity and heading date. A significant positive correlation was observed between heading date and plant height at maturity. A total of 29 QTLs for the three traits were identified over the two years. Results show that QTLs and majority of two-locus interactions for plant height and tiller numbers at 35 days after transplanting were different from those at maturity, indicating that different genes and interactions control the traits at different developmental stages. A large proportion of QTLs and interactions could only be detected in one year, suggesting that QTLs and two-locus interactions for the traits were dependent on the environment. Results suggest that pleiotropy and/or close linkage of genomic regions and pleiotropy of common two-locus combinations may be the genetic basis for the close correlations among the three traits. A QTL with a large effect for heading date, which was located in RG424-RZ667 on chromosome 6, also showed large effects on tiller number and plant height at maturity.  相似文献   

4.
Wheat kernel size and shape influence its flour yield and market price. A hexaploid wheat population of 185 recombinant inbred lines was evaluated for five kernel morphometric traits namely, 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, width, length–width ratio and factor form density in two diverse agro-climatic regions in India in five to eight year–location combinations. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis revealed significant contributions from genotype (G) and genotype × environment (G × E) effects for these traits. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis by composite interval mapping (CIM) was performed using a linkage map of 251 SSR markers and 59 QTLs distributed on 16 chromosomes were identified. The majority of the QTLs were located on the D genome (44.07%) and the homeologous chromosomes of Group 2 (38.98%). Stable QTLs detected in three or more year–location combinations were identified for four traits. Multi-trait CIM showed 10 chromosomal regions harboring putative pleiotropic loci. Complexity in the genetic effects was further revealed by QTL analysis based on mixed-linear model that indicated 19 QTLs with significant individual effects (main-effect QTLs) and 14 QTL × QTL interactions. Five of these nineteen main-effect QTLs and one of the fourteen QTL × QTL interactions showed environmental influence.  相似文献   

5.
《Field Crops Research》2005,91(2-3):161-170
Seedling-vigor is important for optimum stand establishment and increasing weed competitive ability in rice cropping systems. In the current study, three seedling-vigor-related traits, seed germination rate, seedling shoot length and dry matter weight, were investigated by the paper-roll tests with rice recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Lemont (japonica) and Teqing (indica). The phenotype data, together with a linkage map consisting of 198 marker loci, was used to conduct composite interval mapping by QTLMapper 1.0 to simultaneously map both main-effect and epistatic QTLs for seedling-vigor in rice. Totally, 13 putative main-effect QTLs and 19 pairs of epistatic loci with R2 ≥ 5% were identified. Almost all of these QTLs or interactions individually explained only around 5–10% of the phenotypic variation. The majority (68%) of these main-effect and epistatic loci were clustered in seven chromosome regions, each spanning 12–28 cM (centi-Morgan) and containing three or more detectable loci. When detectable for the multiple seedling-vigor-related traits, either the main-effect QTLs or the epistatic interactions sharing the same map location had their additive or epistatic effects in the same direction, which agreed well with the positive correlations among the traits. The results demonstrated that seedling-vigor in rice could be controlled by many loci, most of which had small effects, but, relatively, epistasis as a genetic factor was much more important than main-effects of QTLs. Along with the results reported previously, this study revealed the extensive genetic diversity for seedling-vigor in rice. In addition, the QTL qSV-7 on chromosome 7 was found to have the largest main-effects on multiple seedling-vigor-related traits and therefore could be used as a potential target to be genetically manipulated by marker-assisted selection in rice seedling-vigor breeding programs.  相似文献   

6.
不同遗传背景下水稻剑叶形态性状的QTL分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  
以典型的籼粳交窄叶青8号/京系17的加倍单倍体（DH）群体和籼籼交珍汕97/明恢63的重组自交系（RIL）群体为材料,并应用这两种群体已构建的分子图谱,对剑叶形态性状中的叶面积、周长、叶长、叶宽、长宽比等进行了QTL分析。在这两个群体中,剑叶的这些形态性状均呈连续性分布,存在一定数量的超亲分离。在DH群体中, 4个剑叶性状共检测到8个QTL,分布在4条染色体上,其中第4、8染色体上各有1个QTL同时影响了叶长、 叶周长和面积。 在RIL群体中,5个剑叶性状共检测到16个QTL,分布在5条染色体上。其中第1染色体上有1个QTL同时影响叶长、叶周长、长宽比3个性状,第6染色体上有2个影响叶面积的QTL同时也影响叶宽,还有1个QTL同时影响叶长、叶周长2个性状,第11染色体上有1个QTL同时影响叶长、叶周长、叶面积3个性状。研究表明,不同群体的QTL初级定位结果存在较大差异,影响叶片相关性状的一些QTL位于同一染色体的相同或者相邻区域上。  相似文献   

