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1.
The objective of the study was to validate methods that assess the belly composition of stationary tested progenies of Piétrain boars. In German performance test stations, there are currently three methods of determining belly compositon in use: 1) a regression equation that contains different carcass characteristics, such as fat thickness and muscle area; 2) planimetric analysis of video or digital images acquired at the cut between the 13th and 14th ribs; and 3) estimation of the belly composition using ultrasound data from a three-dimensional ultrasound image produced an online carcass-grading system. Validation of these techniques was performed on 400 carcasses of stationary-tested Piétrain and Piétrain-sired crossbred pigs, which were slaughtered at a mean carcass weight of 85 and 97 kg. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) served as a reference to determine the lean content of the bellies. The correlation to MRI lean content ranged from 0.71 to 0.81, and corresponding correlation values were 0.62 to 0.64 for the digital imaging technique, and 0.53 to 0.59 for the AutoFOM online carcass-grading system. An increase in precision was achieved when information from digital imaging and linear carcass measures were included in the regression equation. Accuracy of the AutoFOM system does not seem to be sufficient to assess the belly composition for the special breeds in performance testing. However, extracting and combining 127 AutoFOM-base recordings into modified equations using partial least squares techniques yielded an improvement in the prediction accuracy for all tested breed and/or weight groups.  相似文献   

2.
The incorporation and elimination rate of dietary PUFA in pork fat was investigated in this study. Experiment 1 examined the incorporation of dietary PUFA into backfat (BF) and into the triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) fractions of the i.m. fat of the loin. Experiment 2 examined the elimination of PUFA from BF due to withdrawal of PUFA from the diet. In Exp. 1, Piétrain x Seghers Hybrid pigs (70 barrows and 70 gilts averaging 11 wk of age and 30 kg initially) were assigned to five dietary treatments in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement during a 16-wk feeding period. Pigs received a diet containing about 2.5% tallow (T) for 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 wk, followed by a diet containing about 15% full-fat soybeans (FFS) for 8, 6, 4, 2, or 0 wk, respectively. Additionally, BF biopsies were taken every 2 wk from eight pigs on the 8-wk FFS dietary treatment, starting from the time pigs were switched to the FFS diet. Linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)], linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)], eicosadienoic acid [20:2(n-6)], arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)], and PUFA contents in BF increased (P < .01) with time on the FFS diet, but contents of these fatty acids were similar for pigs fed FFS for 6 or 8 wk. The PUFA content of the biopsies rose throughout the FFS treatment; the greatest increase in PUFA occurred during the first 2 wk of feeding FFS. The PUFA content of the TG and PL fractions in i.m. fat of the longissimus muscle tended to increase with time on the FFS diet. The increase was significant (P < .01) in the TG fraction for 18:3(n-3) and in the PL fraction for 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-3). In Exp. 2, 11-wk-old pigs (10 barrows and 10 gilts) were fed a FFS-based diet from 11 to 19 wk of age, followed by the T-diet for an additional 8 wk. During the latter period, biopsies were taken every 2 wk. The elimination of PUFA from BF was greatest during the first 2 wk after the dietary change. The PUFA reached the lowest level at the age of 25 wk. These experiments show that the PUFA: saturated fatty acid ratio of BF can be increased from .34, corresponding with a T-based diet, to .55, by feeding a FFS diet for 6 wk before slaughter.  相似文献   

3.
In extension of earlier experiments in housing systems with perforated floors, utilization rates of solid floor with litter, straw in a rack and deep litter, as well as the behaviour and physical condition, especially of claws, were investigated. Each pen had an area of 0.45 m2/piglet. In further experiments the influences of race (DL instead of DL x Piétrain), kind of rearing (without straw instead of rearing with straw), lowering temperature and the effect of a preferred perforated floor in comparison with solid floor were investigated. Deep litter was preferred for activity and lying behaviour only in the case of low temperature (14-18 degrees C) whereas solid floor with litter was preferred in the case of higher temperature (19-25 degrees C). The perforated floor was equivalent to solid floor on the condition that the area dimension was sufficient, temperature 3 degrees C higher than in the other experiments and straw in a rack was offered. However, the utilization rates of solid floor increased in the case of lowering temperature by 4 degrees C. There was no significant influences of the different race or kind of rearing. In the experiments there were significant signs of a more harmonious condition of the animals and a shorter, respectively no period where the animals had to adapt to the housing conditions. These findings were in contrast to those of earlier investigations. The possibility of acting with straw led to an undisturbed circadian rhythm and to a higher rate of standing within the total activity which was as high as in earlier studies. Further social companions and environmental objects lost attractiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

