共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
通过对安康中心城市的区位分析,结合秦巴山区蕴藏的丰富景观植物资源及自然山地、水域资源等优势,提出了构建安康中心城市地域特色绿地景观的途径是:因地制宜,确立城市绿地景观形象的意境定位;合理规划绿地系统,形成"水在林中,城在林里"的景观格局;尽快确立市树、市花、市果;合理规划城市绿化树种,塑造过渡带特色绿地景观等途径,从而打造富有地域特色的城市绿地景观。 相似文献
2.
Kevin Watts Amy E. Eycott Phillip Handley Duncan Ray Jonathan W. Humphrey Christopher P. Quine 《Landscape Ecology》2010,25(9):1305-1318
The focus of biodiversity conservation is shifting to larger spatial scales in response to habitat fragmentation and the need
to integrate multiple landscape objectives. Conservation strategies increasingly incorporate measures to combat fragmentation
such as ecological networks. These are often based on assessment of landscape structure but such approaches fail to capitalise
on the potential offered by more ecologically robust assessments of landscape function and connectivity. In this paper, we
describe a modelling approach to identifying functional habitat networks and demonstrate its application to a fragmented landscape
where policy initiatives seek to improve conditions for woodland biodiversity including increasing woodland cover. Functional
habitat networks were defined by identifying suitable habitat and by modelling connectivity using least-cost approaches to
account for matrix permeability. Generic focal species (GFS) profiles were developed, in consultation with stakeholders, to
represent species with high and moderate sensitivity to fragmentation. We demonstrated how this form of analysis can be used
to aid the spatial targeting of conservation actions. This ‘targeted’ action scenario was tested for effectiveness against
comparable scenarios, which were based on random and clumped actions within the same landscape. We tested effectiveness using
structural metrics, network-based metrics and a published functional connectivity indicator. Targeting actions within networks
resulted in the highest mean woodland area and highest connectivity indicator value. Our approach provides an assessment of
landscape function by recognising the importance of the landscape matrix. It provides a framework for the targeting and evaluation
of alternative conservation options, offering a pragmatic, ecologically-robust solution to a current need in applied landscape
ecology. 相似文献
3.
在借鉴世界各国高速公路发展、高速公路景观设计、景观评价研究的基础上,以哈大高速公路景观为实例,对黑龙江省高速公路景观现状进行了分析,建立较为系统、客观、简捷、实用且又能得到专家和公众认同的高速公路景观评价体系,并对该评价体系在其它高速公路路段的应用进行了研讨。 相似文献
4.
Landscapes are studied by pattern (the geographical approach) and by process (the ecological approach within landscape ecology). The future of landscape ecology depends on whether the two approaches can be integrated. We present an approach to bridge the gap between the many detailed process studies on species, and applied activities such as landscape evaluation and design, which require integrated knowledge. The approach consists of four components: 1) Empirical case studies of different scales, organisms and processes. 2) Modeling studies to extrapolate empirical studies across space and time. 3) Modeling studies to produce guidelines and standards for landscape conditions. 4) Methods and tools for integration to the landscape level, which can be built into multidisciplinary tools for design and evaluation. We conclude that in the landscape ecological literature, the steps 1 and 2 are well represented, whereas the steps 3 and 4 are mostly neglected. We challenge landscape ecologists to push landscape ecology to a higher level of maturation and to further develop its profile as a problem-oriented science.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
6.
Context
Although uncertainties are ubiquitous in landscape planning, so far, no systematic understanding exists regarding how they should be assessed, appropriately communicated and what impacts they yield on decision support. With increasing interest in the role of uncertainties in science and policy, a synthesis of relevant knowledge is needed to further promote uncertainty assessment in landscape planning practice.Objectives
The aim of this paper is to synthesize knowledge about types of uncertainties in landscape planning, of methods to assess these uncertainties, and of approaches for appropriately coping with them.Methods
The paper is based on a qualitative literature review of relevant papers identified in the ISI Web of Knowledge and supplemented by frequently cited publications. The identification and synthesis of relevant information was guided by a developed framework concerning uncertainty in landscape planning.Results
The main types of uncertainties identified in landscape planning are data-, model-, projection- and evaluation uncertainty. Various methods to address these uncertainties have been identified, including statistical methods for the assessment of uncertainties in planning approaches that help to cope with uncertainties. The integration of uncertainty assessments into landscape planning results is lacking.Conclusions
The assessment of uncertainties in landscape planning have been addressed by science, but what is missing are considerations and ideas on how to use this knowledge to foster uncertainty analysis in landscape planning practice. More research is needed on how the application of identified approaches into landscape planning practice can be achieved and how these results might affect decision makers.7.
