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1.
《土壤通报》2014,(6):1410-1415
采用ICP-MS和AAS测定了95批当归药材及其产地土壤中8种重金属元素和7种其他无机元素含量,研究药材与产地土壤中无机元素的相关性。结果表明,当归药材中的特征性无机元素是Fe、Mn、Mg、As、Cr及Ni,土壤中的特征性无机元素是Zn、Mn、Pb、Cr及Ni;当归药材中,无机元素Mn与Zn、Cr、Fe、Cu,Ni与Fe、Cd、Sb、Zn,As与Sb、Pb、Cr、Mn,Cu与Mg、Pb、Zn,Cr与Fe、Pb,Mg与Sb、Zn,以及Ca与Na呈显著正相关,而K与Na、Pb、Cd呈显著负相关;当归对土壤中的Na有富集作用;无机元素Sb、Ca和Na在当归药材与土壤中呈显著正相关。研究发现,中药当归含有丰富的有益无机元素,有害重金属元素含量极低,符合相关标准,在国际贸易及GAP种植方面具有明显的优势和广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
2.
皖南典型茶园茶叶中金属元素富集规律及其健康风险研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《水土保持学报》2015,(4)
为了解茶叶对土壤重金属的富集规律及其对人体健康产生的危害,在皖南山区典型茶园采集嫩叶、老叶及对应土壤样品各31个,测试Mg、Al、Fe、Mn、Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Ni 10种元素含量,分析茶叶中金属元素的富集规律、影响因子及对茶客的健康风险。结果表明,老叶和嫩叶中金属元素含量差异较大,嫩叶中Mg、Zn和Ni含量明显大于老叶,老叶中Al、Fe、Mn、Cr、As、Pb含量明显大于嫩叶,尤以Al差异最显著,老叶Al含量达到嫩叶Al含量的10.2倍。种植年限对老叶金属元素含量的影响大于嫩叶,茶龄越久,促进金属元素在老叶富集。低坡位有利于茶叶中金属元素的累积。茶叶对Mn的富集能力最强,老叶对Mn的富集系数达到5.301,茶叶对Cu和Zn的富集能力较强,对Al和Fe的富集能力最低。与无公害茶叶Cu、Cr、As、Pb限值相比,嫩叶中仅Cr有少量超标。嫩叶中Ni与土壤中Ni呈显著正相关,老叶中Ni、Mg与土壤中Ni、Mg呈显著正相关,其他元素的相关性不显著,说明茶叶中大部分金属元素不仅受土壤金属总量的影响,还受土壤金属元素形态、理化性质及大气沉降等因素影响。嫩叶中Al、Mn、老叶中Cr和土壤pH呈显著负相关。土壤有机质与嫩叶和老叶中任一元素均未表现出显著的相关性。茶叶中金属元素健康风险以Cr为主,通过摄取途径所引起的Cr个人年平均风险为1.08×10-4,Cr是主要的风险污染物,Cu、Pb、Zn处于安全范围之内。 相似文献
3.
农业生态与土壤中化学元素关系的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
曾昭华 《中国生态农业学报》2002,10(1):41-43
研究农业生态与土壤环境中化学元素的关系结果表明，农业生态与土壤的N、P、K、Na、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo、V、Co、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、Se、F、Tl、Ba、Te、Ta、Sr、Ti、Si及稀土元素密切有关。 相似文献
4.
采用溶液培养研究Se对Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片叶绿素和几种元素含量的影响结果表明,单用Cd处理,高浓度Cd使水稻幼苗叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn含量显著减少;单用0.10mg/L Se处理可显著增加叶片Fe、Zn、Mn含量。Se使较高浓度Cd(5.0~10.0mg/L)胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn含量高于单用Cd处理,Se与Cd的互作效应影响叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn含量。叶绿素a/b值不能作为水稻幼苗Cd毒害指标。 相似文献
5.
6.
为了开发有效的中华绒螯蟹产地判别技术,本试验以辽河水系和长江水系4个不同产地(盘锦、洪泽湖、兴化和梁子湖)的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)为研究对象,统一使用第三步足为试样,研究了Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba、Tl等12种元素"指纹"的产地差异性。结果显示,4个产地中华绒螯蟹间Na、Mg、Al、K、Mn、Fe、Cu、Sr、Ba、Tl含量差异达到极显著水平(P0.01)。主成分分析显示出与各产地关联较大的元素分别为:盘锦,Fe、Mn、Al、Na、Cu、Ba、Zn和K;洪泽湖,Mg、Sr和Tl;兴化,Ca、Mg、Sr、Tl、K和Zn;梁子湖,Fe、Mn、Al、Na、Cu、Ba。判别分析所得到的4产地正确判别率达100%。本研究进一步证实了"元素"指纹对不同/相同水系中华绒螯蟹产地判别均具有实用潜力,为今后的大范围应用提供新的理论依据。 相似文献
7.