4.
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5.
Intramuscular fat is an important meat quality trait in pig production. Previously, genetic variants of the heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) gene and the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) gene were suggested to be associated with intramuscular fat content. The objective of this investigation was to study these associations in the three most important Austrian breeding populations (Piétrain, Large White, and Landrace). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the H-FABP gene revealed a new MspI polymorphic site and genetic variation in all three breeds. Microsatellite analysis of the A-FABP locus showed up to nine different microsatellite alleles segregating. In Austrian breeds, no significant influence of the A-FABP and H-FABP gene polymorphisms on intramuscular fat could be detected. We also evaluated possible associations between the genetic variations at the H-FABP and A-FABP loci and other growth and carcass traits (average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, lean meat content, pH values, meat color, and drip loss). With regard to the extent of the effects, these genetic markers cannot be recommended for selection on growth and carcass traits in Austrian breeding populations.  相似文献   

6.
Summary

The severity and extent of osteochondral lesions have been examined, macroscopically, radiographically as well as histopathologically, in six different breeds of pigs (Belgian Landrace (B), Duroc (D), Dutch Landrace (N), Dutch Yorkshire (G), Hampshire (H) and Piétrain (P)). In these pigs three different levels of feeding were used.

Duroc pigs had significantly more severe lesions in the fore limbs than Dutch Landrace (N), Dutch Yorkshire (G), Hampshire (H) and Piétrain (P) pigs, while Belgian Landrace pigs (B) had significant more severe lesions than Dutch Yorkshire (G) pigs. The differences between breeds related more to the degree of severity of the lesions in the articular surfaces of the distal humerus and proximal radius‐ulna and in the distal ulnar growth plate than to the presence of the lesions per se. In the hind limbs Belgian Landrace pigs (B) had significantly more severe osteochondral lesions than all other breeds, while Dutch Landrace pigs (N) had significantly more severe lesions than Duroc (D), Dutch Yorkshire (G), Hampshire (H) and Piétran (P) pigs.

Pigs with the highest growth rate showed sginificantly more severe osteochondral lesions in the distal ulnar growth plate and in the medial fe,moral condyle than pigs with a more restricted growth rate.  相似文献   

7.
Clinical observations on leg weakness (1: sound, 5: severe defects or lameness) and pathological assessments on osteochondrosis (0: no lesions, 3 or 5: severe lesions) were carried out on pigs just before and after slaughter. The animals belonged to four breeds, viz. Duroc (D: 6 ♂, 12 ♀), Piétrain (P: 16 ♂, 6 ♀), Great Yorkshire (GY: 22 ♂, 13 ♀) and Dutch Landrace (NL: 6 ♂, 34 ♀, 44 ♂).Between breeds the leg weakness scores in boars' front legs showed minor differences (1.7–2.3); the hind legs showing more (3.0–3.8). In gilts the fore legs of the Piétrains showed the highest (3.7) incidence of defects. The hind legs in the D-gilts (2.5) scored best. The differences between the sexes were not of the same tenor in the various breeds.Between breeds within sexes, the D-breed and the GY-gilts showed the highest incidence of osteochondrosis in the fore legs; within the breeds the D, P and NL-gilts tended to be better than the corresponding boars. The boars' femur was less affected in the D (1.5) and NL-breeds (2.3) compared to the Piétrains (3.6) and GY (2.8). The gilts' medial femoral condyle showed the highest incidence of osteochondrosis in the P-breed (4.2). Within breeds the D and NL-boars were better than the gilts. The NL-barrows were the most affected within that breed.It was concluded that the degree of leg weakness and osteochondrosis of one sex in a breed cannot be translated to the other sex within that breed, nor to the same sex of another breed.  相似文献   