7.
两种光、氮条件下玉米苗期根冠性状QTL定位   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以根、冠性状差异显著的亲本478和Wu312为基础材料,构建了含218个株系的F8重组自交系群体,利用该群体构建了包含184个SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱,图谱总长度为2 084.1 cM,平均图距为11.3 cM。在低光、高氮下和高光、低氮下对玉米苗期地上部干重、根干重、根冠比、最大根长进行了QTL定位分析,两种条件下共定位到21个与苗期根冠性状相关的QTL位点,低光、高氮条件下定位到11个QTL位点,高光、低氮条件下定位到10个QTL位点,分别位于第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、9染色体上。第6染色体上定位到7个位点,其中一个为控制低光、高氮下根干重的主效位点,贡献率为25.3%。在第1染色体上umc1335-bnlg1556区段同时检测到高光、低氮条件下地上部干重和根冠比的QTL位点,这些位点与地上部干物质的形成密切相关。  相似文献   

8.
Genetic Control of Germination Ability under Cold Stress in Rice   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
An F9 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population, derived from a cross between IR28 (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) and Daguandao (O. sativa L. spp. japonica), was used to construct a molecular linkage map and to identify germination ability including the traits of imbibition rate, germination rate, germination index, root length, shoot length and seed vigor at 14°C for 23 d. A composite interval mapping approach was applied to conduct genetic analysis for germination ability. The frequency distributions of the germination ability traits under the cold stress in the RIL population showed continuous segregation, suggesting they were quantitative traits controlled by several genes. A total of seven QTLs were identified on chromosomes 4, 6 and 9, including two for imbibition rate (qIR-6, qIR-9), one for germination rate (qGR-4), two for germination index (qGI-4-1, qGI-4-2) and two for root length (qRL-4-1, qRL-4-2). There were no detected QTLs controlling shoot length and seed vigor. The phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL ranged from 9.1% to 37.0%, and two major QTLs, qIR-6 and qGI-4-2, accounted for over 30% of the phenotypic variance. The expressions of QTLs were developmentally regulated and growth stage-specific. Most of the QTLs observed here were located in the regions similar to the QTLs for rice cold tolerance reported previously, indicating that these QTLs were reliable. However, qRL-4-2 is not reported before.  相似文献   

9.
A marker-assisted back-cross (MABC) programme was used to introgress four root quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from the tropical japonica rice variety Azucena into the Indian upland rice variety, Kalinga III. Previously we tested the products for root traits and reported that the introgressed QTL9 (on chromosome 9) significantly increased root length in the new genetic background. Here we describe field testing for agronomic traits in near-isogenic lines (NILs) that differ for introgressed QTLs. Four NILs were selected and characterised in replicated field experiments in eastern and western India over 3 years. They were tested by upland farmers in a target population of environments (TPE) in three states of eastern India, over 2 years. NILs out-performed Kalinga III for grain and straw yield and there was interaction between the genotypes and the environment (G × E). No effect was found for the root QTL9 on grain or straw yield, however, the presence of several introgressions significantly improved both traits. Some of this effect was due to introgression of Azucena alleles at non-target regions. Overall, the Azucena introgressions increased straw yield more than grain yield. While it has yet to be demonstrated whether this effect is due to improved root systems, this finding fits with the assumption that introgressed genes are involved in partitioning of biomass to the roots and stems, rather than to the grain. The NILs could replace Kalinga III for cultivation in medium upland environments in eastern India.  相似文献   