氮、磷、钾对库尔勒香梨果实中矿质元素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在田间条件下,对20年树龄库尔勒香梨设置不同氮、磷、钾的施肥处理,用原子吸收光谱法测定香梨中7种矿质元素的含量。结果表明:库尔勒香梨果实中元素Ca、Mg、Fe、Na的含量相对较高,Zn、Cu、Mn的含量相对较低。与不施肥的处理相比,施肥能明显提高香梨Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Na的含量。香梨中Ca含量的施肥效应P>N>K,Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu含量的施肥效应N>K>P,Mn含量的施肥效应K>N>P,Na含量的施肥效应N>P>K。 相似文献
8.
基于矿物元素指纹的羊肉产地溯源技术 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探讨矿物元素指纹对羊肉产地溯源的有效性,找寻表征地域特性的元素指标,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析中国内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟、锡林郭勒盟和呼伦贝尔市3个牧区,及重庆市和山东省菏泽市2个农区脱脂羊肉和土壤样品中4种常量元素(K、Ca、Na、Mg)和13种微量元素(V、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Be、Sb、Zn、Se、Ba、Tl)的含量,对其进行方差分析、相关分析和判别分析。结果表明,羊肉中矿物元素含量组成在地域间有明显差异,农区元素含量普遍高于牧区。脱脂羊肉中Ca、Zn、Be、Ni、Fe、Ba、Sb、Mn和Se9种元素含量的地域差异与土壤相关,它们对农牧区的正确判别率达90%以上,对5个地域的正确判别率在70%～100%之间。利用羊肉中矿物元素指纹分析技术可鉴别和追溯羊肉的产地来源,为羊肉及其他食品的产地溯源研究提供方法参考。 相似文献
9.
表面活性剂与EDTA对紫色土镉的化学行为影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Elemental composition and geochemical characteristics of iron-manganese nodules from nine main soils in China were studied by chemical and multivariate statistical analyses to better understand the reactions and functions of ironmanganese nodules in soils and sediment. Compared to the corresponding soils, Mn, Ba, Cd, Co and Pb had strong accumulation, Ni had moderate accumulation, while Ca, Cu, Fe, Na, P, Sr and Zn accumulated to a minor degree in the iron-manganese nodules. In contrast, Si, Al, K, Mg and Ti were reduced in the iron-manganese nodules. The contents of Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were positively and significantly correlated with that of MnO2 in the iron-manganese nodules, while the contents of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were positively and significantly correlated with that of Fe2O3 in soils. Based on a principle component analysis, the elements of iron-manganese nodules were divided into four groups： 1） Mn, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Li, Ni, Pb and Zn that were associated with Mn oxides, 2） Fe, Cr and P that were associated with Fe oxides, 3） Si, K, and Mg that were included in the elemental composition of phyllosilicate, and 4） Ca, Na, Al and Ti that existed in todorokite, birnessite, lithiophorite and phyllosilicate. It was suggested that accumulation, mineralization and specific adsorption were involved in the formation processes of soil iron-manganese nodules. 相似文献
10.
通过现场采样及室内测试方法,分析了珠江三角洲污灌区土壤中9种重金属Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ni、As、Cr、Se的含量分布特征。结果表明,污灌区土壤9种重金属的全量平均含量均已超出广东省土壤背景值,其中Cd的污染程度最重,Se的污染程度最轻;污灌区土壤以Cd元素的有效系数最高,Ni元素的有效系数最低。Zn、Pb、Cu以及Cd元素随采样深度的增加其全量逐渐减少,Cr、Ni、As以及Se元素随采样深度的增加其全量呈上下波动状态或几乎不变,而Mn元素则是随采样深度的增加其全量先略有减少而后骤升。Cu、Cd、Zn等3种元素全量与有效态含量以及这3种元素全量间均呈显著或极显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
11.
Gonzálvez A Armenta S Pastor A de la Guardia M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):4943-4954
Different sample preparation methods were evaluated for the simultaneous multielement analysis of wine samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Microwave-assisted digestion in closed vessel, thermal digestion in open reactor, and direct sample dilution were considered for the determination of Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Tl, Pb, and Bi in 12 samples of red wine from Valencia and Utiel-Requena protected designation of origin. ICP-MS allows the determination of 17 elements in most of the samples, and using ICP-OES, a maximum of 15 elements were determined. On comparing the sample pretreatment methodology, it can be concluded that the three assayed procedures provide comparable results for the concentration of Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Sr by ICP-OES. Furthermore, ICP-MS data found for Cu, Pb, and Ba were comparable. Digestion treatment provides comparable values using both total decomposition in open system and microwave-assisted treatment for Cu by ICP-OES and for Cr, Ni, and Zn by ICP-MS. Open vessel total digestion provides excess values for Cr, Mn, Fe, and Zn by ICP-OES and defect values for Se. However, direct measurement of diluted wine samples provided uncomparable results with the digestion treatment for Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ba, and Bi by ICP-OES and for Mg, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Zn by ICP-MS. Therefore, it can be concluded that microwave-assisted digestion is the pretreatment procedure of choice for elemental analysis of wine by ICP-based techniques. 相似文献
12.