8.
1. The utilisation of fat and fatty acids supplied as maize oil, tallow or lard in the diet of 2-, 4- and 8-week old turkeys has been investigated: a mixture of 10% fat and 15% cellulose replaced glucose monohydrate in a low-fat basal diet. 2. At 2 weeks of age the absorbabilities of the fats were 96, 57 and 91% for maize oil, tallow and lard respectively; at 4 and 8 weekds of age the corresponding figures were 97, 70 and 92% and 98, 74 and 90%. 3. The unsaturated fatty acids (18:1, 18:2) were highly absorbed from all fats; this was true also of the saturated acids (16:0, 18:0) in the maize oil, but in lard and, especially, tallow the absorbability of these fatty acids was lower. 4. The effect of age on the utilisation of tallow could be explained by the improvement in the absorption of these fatty acids. 5. The determined and calculated ME values of the fats are given.  相似文献   

9.

Male mink kits (n=10 for each group) were fed diets supplemented with different fats for 12 weeks (September-November). The levels of digestible fat (8%) and energy content (7 MJ kg-1) of the diets were equal. The supplements used were beef pork fat, mink fat, broiler offal, rainbow trout offal, capelin oil, soybean oil and linseed oil. The growth and hepatic lipids (analysed by a thin-layer chromatography- flame ionization detection analyser) and fatty acid composition (analysed by gas-liquid chromatography) were studied. The pattern of weight gain of the mink fed the beef pork diet differed from that of the other mink. These kits reached high but delayed weight maxima compared with the other mink but then during November they lost weight rapidly. In liver, both the capelin oil- and linseed oil-fed mink had large concentrations of total lipids and triacylglycerols. The mink fed capelin oil were significantly heavier. The fatty acid analyses of hepatic total lipids and phospholipids revealed that the f -linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) of linseed oil was not efficiently metabolized to longer chain and more unsaturated fatty acids important for cellular membranes. It is discussed that 18:3 n-3 may not be as valuable for growing mink kits as the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the fish oils.  相似文献   

10.
The aim of this study was to study the population structure, to characterize the LD structure and to define core regions based on low recombination rates among SNP pairs in the genome of Piétrain pigs using data from the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. This breed is a European sire line and was strongly selected for lean meat content during the last decades. The data were used to map signatures of selection using the REHH test. In the first step, selection signatures were searched genome‐wide using only core haplotypes having a frequency above 0.25. In the second step, the results from the selection signature analysis were matched with the results from the recently conducted genome‐wide association study for economical relevant traits to investigate putative overlaps of chromosomal regions. A small subdivision of the population with regard to the geographical origin of the individuals was observed. The extent of LD was determined genome‐wide using r2 values for SNP pairs with a distance ≤5 Mb and was on average 0.34. This comparable low r2 value indicates a high genetic diversity in the Piétrain population. Six REHH values having a p‐value < 0.001 were genome‐wide detected. These were located on SSC1, 2, 6 and 17. Three positional candidate genes with potential biological roles were suggested, called LOC100626459, LOC100626014 and MIR1. The results imply that for genome‐wide analysis especially in this population, a higher marker density and higher sample sizes are required. For a number of nine SNPs, which were successfully annotated to core regions, the REHH test was applied. However, no selection signatures were found for those regions (p‐value < 0.1).  相似文献   

11.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

12.
Optimal ratio of lysine (Lys) to threonine (Thr) in diets for growing barrows [genotype: Piétrain × (Large White × German Landrace)] was established at 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 kg body weight (BW). N balance studies were conducted with diets based on constant mixture of wheat, barley, soybean meal and field peas. Supplementation of crystalline amino acids (AA) provided diets with Lys (diet A) and Thr (diet B) in first limiting position. For each BW range, totally 28 individual N balance data were utilized for assessing model parameters (exponential N utilization model) of dietary efficiency of Lys and Thr, respectively. Observed maximal dietary efficiency of Lys and Thr provided the database for conclusion of optimal dietary Lys to Thr ratio. Based on applied experimental conditions, BW dependent Lys to Thr ratio could not be concluded. On average, the dietary ratio Lys to Thr = 1:0.61 ± 0.02 was obtained as optimal for growing pigs.  相似文献   

