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<正>实验室信息管理系统(Laboratory Information Management System,简称LIMS)是由计算机硬件和应用软件组成,将实验室的分析仪器通过计算机网络连接起来,采用科学的管理思想和先进的数据库技术,实现以实验室为核心的整体环境的全方位管理。它是集资源管理、事物管理、网络管理、数据管理(采集、传输、处理、输出、发布)、报表管理等诸多模块为一体,组成一套完整的实验室综合管理和质量监控体系,实现检验数据网络化共享、无纸化记录与办公、资源与设备管理、人员量化考 相似文献
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简述环境监测机构实验室资质认定要素和建立实验室质量体系目的、方针、目标及质量体系的编制、宣贯、运行和改进，提出环境监测机构实验室运行与管理的重点，以保障实验室资质认定工作取得成功。 相似文献
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Phosphite is a general term used to describe the salts of phosphorous acid H3PO3. It is effective in suppressing a number of plant diseases caused by oomycetes and has been shown to reduce populations of several insect species. We investigated the effects of phosphite on the Colorado potato beetles in the field and laboratory. Beetle numbers and defoliation on phosphite-treated plots were lower compared to the control plots during one out of two years of the study. No phosphite effects were detected in the field during the second year of the study. However, larval mortality was significantly higher the second year in the laboratory when larvae were fed on potato foliage excised from the potato plants treated with phosphite in the field. Laboratory tests with excised leaves dipped in a solution of phosphite revealed lower beetle survivorship and prolonged development on the treated foliage. Because of its dual properties as a fungicide and an insecticide, as well as its low toxicity to vertebrates, phosphite is a potentially good fit for integrated pest management programs. 相似文献
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The intensive use of synthetic herbicides is questioned for many reasons. Bioherbicides, as integrated weed management tools, however, have the potential to offer a number of benefits such as increased target specificity and rapid degradation. Despite the efforts to identify effective bioherbicide agents in laboratory and field, only thirteen bioherbicides are currently available on the market. Since 1980, the number of biopesticides has increased around the world, while the market share of bioherbicides represents less than 10% of all biopesticides. Nevertheless, weed management implemented at the cropping systems scale needs bioherbicides because of legislation to drive weed management away from heavy reliance on chemicals, the global increase in organic agriculture, the need of both organic and conventional agriculture to increase weed control efficiency, concerns about herbicide resistance, and concern from the public about environmental safety of herbicides. Consequently, we review here the existing products on the market and describe their history, mode of action, efficacy and target weeds. This review is unique because we also discuss the role of bioherbicides in integrated weed management: to manage soil weed seedbanks with seed-targeted agents in addition to primary tillage, to increase the efficacy of mechanical weeding because bioherbicides are more effective on seedlings, to increase the suppression effect of crop cultivars by first slowing weed growth, to terminate cover crops particularly in conservation agriculture, and finally to manage herbicide resistant populations. 相似文献
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合理施肥是保持我国天然橡胶高产稳产的重要措施。但目前我国胶园在施肥管理方面还存在很多不合理的地方。本文以海南省儋州市为例,通过调研国营农场胶园和民营胶园的施肥管理情况,发现目前胶园施肥管理存在的一些问题,如土壤样品缺乏代表性、样品化验分析时效性差、施肥配方精准化程度较低和缺乏合理的橡胶树施肥技术等,进而提出制定胶园土壤采样标准、加强快速分析测试技术研究、科学制定橡胶专用肥配方和加强施肥环节指导等具体完善措施,从而为提高儋州胶园施肥管理水平奠定一定基础。 相似文献
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Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) has a worldwide distribution with a high capacity for damaging a wide range of food, forage and fiber crops. It has been reported extensively from all over the world that populations of this pest species have developed field resistance against many insecticides. The objectives of this study were to determine whether an emamectin benzoate resistant field population of S. exigua re-selected with emamectin benzoate in the laboratory (Ema-SEL) showed cross-resistance to other insecticides, whether resistance was stable under laboratory conditions, and whether there were fitness costs associated with emamectin benzoate resistance. Bioassays at G1 for the field population, gave resistance ratios (RRs) of 220, 149 and 38-fold for emamectin benzoate, spinosad and lufenuron, respectively, compared with a susceptible laboratory population (Lab-PK). Resistance ratios were increased by 526-fold and 6-fold compared with Lab-PK and the unselected field population (Ema-UNSEL, G6), respectively after selection with emamectin benzoate (Ema-SEL) for five generations (G6). Selection with emamectin benzoate had no apparent effect on susceptibility of Ema-SEL to spinosad and lufenuron, instead toxicity to the latter insecticides reduced, suggesting there was no cross-resistance between these compounds. Analysis of various life history traits suggested that the Ema-SEL population had a lower overall fitness (0.38) compared with the Lab-PK (1.0). Lack of cross-resistance and the apparent instability of resistance to emamectin benzoate suggest that spinosad and lufenuron are suitable alternatives for use with emamectin benzoate in resistance management. In addition, the high relative fitness costs observed suggests that emamectin benzoate-resistant insects are at a considerable disadvantage to susceptible populations in the absence of selection pressure although this remains to be tested under field conditions. 相似文献
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Mass- and laboratory-rearing of insects is a key component of several integrated pest management strategies. However, mass- or laboratory-rearing can have dramatic effects on insect performance via laboratory adaptation, inbreeding depression, inadvertent selection or through direct rearing effects (e.g. crowding and artificial diets). Thus, when rearing insects intended for field release, or when research is intended to reflect wild population performance, there is a need to establish quality under these conditions. In reality, however, much of the focus on quality control of mass- or laboratory-reared insects concerns maintenance of facility output (i.e. numbers) and, to a much lesser extent, individual trait effects (e.g. mating competitiveness or field flight performance). This is due to both practical issues (time or budget constraints), but also to limited understanding of the relationship between laboratory and field assays and the basic biology of the species. Regardless, trait performance is widely acknowledged as an essential factor in integrated pest management success. Recent studies on basic insect biology have made significant progress in understanding several aspects of field performance, such as the ability for thermal treatments to mitigate poor performance via phenotypic plasticity or the effects of artificial selection, and have lessons which may transfer to applied quality control for pest management. Here, we review the key challenges faced in insect rearing when focussing on quality control for field performance, some major recent advances in understanding field performance of insects in relation to environmental factors (e.g. thermal adaptation), and the potential synergies between basic biology and quality control research foci. 相似文献
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D. A. Rodriguez G. A. Secor N. C. Gudmestad K. Grafton 《American Journal of Potato Research》1995,72(11):669-679
Silver scurf, caused byHelminthosporium solani, is an important disease of table stock and processing potatoes, for which few management strategies exist. Two hundred-twelve accessions of tuber-bearingSolarium species were screened for their response toH. solani. Tubers were inoculated in the laboratory with a spore suspension, incubated for 1 mo, and evaluated for infection using the number of conidiophore groups per square millimeter of sporulating tuber surface. Tubers with relatively low sporulation in the laboratory were retested using natural inoculum present in potato storages and assessed for infection. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between accessions with both methods of inoculation. Some accessions ofSolanum demissum, S. chacoense, S. acaule, S. stoloniferum, S. oxycarpum, andS. hondelmannii consistently demonstrated low sporulation in laboratory and storage, suggesting partial resistance. Both methods of inoculation, laboratory and storage, were found to be correlated (ranging from r = 0.582,P= 0.006; to r = 0.925,P < 0.003). 相似文献