10.
The control of Rumex obtusifolius, even with the use of herbicides, is difficult in permanent grasslands where R. obtusifolius reduces both productivity and nutritive value of herbage. It is important to find alternative approaches to managing R. obtusifolius. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the impact of different cutting frequencies, which simulated grazing (three cuts), silage making (two cuts) and hay making (one cut) on shoot and root measurements of the vigour of R. obtusifolius. In both experiments the same cutting frequencies were imposed but in Experiment 1 the treatments were imposed for 2 years and in Experiment 2 for 1 year. Compared to the silage‐making and hay‐making treatments, there was a reduction in the vigour of the aerial parts of R. obtusifolius on the grazing treatment, associated with a reduction in the number of leaves (Experiment 1), in the size of the largest leaf (Experiment 1) and in the herbage mass of dry matter (Experiments 1 and 2). Roots had higher concentrations of total soluble sugar and lower concentrations of starch in the grazing treatment than in the other treatments. These results showed that a reduction in the vigour of R. obtusifolius in permanent grasslands is possible only if the plants are submitted to a high frequency of defoliation under cutting or grazing.  相似文献   

11.
To study the genetic relationship between grain yield and the nutrient contents in rice, 209 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between indica rice Xieqingzao B and Milyang 46 were used to determine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting the yields and contents of the two major nutritional components in brown rice. Seven traits were analyzed, including brown rice recovery (BRR), protein content (PC), fat content (FC), grain yield (GYD), brown rice yield (BRYD), protein yield (PYD) and fat yield (FYD). The nutrient contents were significantly negatively correlated with BRR, GYD and BRYD, and the variations on nutrient yield were mainly ascribed to GYD. A total of 22 QTLs distributed on 10 regions of eight chromosomes were detected. Two QTL clusters were found on the short arm of chromosome 6 and the long arm of chromosome 10, respectively. The former was responsible for all the seven traits, and the latter for all the traits except BRR and FC. In both regions, the maternal alleles decreased nutrient contents, but they increased the yields of grain, brown rice, protein and fat. Implication of these results for the breeding of rice varieties with enhancing nutritional capacity is discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Early vigor is important for crop establishment in rice. This study was conducted to determine the seed and seedling traits in relation to early vigor in rice. Laboratory tests and pot experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014. Morphological and physiological traits of seeds and seedlings were compared between two contrasting rice cultivars, Yuxiangyouzhan with superior early vigor and Huanghuazhan with general early vigor. For seed traits, Yuxiangyouzhan had lower seed hull weight but higher seed amylose content, seed amylase activity, and plumule–radicle ratio than Huanghuazhan, and consequently, Yuxiangyouzhan had about 10% higher germination percentage and velocity and 37% longer plumule than Huanghuazhan. For seedling traits, leaf area, specific leaf weight, leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein contents, leaf net photosynthetic rate, and shoot–root ratio were higher in Yuxiangyouzhan than in Huanghuazhan, and as a result, seedling shoot biomass was 23–32% higher in Yuxiangyouzhan than in Huanghuazhan. These results indicate that Yuxiangyouzhan has both superior seed and seedling vigor. The former is attributed to the low mechanical strength of seed hull, high conversion efficiency of seed reserve, and high mobilization of seed reserve to plumule, while the latter is due to large leaf area, high leaf photosynthetic capacity, and high partitioning of dry matter to shoot. This study enriches the physiological understanding of superior early vigor in rice.  相似文献   

13.
 抽穗期是决定水稻品种适应地区和季节的关键性状。水稻抽穗期QTL对产量性状和（或）株高具多效作用是个普遍现象, 但是, 除了Ghd7和DTH8（Ghd8）, 其他水稻抽穗期基因的多效性尚需进一步验证。本研究针对抽穗期基因RFT1 Hd3a所处区间和Hd1所处区间, 以珍汕97B为轮回亲本、密阳46为供体亲本, 构建了遗传背景基本一致的2个BC2F5分离群体;采用Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5进行抽穗期、株高及千粒重的QTL分析, 并根据RFT1 Hd3a下游17 kb处的连锁标记Si2944及Hd1的基因标记Si9337的基因型, 将每个群体中的纯合基因型材料分成4组, 比较其表型差异。结果表明, 这2个区间对抽穗期、株高及千粒重均呈显著作用, 它们之间不呈显著互作, 且Hd1所处区间对3个性状的作用均强于RFT1 Hd3a所处区间。  相似文献   