Contemporary landscape ecology is not unified at all.There are historical, geographical and biological reasons for the lack of unification, as well as differences between science and application. The search for a unified theory of landscape ecology should consider previous concepts such as ‘landscape diagnosis’ and ‘landscape functions’ which were elaborated in Central Europe. Because of the various aspects in a landscape (components, processes, relations), landscape ecology should be regarded as a multidisciplinary, better a transdisciplinary, science where different views and approaches are involved in a holistic manner. The principle of complementarity is helpful to understand and describe the landscape. As a crucial step, the transformation of natural science categories to categories of the human society is brought out. This is realized by land(scape) evaluation and by the elaboration of goals (visions) of landscape development.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Experimental landscape ecology 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Experimentation in landscape ecology is widely conducted using diverse approaches to answer a broad range of questions. By assessing the response to controlled manipulations alternate hypotheses can be clearly refuted, model parameters quantified, and conditions are often ripe for unexpected insights. Results from landscape experiments complement the many well developed observational and modeling approaches more commonly used in landscape ecology. To better understand how landscape experimentation has been conducted and to identify future research directions, we reviewed and organized the diversity of experiments. We identified fifteen distinct landscape experiment types, which we categorized into four broad groups including (I) identifying landscape structure, (II) identifying how ecological processes vary within existing landscapes, (III) identifying how landscape structure influences ecological processes, and (IV) identifying landscape pattern formation factors. Experiment types vary along axes of scalable to real landscapes and generalizability, suitability for analysis through traditional experimental design and flexibility of experimental setup, and complexity of implementation and resource requirements. The next generation of experiments are benefiting from more explicit inclusion of scaling theories and tighter coupling between experiments and cyberinfrastructure. Future experimental opportunities for landscape ecologists include expanded collaborations among experiments, better representations of microbial-soil structure relationships at microscales, and direct evaluations of landscape interactions with global changes. The history, current practice, and future needs of landscape ecological research strongly support an expanded role of experimental approaches that complements the rich observational and modeling strengths of the field. 相似文献
9.
采用层次分析法建立了高尔夫球场园林植物景观的评价系统。结果表明:深圳地区高尔夫球场植物群落树木的平均胸径与植物景观之间存在函数关系A=aD2+bD+c。当植物群落的平均胸径大约为22cm时,其景观的评价值最高,为91分。 相似文献
10.
Clarifying Integrative Research Concepts in Landscape Ecology 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Integrative research approaches are intensely discussed in landscape ecology, in academia and in research policy. However,
confusion over the terminology hampers communication. Many current landscape ecological research projects have difficulties
to agree on a common understanding of the core concepts associated with different forms of integrative research. This is also
evidenced by the lack of discussion of integrative research concepts in published papers. This hinders integration in research
projects and makes the comparison and evaluation of the outcomes of different research concepts impossible. This paper discusses
and defines the meanings of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary (= integrative) research approaches to ease discourse
on their application in landscape ecological research. It reviews definitions of the concepts found in the research literature
and develops definitions of integrative and associated research concepts (disciplinarity, multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity
and transdisciplinarity) based on their degree of disciplinary integration and involvement of non-academics. Integrative concepts
are viewed as a continuum rather than as fixed categories. The paper discusses the need to develop integrative theory and
methods and argues that we should be more explicit when using integrative research concepts in project proposals, project
work and publications. Finally, the paper reflects on the ongoing discussion in landscape ecology concerning whether it is
developing from an integrative research field towards a discipline in its own right. 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
There is currently, widespread interest in the assessment of ecosystem services, and the new insights that the concept provides in understanding the ecology of landscapes and the science of sustainability. Three major assessment frameworks can be identified in the contemporary literature, namely one based on habitats, one based on the identification of the system elements that delivers the service, and one based on the understanding of places. Although all are useful for supporting decision making in relation to sustainable development, different situations require different perspectives, and so it is important to understand their advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, it is important to determine how they relate to other approaches used, for example, in landscape planning, so that the contribution that ecosystem assessments can make to sustainability debates can be better understood. The aim of this paper is to describe the strengths of the place-based approach because it is more easily overlooked as an assessment option. In particular we will argue that a place-based approach can help us better understand issues of multi-functionality, the valuation of natural capital and the role of landscape in framing debates about ecosystem services and sustainability. An appreciation of these issues will enable researchers interested in landscape to key questions and priorities in relation to questions of sustainability. Although it is useful to consider different assessment perspectives separately, we conclude that in practice, the habitat and systems approaches can form part of a place-based assessment, just as a better understanding of place can enrich assessments that spring from these more natural science approaches. Nevertheless, in designing analytical strategies to take the ecosystem approach forward, we suggest that it is vital to consider these different perspectives in order to build assessments that are relevant, legitimate and credible, and which can effectively address the problems of sustainability that emerge at the landscape scale. 相似文献
16.
