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重金属及有机污染土壤转基因植物修复研究进展 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
植物修复是以植物忍耐和富集某种或某些有机或无机污染物为理论基础,利用植物或植物与微生物的共生体系,清除环境中污染物的一门环境生物技术,其核心是对植物能忍耐和超量积累重金属的生物学特性的利用。其具有费用低廉、节约土地资源或储藏费用、利用植物本身特性、不破坏生态环境和无二次污染等多方面的优点,有望成为一项具有广阔应用前景的治理重金属污染土壤的全新技术。基因工程技术应用于植物修复将是今后污染土壤修复研究领域的一个重要方向,这将为污染土壤植物修复的普遍推广提供了更大的可能。本文综述了近年来国内外重金属和有机物污染环境的转基因植物修复研究进展情况,重点介绍了重金属耐性基因和有机污染物耐性基因在植物清除土壤重金属和有机物污染中的应用。 相似文献
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土壤重金属污染已成为全球性的问题。文章简要介绍了土壤重金属污染的植物修复作用,就木本植物对重金属污染土壤的耐性机制以及其在重金属污染土壤方面的作用和优势研究进展做一综述,为进一步利用木本植物治理土壤重金属污染研究提供依据,并指出目前木本植物修复重金属污染土壤的发展趋势。 相似文献
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铅锌超富集植物及耐性植物筛选研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目前利用重金属超富集植物的提取作用从污染土壤中去除重金属被认为是最有前途的重金属污染土壤修复技术之一.本研究从植物修复作用机理入手,分析了超富集植物和耐性植物的特点与解毒机制,列出了Pb-Zn超富集植物种类,最后分析了Pb-Zn植物筛选中存在的问题,并对超富集植物的筛选和植物修复工作研究进行了展望,旨在为重金属铅锌超富集植物和耐性植物筛选研究提供技术参考. 相似文献
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桉树在土壤重金属污染区土壤生物修复的应用前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先提出了重金属污染的概念,指出了土壤修复的几种基本方法及其优缺点,对我国土壤重金属污染的现状及土壤重金属污染植物修复技术的研究进展进行了概括和总结。阐述了桉树作为重金属污染富集植物的研究依据,认为将桉树用于重金属污染土壤的修复,一方面可在避免种植食用性植物前提下对重金属污染的土壤实行植物修复,另一方面可缓解当前木材资源供给压力,提高经济收益,具有明显的科学和现实意义。 相似文献
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浅谈土壤重金属污染的植物修复 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国农耕地有1／5被重金属污染，目前治理土壤重金属污染常用理化方法，但成本昂贵，存在一定局限性。现在植物修复被重金属污染的土壤的技术，受到广泛重视。植物修复技术有植物吸收、植物挥发、植物稳定三大类型，它们各有自己的优缺点，运用综合技术修复被污染的土壤，成为未来的研究和发展方向。 相似文献
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土壤-植物系统中重金属污染及植物修复技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重金属污染对环境及人类的危害极大,其治理方法一直是国内外研究的热点与难点.阐述了土壤重金属污染的现状、危害;阐述了当前治理土壤重金属污染的新途径--植物修复技术,着重介绍了提高植物修复功效方法中提高土壤中重金属的有效性和改进超积累植物的性能;阐述了植物修复技术的应用前景. 相似文献
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指出了利用超富集植物去除土壤中的重金属已经引起国内外的广泛关注。回顾了国内外土壤重金属污染的事件,从4个方面论述了土壤重金属的污染来源,从重金属离子的迁移转运、超富集重金属植物的选择和植物的预警作用等方面探讨了超富集植物修复和应用,并对该领域中存在的问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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《林业研究》2020,31(4)
Soil characterization is a vital activity to develop appropriate and effective restoration protocols for mine wastelands while insights into the total content of heavy metals in the soil is an important step in estimating the hazards that the metals may pose to the vital roles of soil in the ecosystem.This study addressed the following research questions:(1) To what extent do the physico-chemical characteristics vary between mine waste sediments and the nearby forest soil?(2) Are the concentrations of heavy metals high enough to be considered as toxic?and(3) Are heavy metals present in mine waste sediments potential sources of pollution?We hypothesized that the physicochemical characteristics of mine waste sediments are less favorably for plant establishment and growth while the concentrations of heavy metals are very high,thus restricting the success of revegetation of mine waste lands.Mine waste sediments were sampled following a diagonal transect across tailings dams,overburden dump sites and the local forest soil from the top layer(0-20 cm) using a closed auger.Samples were analyzed for arsenic,barium,lead,cadmium,cobalt,copper,chromium,nickel,vanadium,and zinc as well as for soil physico-chemical properties.The mine waste sediments were dominated by silt whilst the forest soil by sand particles,with significantly high bulk density in the former.Both the forest soil and overburden sediments were acidic than the alkaline tailings dam sediment.Total organic carbon and nitrogen contents were significantly low in mine wasteland substrates but the concentration of Ca and Mg were significantly higher in tailings dam substrate than the forest soil.The concentrations of available P,K and Na were similar across sites.The mean concentrations of heavy metals were significantly(p 0.01) higher in mine waste sediments than the forest soil;except for cadmium(p=0.213).The order of contamination by heavy metals on the tailings was CuCo Ba Ni As Zn Pb Cr V Cd,and