13.
This study was designed to develop a method of improving the quality of sperm obtained from subfertile Piétrain boars. Seminal doses were filtered through neuter Sephadex columns (G-25 Medium, G-50 Fine, G-50 Medium and G-75, length 10 +/- 0.5 cm, flow rate 1 ml/20 s). Doses were prepared by pooling 10 ml semen samples collected from 58 asthenoteratospermic boars and diluted the sperm-cell rich fraction 1 : 6 in Betsville thawing solution extender. Sperm quality was determined before and after the filtering process. Sperm morphology and motility were assessed using the computer program SCA 2002 production, and sperm vitality was evaluated by fluorescence multistaining. ORT and HRT tests were used to determine the osmotic resistance of spermatozoa, and metabolic performance was assessed by measuring l-lactate production. Results indicate that the filtration process rendered increased proportions of mature spermatozoa and of viable spermatozoa with an intact acrosome, nucleus and mitochondrial sheath. Sperm filtration led to decreased percentages of spermatozoa with proximal and distal droplets and of agglutinated spermatozoa, along with slightly diminished ORT values. HRT scores and L-lactate production were unaffected. Our findings indicate that filtering through a Sephadex column improves the sperm morphology and vitality of seminal doses obtained from subfertile boars, but produces no functional changes in the spermatozoa. All four column types yielded similar results.  相似文献   

14.
Gas chromatography was used to study both the relative composition and level of nonesterified fatty acids in the blood of pigs, following target-oriented deflection of two hormonal systems, hypothalamus-pituitary gland-thyroid and hypothalamus-pituitary gland-adrenal cortex. The findings originally expected were not made. Percentual C-18 was increased, following long-time application of tri-iodothyronine/thyroxine, while c-12 was percentually lowered, as compared to the perchlorate group. Deflection of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-adrenocortical system caused slight alteration in both the composition and overall concentration of blood-borne non-esterified fatty acids.  相似文献   

15.
This study estimated genetic parameters for fatty acids of different sites of fat tissue, meat production, and meat quality traits of Duroc pigs selected during 7 generations for ADG, LM area, backfat thickness (BF), and intramuscular fat (IMF). For this study, 394 barrows and 153 gilts were slaughtered at 105 kg of BW. High heritabilities for C18:0 of outer and inner subcutaneous fat tissue were estimated, respectively, as 0.54 and 0.51; those of intermuscular and intramuscular fat were 0.40 and 0.51, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of ADG and BF with saturated fatty acids of outer and inner subcutaneous fat were positive, but those with C16:1 and C18:2 were negative, and those with C18:1 were nearly zero. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between LM area and respective fatty acids showed opposite results. Respective genetic and phenotypic correlations of melting points with C18:0 and C18:1 were positive and high, and negative and high, respectively. Genetic correlations between cooking loss and SFA (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) of IMF were positive and moderate: 0.56, 0.47, and 0.47, respectively. On the other hand, monosaturated fatty acid of C18:1 was highly and negatively correlated with cooking loss (-0.61). Moreover, high genetic correlation between meat color (pork color standard and lightness) and fatty acid compositions of IMF suggest that the SFA (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) were correlated genetically with meat lightness and that unsaturated fatty acid compositions (C18:1 and C18:2) were correlated with meat darkness. Results of this study suggest that the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue is correlated genetically with meat production and meat quality traits.  相似文献   