17.
This paper presents a method for characterizing the complexity of landscape boundaries by remote sensing. This characterization is supported by a new boundary typology, that takes into account points where three or more landcovers converge (i.e., convergency points or coverts). Landscape boundary richness and diversity indices were proposed and calculated over 19 landscapes in South-East Brazil. Results showed that landscape boundaries, especially convergency points, provided an enrichment in landscape pattern analysis. Landcover boundary diversities were significantly related to landcover shape: elongated riparian units had the highest values for boundary diversity and coverts proportion indices. On the other hand, landscape analysis showed that indices of shape, richness, diversity and coverts proportion provided an additional evaluation of landcover spatial distribution within the landscape. 相似文献
18.
Carol L. Chambers Samuel A. Cushman Arnulfo Medina-Fitoria José Martínez-Fonseca Marlon Chávez-Velásquez 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(6):1299-1318
Context
Scale dependence of bat habitat selection is poorly known with few studies evaluating relationships among landscape metrics such as class versus landscape, or metrics that measure composition or configuration. This knowledge can inform conservation approaches to mitigate habitat loss and fragmentation.Objectives
We evaluated scale dependence of habitat associations and scaling patterns of landscape metrics in relation to bat occurrence or capture rate in forests of southwestern Nicaragua.Methods
We captured 1537 bats at 35 locations and measured landscape and class metrics across 10 spatial scales (100–1000 m) surrounding capture locations. We conducted univariate scaling across the 10 scales and identified scales and variables most related to bat occurrence or capture rate.Results
Edge and patch density, at both landscape and class levels, were the most important variables across species. Feeding guilds varied in their response to metrics. Certain landscape and configuration metrics were most influential at fine (100 m) and/or broad (1000 m) spatial scales while most class and composition metrics were influential at intermediate scales.Conclusions
These results provide insight into the scale dependence of habitat associations of bat species and the influence of fine and broad scales on habitat associations. The effects of scale, examined in our study and others from fine (100 m) to broad (5 km) indicate habitat relationships for bats may be more informative at larger scales. Our results suggest there could be general differences in scale relationships for different groups of landscape metrics, which deserves further evaluation in other taxonomic groups.19.
20.
As the concepts of landscape ecology have been incorporated into otherdisciplines, the influence of spatial patterns on animal abundance anddistribution has attracted considerable attention. However, there remains asignificant gap in the application of landscape ecology theories and techniquesto wildlife research. By combining landscape ecology techniques withtraditionalwildlife habitat analysis methods, we defined an organism-centeredperspectivefor breeding bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) alongthe Hudson River, New York, USA. We intensively monitored four pairs ofbreedingeagles during the 1999 and 2000 breeding seasons, and collected detailedinformation on perch and forage locations. Our analysis focused on threecritical habitat elements: available perch trees, access to foraging areas, andfreedom from human disturbance. We hypothesized that eagle habitat selectionrelative to each of these elementswould vary with the spatial scale of analysis, and that these scalingrelationships would vary among habitat elements. We investigated two elementsofspatial scale: grain and local extent. Grain was defined as the minimum mappingunit; local extent was defined by the size of an analysis window placed aroundeach focal point. For each habitat element, we quantified habitat use over arange of spatial scales. Eagles displayed scale-dependent patterns of habitatuse in relation to all habitat features, including multi-scale andthreshold-like patterns. This information supports the existence ofscale-dependant relationships in wildlife habitat use and allowed for a moreaccurate and biologically relevant evaluation of Hudson River breeding eagle habitat.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献