that on the overburdens was Cu Co Ba Ni ZnCr Pb V As Cd.The pollution load index(PLI)was nearly twice higher for the tailings dam(8.97) than the overburden(5.84).The findings show that the copper mine wastes(the tailings dams and overburden waste rock sites)are highly contaminated by heavy metals;which,in turn,might pose serious hazards to human health and agricultural productivity.In addition,poor macro-nutrient availability,substrate compaction and soil acidity(particularly on overburden sites) coupled with toxic level of heavy metals would be the main challenges for successful phytostabilization of copper mine wastelands. 相似文献
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指出了根际环境是根系和土壤相互耦合的生态和环境界面,对根际环境在污染修复过程中的研究成为当前土壤学和土壤生态学研究中的一个重要课题。总结了根际环境内根系和根系分泌物对污染土壤中重金属,有机污染物的吸收、降解、固定的生态功能;根际环境内的细菌对污染土壤中重金属,有机污染物的吸附、氧化一还原以及趋化性作用;根际环境内的菌根真菌对污染土壤中重金属,有机污染物的吸收、屏障及螯合作用;根际环境内的土壤动物对污染土壤中重金属,有机污染物的破碎、分解、消化和富集作用,并探讨了应该加深的研究方向。 相似文献
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This study evaluated the heavy metal concentration in plant tissues of Jatropha curcas grown in crude oil contaminated soil in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria, in 2010. The soil treatments included 0.0, 2.0 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0% w/w oil contamination. The results showed a significant buildup of heavy metals including iron, zinc, cadmium, copper, manganese, lead, chromium, and nickel in contaminated soils when compared to the uncontaminated subplots (p ≤ .05). The amounts of metals observed in this study are below tolerable limits according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Federal Environmental Protection Agency of Nigeria. A gradual accumulation and biomagnifications of these nonbiodegradable elements in plants can lead to dangerous or lethal levels with inherent health risks for humans and other organisms. 相似文献
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土壤重金属污染下植物效应研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
文章综述了土壤重金属污染下植物的生理生态变化,并且对植物的重金属抗性机理研究进展进行了总结,探讨了以超富集植物为重点的植物修复技术的研究进展。 相似文献
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Plants can remove or immobilize various environmental contaminants; however, little is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying responses to soil amendment with biosolids contaminated with heavy metals. We investigated the responses of cuttings of hybrid poplar clones Eridano and I-214 grown for a season in soil amended with nutrient-rich organic material from tanneries, which contains potentially toxic amounts of heavy elements. Plant growth traits, gas exchange parameters, stomatal density and leaf layer thickness of frozen-hydrated leaves, and foliar concentrations of heavy metals and nitrogen were determined. Overall, soil amendment increased net assimilation rate and growth, but the cuttings accumulated only small quantities of heavy metal soil contaminants. 相似文献
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Stervins Alexis Luis G. García-Montero Ana J. Hernández Antonio García-Abril Jesús Pastor 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(3):381-391
In the jaragua-bahoruco-enriquillo biosphere reserve, located on the southern border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti,
there are depressed rural areas with soils with high content in Cadmium and other heavy metals which originate naturally in
the geological substrate. Data from 80 soils and an inventory of 76 plantations (coffee and kidney bean were used) to design
a GIS (geographic information systems) tool which integrated statistical multivariate methods, soil parameters including heavy
metal content into models of land planning, agricultural development, forests and protection of the health of the area’s inhabitants
and the natural environment. This GIS tool is based on raster models of an open source, which use combination and reclassification
operations based on the maps, geostatistical methods (Kriging), statistical analyses external to the GIS, and cartography