16.
A total of 600 crossbred pigs, whereof 56 were randomly selected for more in-depth studies of carcass and pork quality, were employed to test different tuna oil feeding regimens. The focus was put on the efficiency to enrich lean and adipose tissue with n-3 fatty acids and the expression of adverse side-effects on performance, carcass, and pork quality. The 4 treatments were 0% tuna oil in diet (T0; control), 1% of unrefined tuna oil in diet fed from 35 to 90 kg of BW (T1), and 3% of unrefined tuna oil in diet offered during the early (35 to 60 kg of BW; T3-E) or late stage of fattening (75 to 90 kg of BW; T3-L). With this arrangement, pigs consumed equal lifetime amounts of tuna oil (approximately 1.6 kg per pig). None of the tuna oil treatments had significant effects on performance. There were no differences in carcass quality among tuna oil groups except for group T3-E where carcasses and loin chops were fatter than those of the other groups. Water-holding capacity and texture of the loin as well as firmness and melting properties of the backfat remained widely unaffected by the treatments. Tuna oil feeding resulted in a lighter, less red and less yellow backfat and was found to increase the proportion of n-3 fatty acids to total fatty acids in all treatments. This especially concerned eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, but not alpha-linolenic acid. There was also a slight increase in oleic acid, whereas n-6 fatty acids largely decreased. Feeding tuna oil during a short period at the end of fattening (T3-L) or permanently during fattening (T1) proved to be similarly efficient in increasing n-3 fatty acid content of lean and adipose tissue (to about 1.6-fold of T0). By contrast, only two-thirds of this increase was found when the same amount of tuna oil had been fed exclusively during early fattening (T3-E). The decreased efficiency in T3-E was associated with better sensory flavor, overall acceptability grading, and oxidative status. The results show that, particularly under the condition of a continuous supply, much of the n-3 fatty acids ingested in early fattening can be recovered in pork. These findings give farmers flexibility as to when and how pork can be enriched in n-3 fatty acids with fish oil.  相似文献   

17.
To provide further insights into ruminant lipid digestion and metabolism, and into cis-9,trans-11 18:2 synthesis, 12 growing Engadine lambs grazing either mountain pasture (2,250 m above sea level; n = 6) or lowland pasture (400 m above sea level; n = 6) were studied. Both pastures consisted exclusively of C(3) plants. Before the experiment, all animals grazed a common pasture for 6 wk. Grasses and perirenal adipose tissues of the sheep were analyzed for fatty acids by gas chromatography. Stable C-isotope ratios (δ(13)C values in ‰ vs. the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite standard) were determined in the composite samples by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The δ(13)C of the individual fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The δ(13)C value of the entire mountain pasture grass was -27.5‰ (SD 0.31), whereas that of the lowland pasture grass was -30.0‰ (SD 0.07). This difference was reflected in the perirenal adipose tissues of the corresponding sheep (P < 0.05), even though the δ(13)C values were less in the animals than in the grass. The δ(13)C values for cis-9 16:1 and cis-9 18:1 in perirenal fat differed between mountain and lowland lambs (P < 0.05). The 16:0 in the adipose tissue was enriched in (13)C by 5‰ compared with the dietary 16:0, likely as a result of partly endogenous synthesis. The δ(13)C values of cis-9,trans-11 18:2 (cis-9,trans-11 CLA) in the adipose tissue were smaller than those of its dietary precursors, cis-9,cis-12 18:2 and cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3; conversely, the δ(13)C values of trans-11 18:1 were not, suggesting that large proportions of perirenal cis-9,trans-11 18:2 were of endogenous origin and discrimination against (13)C occurred during Δ(9)-desaturation. The same discrimination was indicated by the isotopic shift between 16:0 and cis-9 16:1 in the mountain grazing group. Furthermore, the δ(13)C values of cis-9,trans-11 18:2 were smaller relative to the precursor fatty acids in the mountain lambs compared with the lowland group. This result suggests a reduced extent of biohydrogenation in lambs grazing on mountain grass in comparison with those grazing on lowland grass. This was supported by the smaller cis-9,trans-11 18:2 concentrations in total fatty acids found in the adipose tissues of the lowland lambs (P < 0.001). The results of this study demonstrate that natural differences between δ(13)C values of swards from different pastures and the adipose tissue fatty acids could be used as tracers in studies of lipid metabolism in ruminants.  相似文献   