14.
Agronomic traits are important determinants to rice yield, which are controlled by complex genetic factors as well as genotype by environment(G×E) interaction effects. The G×E effects for agronomic traits of rice have been dissected with various approaches, but not with the current available approach, the association studies. In this study, a total of 32 655 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to carry out associations with 14 agronomic traits among 20 rice accessions in two environments. The G×E interaction effects for all the agronomic traits were at highly significant levels(P 0.01), accounting for 3.4%–22.3% of the total sum of squares except for the length of brown rice. Twenty three putative quantitative trait loci(QTLs), including five previously known and several new promising associations, were identified for 10 of 14 traits. Analysis of the relationships between the traits for which QTLs and the genotype effects could be identified suggested that the higher the genotypic effect, the higher the possibility to identify QTLs for the given trait. The new QTLs detected in this study will facilitate dissection of the complex agronomic traits and may give insight into the G ×E effects with association mapping.  相似文献   

15.

Background

Harvest index (HI) in rice is defined as the ratio of grain yield (GY) to biomass (BM). Although it has been demonstrated that HI is significantly related to yield and is considered as one of the most important traits in high-yielding rice breeding, HI-based high-yielding rice breeding is difficult due to its polygenic nature and insufficient knowledge on the genetic basis of HI. Therefore, searching for rice varieties with high HI and mapping genes associated with high HI can facilitate marker-assisted breeding for high HI in rice.

Results

Yuexiangzhan, a popular indica cultivar with good reputation of high HI was crossed with Shengbasimiao, an indica cultivar with lower HI to develop a recombinant inbred line population, and QTL mapping for HI and its component traits was conducted. In total, five QTLs for HI, three QTLs for GY, and six QTLs for BM were detected in two-year experiments. Among the three GY QTLs, one co-located with the HI QTL on chromosome 8, while the other two co-located with the two tightly-linked BM QTLs on chromosome 3. The co-located QTLs in each of the chromosomal regions produced additive effects in the same direction. Particularly, the HI QTL on chromosome 8, qHI-8, could be detected across two years and explained 42.8% and 44.5% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The existence of qHI-8 was confirmed by the evaluation of the near isogenic lines derived from a residual heterozygous line, and this QTL was delimitated to a 1070 kb interval by substitution mapping.

Conclusion

In the present study, the detected GY QTLs overlapped with both HI QTL and BM QTL, suggesting a positive relationship between GY and HI or BM, respectively. With an understanding of the genetic basis for grain yield, harvest index and biomass, it is possible to achieve higher yield through enhancing HI and BM by pyramiding the favorable alleles for the two traits via marker-assisted selection (MAS). As qHI-8 has a large phenotypic effect on HI and expresses stably in different environments, it provides a promising target for further genetic characterization of HI and MAS of high HI in rice breeding.
  相似文献   

16.
Triticale often out-yields wheat in both favourable and unfavourable growing conditions. Observed traits suggested for the higher yields in triticale include greater early vigour, a longer spike formation phase with same duration to flowering, reduced tillering, increased remobilization of carbohydrates to the grain, early vigorous root growth and higher transpiration use efficiency. To quantify the impact of these traits systematically across seasons and contrasting rainfall regions and soil types, these triticale traits were introduced into a wheat model (APSIM-Nwheat). The impact of each individual trait and their full combination was analysed in a simulation experiment for three Mediterranean growing environments, two contrasting soil types and long-term historical weather data. The simulated impact of these traits was compared with measured impacts from a range of field experiments across several environments. Simulated responses of various crop characteristics including yield, were in general similar to responses observed in wheat-triticale comparison field experiments across a large range of growing conditions. The simulation analysis indicated that the yield response to the incorporation of the triticale traits into wheat was positive, in both low and high yielding growing conditions, similar to measured differences, but the simulated benefit was on average lower than the range observed in data of triticale and wheat. This suggests that other traits might also be involved in higher-yielding triticale, or the magnitude of some of the traits may be underestimated in field experiments due to ‘trait by environment’ interactions. The simulation results suggest the highest yield benefit can be achieved from increasing transpiration use efficiency in wheat, but early vigour, remobilization of stem carbohydrates and early root growth also contribute positively to a yield increase in the different growing environments. The yield benefits from the triticale traits increased in the future climate change scenario in particular on soils with high water-holding capacity from contributions of increased early vigour, remobilization of stem carbohydrates and transpiration use efficiency, and remained stable on the lighter soils.  相似文献   