Twenty-four Spanish thyme honey samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Twenty-four minerals were quantified for each honey. The elements Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, S, Se, Si, Sr, and Zn were detected in all samples; seven elements are very abundant (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S, and Si), and six are not abundant (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, and Zn). Eleven of them are trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Mo, Pb, Se, Sr, and V) at <1 mg kg(-)(1). Classification of thyme honeys according to their origin (coast, mountains) was achieved by pattern recognition techniques on the mineral data. By means of principal component analysis, a good separation by geographical origin is obtained when scores for the two first principal components are plotted. Classification functions of 11 metals (Al, As, Cr, Cu, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, and V) were obtained using stepwise discriminant analysis and applied to classify correctly approximately 100% of the honey samples. 相似文献
13.
Kwoczek M Szefer P Hać E Grembecka M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(8):3015-3024
The concentrations of 15 elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, Se, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ca, Na, K, and Mg) were determined in the edible parts of shellfish on sale in the local market in Gdańsk. The samples consisted of three groups--crustaceans, molluscs, and surimi--that are processed to different degrees. For the purposes of this analysis, they were dried, homogenized, and digested in an automatic microwave system. The samples were analyzed quantitatively for Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Mg, Na, K, and Ca (F-AAS), Cd and Pb (GF-AAS), Se (HG-AAS), and Hg (CV-AAS). The elemental levels detected in shellfish were compared to those in cod, herring, pork, beef, chicken, and eggs. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of essential elements and the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of toxic elements were estimated. With factor analysis of the data, taxonomically different groups of raw and processed shellfish could be distinguished. 相似文献
14.
我国几种土壤中铁锰结核的元素组成和地球化学特点 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The objective of this research was to isolate a dichlorvos （2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate）-degrading strain of Ochrobactrum sp., and determine its effectiveness in remediation of a dichlorvos-contaminated soil. A dichlorvos-degrading bacterium （strain DDV-1） was successfully isolated and identified as an Ochrobactrum sp. based on its 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Strain DDV-1 was able to utilize dichlorvos as a sole carbon source, and the optimal pH and temperature for its cell growth and degradation were 7.0 and 30 ℃, respectively. Also, the growth and degradation of strain DDV-1 showed the same response to dissolved oxygen. In addition, the soil degradation test indicated that in soil spiked with 100 mg L^-1 or 500 mg L^-1 dichlorvos and inoculated with 0.5% or 1.0% （v/v） strain DDV-1, complete degradation of dichlorvos could be achieved in 24 h. The present study showed that strain DDV-1 was a fast dichlorvos-degrading bacterium in soil. However, further research will be needed to clarify the degradation pathway and the properties of the key enzymes involved in its biodegradation. 相似文献
15.
Germund Tyler 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1981,15(3):353-369
The study quantifies the amount of metals (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, V, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) leached from the A-horizon of a podzolic spruce forest soil in southern Sweden during 2.5 yr, and offers statistical evidence of environmental conditions of importance to metal release. Considerable losses of Pb, Cr, Ni and V may occur from the A-horizon of forest soils under conditions favoring leaching of organic matter, Fe, and Al, i.e. during periods of comparably high soil temperature and moisture. Metals with a larger fraction present in exchangeable form (Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cd) are more susceptible to minor pH changes. An accelerated deposition or internal production of acidic matter therefore will reduce the retention times of these elements particularly. 相似文献
16.
Torgny Wiederholm Anne-marie Wiederholm Goran Milbrink 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,33(1-2):131-154
The fluxes of metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in two spruce forest soils in S. Sweden were quantified using the lysimeter technique. Amounts in precipitation (dry and wet), throughfall, litterfall and annual accumulation in biomass were also quantified, as well as stores in soil and biomass. The metal concentrations of the soil solutions varied greatly according to season. The leaching of some metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, and organic forms of Al) was associated with the leaching of organic matter. These complexes were leached from the A horizon in considerable amounts. They were precipitated in the upper B horizon and only small amounts were transported further downward. By contrast, the leaching of Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Cd, Zn, Ni, and inorganic forms of Al increased with increasing soil depth. The concentrations of these metals also increased with increasing soil solution acidity. The highest concentrations were often found at the transition to the C horizon. The amounts of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Al, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni leached from the rooting zone were found to be larger than the amounts deposited from the atmosphere, the main source of these metals being the mineral soil. The reverse was true of Ph, Cu, and Fe, the sink being the upper part of the B horizon. 相似文献
17.