of limiting and excluding particular factors for crops (including heavy metal soil content). The GIS tool developed discriminates
extreme situations in sustainable agroforestry planning in contaminated rural areas of the Caribbean, Central America and
other tropical regions. 相似文献
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Marmiroli M Pietrini F Maestri E Zacchini M Marmiroli N Massacci A 《Tree physiology》2011,31(12):1319-1334
Worldwide, there are many large areas moderately contaminated with heavy metals and/or organics that have not been remediated due to the high cost and technical drawbacks of currently available technologies. Methods with a good potential for coping with these limitations are emerging from phytoremediation techniques, using, for example, specific amendments and/or plants selected from various candidates proven in several investigations to be reasonably efficient in extracting heavy metals from soil or water, or in co-metabolizing organics with bacteria flourishing or inoculated in their rhizospheres. Populus and Salix spp., two genera belonging to the Salicaceae family, include genotypes that can be considered among the candidates for this phytoremediation approach. This review shows the recent improvements in analytical tools based on the identification of useful genetic diversity associated with classical growth, physiological and biochemical traits, and the importance of plant genotype selection for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. Particularly interesting are studies on the application of the phytoremediation of heavy metals and of chlorinated organics, in which microorganisms selected for their degradation capabilities were bioaugmented in the rhizosphere of Salicaceae planted at a high density for biomass and bioenergy production. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2021,32(4)
The development of the mining industry has led to the appearance in many parts of the world of vast technogenic territories from which toxic heavy metals enter the environment and food chains.Physical,chemical,and biological methods of cleaning industrial land due to technological complexity and hi gh cost are relatively little used on a large scale.Natural forest overgrowth of mining sites and the removal of heavy metals by woody plants can be an effective form of recovery.Therefore,the study of this process is of significant scientific and practical interest.The analysis of the annual growth in height and width of the annual rings of the stem of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.) in 2004-2019 was made on the territory of the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant(South Ural,Russia) contaminated with heavy metals.Relatively hi gh concentrations of copper and zinc were found in soils,roots,bark,young shoots,comparable to exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations.Despite the spatial uniformity of the heavy metal content in the stands,the tree samples significantly differed in terms of annual growth.Results suggest that the lack of nutrients and not stress from exposure to heavy metals is the main reason for relatively low growth rates on slopes of industrial wastes.It was confirmed by studying the annual growth in height of the undergrowth in habitats with different soil cover conservation.The data prove the relatively high potential of Scots pine for the natural recovery of industrial lands polluted with heavy metals by mining enterprises. 相似文献
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绥满公路两侧森林区土壤-植被重金属的分布特征及污染评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
测定绥满公路(301国道)海林至亚布力段森林区路侧土壤及红松等19种植物叶片中Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn,As的质量分数,研究5种重金属元素在公路路侧森林区土壤-植被中的质量分数分布特征.结果表明:土壤中5种重金属平均质量分数普遍高于背景值,土壤的单因子和综合污染指数计算结果显示,Cd为重污染,Zn,Cu,Pb,As为轻度污染,综合污染指数等级达到中度污染,但重金属质量分数除Cd略高外,其余均低于国家二级标准.Cd是道路交通重金属污染的主要污染物之一,公路两侧植物叶片中Cd质量分数随距离的增加而逐渐降低,土壤中Cd质量分数随距离增加先升高后降低.研究结果还进一步表明,公路旁侧森林区土壤与植被主要重金属富集区距公路约40～60 m范围之内.19种植物作为防治公路重金属污染林带树种的适宜性比较研究表明:蒙古栎、白桦、臭松等树种可以作为公路旁侧防治重金属污染林带的骨干树种推广使用;春榆、裂叶榆和毛赤杨等树种可作为重金属污染区绿化重点选用树种. 相似文献