18.
An experiment was conducted to 1) compare the regression and fat-free diet methods for estimating total or basal endogenous losses of fat (ELF) and fatty acids (ELFA) and true digestibility (TD) or standardized digestibility (SD) of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs and 2) compare these estimated values at the end of the ileum and over the entire intestinal tract. Ten barrows (initial body weight: 45.1 ± 2.8 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to one of five experimental diets in a three-period Youden Square design. A fat-free diet was formulated using cornstarch, soy protein isolate, and sucrose. Four oil-added diets were formulated by adding four levels of soybean oil (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) to the fat-free basal diet at the expense of cornstarch. All diets contained 26% sugar beet pulp and 0.40% chromic oxide. Results indicated that there were no differences between true ileal digestibility (TID) of fat and true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of fat when pigs were fed soybean oil. The TID of C18:0 and total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) was greater than TTTD (P < 0.05). The total ELF at the end of the ileum were not different from that over the entire intestinal tract. In addition, total endogenous losses of C18:0 and TSFA were greater for the entire intestinal tract than at the end of the ileum, whereas total endogenous losses of C18:2 and total unsaturated fatty acids were just the opposite. Similar results were observed for basal ELF and ELFA. As the inclusion level of soybean oil increased, apparent digestibility (AD) of fat and fatty acids increased linearly (P < 0.05) except for apparent ileal digestibility of C18:0. However, SD of fat and fatty acids was not influenced by the inclusion level of soybean oil. Estimation of ELF and ELFA observed by the regression and fat-free diet methods did not differ when measured at the end of the ileal or total tract. There were no differences between the estimations of TD and SD of fat and fatty acids for soybean oil. Collectively, the estimation of TD or SD of fat can be measured over the entire intestinal tract, whereas the ileal analysis method should be used to determine the ELF, ELFA, and TD or SD of fatty acids. Correcting AD for basal ELF and ELFA can accurately estimate SD values of fat and fatty acids.  相似文献   

19.
The object of this work was to study the effects of crossbreeding on meat quality and fatty acid profile of Holstein calves. Samples were taken from Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle of 36 calves of three different groups (Holstein crossed with Rubia Gallega (HF×RG), Holstein crossed with Limousine (HF×LI) and Holstein crossed with Belgian Blue (HF×BB)). Significant differences were observed in carcass weight and killing out percentage (P < 0.001) among, groups reaching the highest values in the HF×BB group (228 kg and 59.4%, respectively), while the cross with Limousine presented the lowest values for carcass weight (191 kg) and the cross with Rubia Gallega showed the lowest killing out percentages (54.9%). Meat from HF×RG animals was redder (a* 13.31) and lightest (L* 39.55) than meat from HF×LI and HF×BB groups. With regard to fatty acid profile, the saturated fatty acids were the most abundant fatty acid, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the three groups. Crossbreeding did not affect the proportion of fatty acid. Finally, live weight, cold carcass weight, killing out, shear force, L* from LT, b*from LT, a* from fat, b* from fat, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:3n‐6, MUFA and price‐to‐sales ratio were the selected variables from discriminant analysis to classify the types of crossbreeding.  相似文献   

20.
Forty Large White pigs were fed from 30 kg to 103 kg body mass on diets supplemented with 6% of pure high-oleic sunflower oil (HO) or HO plus increasing amounts of partially hydrogenated rape seed oil (HR; 1.85%, 3.70%, 5.55%), containing high levels of delta 6 to delta 11 C 18:1 trans fatty acid isomers. Increasing dietary C 18: trans fatty acids resulted in a linear increase in C 18:1 trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) in backfat (BF) as well as in neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) of M. long. dorsi. Thus, the rate of bioconversion of trans vaccenic acid (TVA) into CLA and incorporation of C 18:1 trans and CLA into pig adipose tissue was not limited up to 25 g total C 18:1 trans fatty acids including 3.3 g of TVA per kg feed. BF was higher in C 18:1 trans fatty acids and CLA than M. long. dorsi NL and PL. In BF and NL the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased with increasing dietary amounts of HR, while in PL SFA were reduced. Thus, according to their physical properties, C 18:1 trans fatty acids partly replaced SFA in PL. Firmness of backfat was also significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing amounts of HR in feed.  相似文献   

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