17.
春小麦旗叶长度、宽度及叶绿素含量QTL分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了提高高产和理想株型小麦的选育效率,以普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)宁春4号和宁春27号杂交得到的128个F9代重组自交系(RILs)为试验材料,利用从1 001个SSR标记中筛选出的307个在亲本之间存在多态性的标记对该群体进行遗传分析和QTL检测.构建了覆盖小麦21对染色体的包含291个SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱,遗传距离总计2 576.09 cM,标记间平均遗传距离为8.85 cM.以复合区间作图法(ICIM)分别对旗叶长度、宽度和叶绿素含量进行加性QTL检测,分别检测到6、8和4个QTL.多数QTL只在单一生态环境下检测到,说明这些性状受一定环境因素的影响.  相似文献   

18.
Today's modern Dent × Flint maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) hybrids have a high yield potential but often lack satisfying early vigour under typical low spring temperatures of temperate latitudes. Maize was introduced into Europe already in the 16th century and until the 1950s, landraces evolved and adapted well to various geographically restricted and climatically marginal regions in Europe. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess representatives of the large pool of Swiss Flint maize landraces for their early vigour under cool conditions in the field. A set of 17 landrace accessions were tested for 2 years at sites on the Swiss plateau (450 and 550 m a.s.l.) and in the foothills of the Swiss Alps (830 and 870 m a.s.l.). Plant emergence (PE), emergence index (EI), the efficiency of the photosystem II (Fv/Fm), leaf greenness (SPAD) and plant dry weight at the three- and six-leaf stages (DW3P, DW6P) were measured.  相似文献   

19.
为探讨水稻长穗大粒RILs群体主要品质性状的遗传规律,以自育的一个水稻长穗大粒品系FJCD与籼型三系恢复系IR24配制杂交组合,单粒传法构建含有178个株系的RILs群体(F11)为材料,分别在福州和沙县2个不同生态条件下种植,采用植物数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型及其相应的统计方法,研究水稻主要品质性状的遗传特征。结果表明:除了精米率呈多基因遗传外,其他9个品质性状的最适遗传模型符合主基因+多基因混合遗传。精米率、米粒长、米粒宽、米粒长宽比、透明度、碱消值和直链淀粉含量在不同环境中表现相似的遗传模型;整精米率、垩白度和垩白粒率表现不同的遗传模型。由主基因遗传率为主的有整精米率、米粒长、垩白粒率、垩白度、透明度、碱消值和直链淀粉含量;由多基因遗传率为主的有米粒宽和米粒长宽比。环境因素对碱消值的影响最大。在不同生态条件下稻米主要品质性状间的相关性有82.22%的比率表现较为一致,不因环境的变化而改变其相关性。因此,在稻米品质选择与鉴定时需对整精米率、垩白度和垩白粒率在多个特定环境中进行,才能提高育种效率;对由主基因和多基因遗传率为主的性状需分别采用不同选择方法和育种策略。  相似文献   

20.
Extending the phase of stem elongation (SE) has been proposed as a tool to further improve yield potential in small-grain cereals. The genetic control of pre-heading phases may also contribute to a better understanding of phenological traits conferring adaptability. Given that an optimized total time to heading is one of the most important traits in a breeding program, a prerequisite for lengthening SE would be that this and the previous phase (leaf and spikelet initiation, LS) should be under different genetic control. We studied the genetic control of these two pre-heading sub-phases (from sowing to the onset of stem elongation, LS, and from then to heading, SE) in terms of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in a barley double-haploid population derived from the cross Henni × Meltan, both two-rowed spring North European barley cultivars. DH lines (118) and their parents were studied in four field trials in North-Eastern Spain. Genetic control of a number of traits related to leaf appearance and tillering dynamics, which could be important for an early crop canopy structure, were also studied. LS and SE are, at least partially, under a different genetic control in the Henni × Meltan population, mainly due to a QTL on chromosome 2HS. The QTLs responsible for a different control of LS and SE did not seem to correspond with any major gene reported in the literature. Moreover shortening LS, so as to lengthen SE without modifying heading date, would not necessarily imply a negative drawback on traits that could be important for early vigour, such as phyllochron and the onset of tillering.  相似文献   

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