Concentrations of chemical elements in tree roots including heavy metals from air pollution Total concentrations of P, S, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were measured in roots from beech, spruce, ash, maple and a forest herb (Mercurialis perennis). The root samples were taken from a site with an acid soil type (Saure Braunerde) and from a site with calcareous soil (Rendzina). All elements except Mn, Zn and Pb (on acid soils) and Ca (on calcareous soils) showed higher concentrations in finest roots (<1 mm diameter) compared to fine roots (1–2 mm). In the case of the toxic heavy metals, this is interpreted as a consequence of reduced root uptake due to physiological processes or to organic complexing, followed by an accumulation at the root surface. Compared with aboveground plant parts, roots show accumulation of Al, Pb, Cd and Zn, indicating reduced translocation from roots to shoots. Roots from acid soil show higher concentrations of P, Mn, and Pb than in calcareous soil. The concentrations of Al and heavy metals in the roots are considered to be a consequence of the contamination of the investigated forest sites by long-range transported air pollutants, i.e. acid precipitation and deposition of heavy metals. 相似文献
18.
Jaworska Magdalena Gorczyca Anna Sepiol Jadwiga Tomasik Piotr 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,93(1-4):157-166
The effect of sixteen metal ions: Al, Cd, Co(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Fe(III), Li, Mg, Mn(II), Mo(VI), Ni(II), Pb(II), Se(IV), V(V), and Zn on the mortality and infectivity ofHeterorhabditis bacteriophora were observed over a 96 hr period. All ions except Pb(II) even at naturally unrealistic concentrations did not cause the mortality of the nematodes. A weak vitalizing effect could eventually be observed with Mn(II), Mg, Fe(III) and Ni(II) (Table 1). However, such treatment generally lowered infectivity of the nematodes with respect to wax moth caterpillars.Galleria mellonella. This effect was particularly significant with Ni(II) and Pb(II). 相似文献
19.
Ali A. Al‐Jaloud Ghulam Hussain Adnan J. Al‐Saati Shaik Karimulla 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1677-1692
Effect of wastewater irrigation was investigated on mineral composition of corn and sorghum plants in a pot experiment. The ranges for the concentration of different minerals in corn plants were 0.67–0.89% calcium (Ca), 0.38–0.58% magnesium (Mg), 0.09–1.29% sodium (Na), 0.81–1.87% nitrogen (N), 1.81–2.27% potassium (K), 0.12–0.16% phosphorus (P), 190–257 mg/kg iron (Fe), 3.5–5.6 mg/kg copper (Cu), 37.1–44.5 mg/kg manganese (Mn), 21.6–33.6 mg/kg zinc (Zn), 1.40–1.84 mg/kg molydbenum (Mo), 11.0–45.7 mg/kg lead (Pb), and 2.5–10.8 mg/kg nickel (Ni). Whereas for sorghum plants, the ranges were: 0.56–0.68% Ca, 0.19–0.32% Mg, 0.02–0.27% Na, 0.69–1.53% N, 1.40–1.89% K, 0.10–0.14% P, 190–320 mg/kg Fe, 3.8–6.0 mg/kg Cu, 29.2–37.6 mg/kg Mn, 21.1–29.9 mg/kg Zn, 2.2–3.7 mg/kg Mo, 12.3–59.0 mg/kg Pb, and 2.5–15.2 mg/kg Ni. Heavy metals such as cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd) were below detection limits at mg/kg levels. The concentrations of Ca, N, K, P, Cu, and Mn in corn plants were in the deficient range except for Mg, Fe, Zn, and Al. The concentrations of Ca, N, P, K, Cu, Mn, Mg, and Zn in sorghum plants were in the deficient range except for Fe and aluminum (Al). The analysis of regression indicated a strong interaction between Pb, Ni, Ca, and Fe in corn and sorghum plants. In conclusion, waste water irrigation did not increase mineral concentrations of either macro‐ and micro‐elements or heavy trace metals in corn and sorghum plants to hazardous limits according to the established standards and could be used safely for crop irrigation. 相似文献
20.
Baseline element concentrations are given for dune grass (Ammophilia arenaria), willow (Salix repens), moss (Hylocomium splendens) and associated surface soils. Baseline and variability data for pH, ash, Al, As, Ba, C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, Ti, V, Y, Yb, and Zn are reported; however, not all variables are reported for all media because, in some media, certain elements were below the analytical detection limit. Spatial variation in element concentration between five Frisian Islands are given for each of the sample media. In general, only a few elements in each media showed statistically significant differences between the islands sampled. The measured concentrations in all sample media exhibited ranges that cannot be attributed to anthropogenic additions of trace elements, with the possible exception of Hg and Pb in surface soils. 相似文献