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1.
H. López-Delgado M. E. Mora-Herrera H. A. Zavaleta-Mancera M. Cadena-Hinojosa I. M. Scott 《American Journal of Potato Research》2004,81(3):171-176
A modification of the standard thermotherapy used to eliminate virus from potato virus X (PVX)-infectedSolanum tuberosum microplants of the Mexican National Potato Program is described here. Microplants were cultured with or without 10-5 M salicylic acid (SA) for 4 wk, then subcultured without SA and exposed to 42 C for 30 days. Survival was more consistent in SA-treated microplants: among seven genotypes, 40% to 100% of SA-treated microplants and 0% to 96% of controls survived at the end of thermotherapy. SA also improved survival of the post-thermotherapy subculture. Among surviving microplants, SA increased the virus-free yield to 100% from 40% to 65% in the controls. In an additional 30 PVX(+) genotypes, 98% of surviving SA-treated microplants were virus-free after thermotherapy, compared to 75% of controls. SA-treated microplants had lower catalase activity and higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. 相似文献
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Development of alternative serological techniques to ELISA for detection of potato viruses offers advantages for monitoring virus incidence and for seed potato certification systems. Several trials showed that multiplex tissue print immunoassay (TPIA) and dot blot immunoassay (DBIA) might represent fast, practical, and sensitive alternatives for the detection of: Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato virus Y (PVY), from green and/or tuber tissues. In TPIA, the specific precipitation patterns in infected tissues of leaf petioles or stem cross sections, observed with each virus, allowed identification of the specific virus or mixed infections in a single multiplex assay. For detection of PVY in green tissues, DBIA was shown to be over 50 times more sensitive than ELISA. TPIA and ELISA from the tuber stem end or from eyes might be used for rapid detection of PVY and PVS in seed potato tubers without prior germination. PVS was evenly distributed in potato tuber tissue, while PVY was localized in the vascular tissue beneath the epidermis, with irregular distribution along the periphery of the potato tuber. For laboratories in developing countries lacking time and facilities for tests based on tuber germination, monitoring for PVS and PVY using TPIA in tuber tissue may be a suitable alternative to ELISA. 相似文献
4.
N. Ioannou 《Potato Research》1989,32(1):33-47
Summary The infection pressure of two viruses, potato leafroll (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY), both common in seed potatoes grown
in Cyprus, was determined in three experiments in 1982–83. Virus-free bait plants, of potato and four other species, were
exposed weekly to field infection during the growing season (March–June), and then returned to an aphid-free glasshouse for
symptom expression. Only tobacco plants produced clear symptoms enabling reliable assessment of PVY infection pressure. When
assessed with ELISA or by tuber indexing, the potato plants were efficient baits for both viruses whose infection period commenced
at emergence (mid March to early April) and ended within 6–7 weeks. The seasonal trend of aphid populations, determined with
Moericke traps or 100-leaf counts, correspond to that of virus spread. Correlation and regression analysis of aphid and virus
data implicated the alate form ofMyzus persicae as the principal vector of both viruses. 相似文献
5.
Summary Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) and potato virus Y (PVY) were isolated from plants of cultivar Kennebec with severe necrotic
symptoms in the field. In the greenhouse, severe necrotic symptoms were reproduced only when potato plants were infected either
simultaneously with PSTV+PVY, or with PSTV prior to PVY infection. Thirteen additional potato cultivars were tested in the
greenhouse for this synergistic reaction and eight developed necrotic responses similar to cv. Kennebec. PVY concentration
was significantly higher in doubly infected plants, compared with those infected with PVY alone. 相似文献
6.
1984～1985年,作者在北京延庆县田间观察马铃薯脱毒种薯早收对减少种薯感染病毒的效果。在桃蚜迁飞高峰后10～15天割秧的(以下简称割秧)病毒感染率很低:1984年0.08～0.25%;1985年1.17～1.50%。不割秧的病毒感染率很高:1984年0.83%;1985年3.30%。翌年挖取芽眼经病毒提取作PVX、PVY和TMA血清鉴定,割秧者呈阴性反应,不割秧者呈阳性。翌年将所得种薯栽种田间目测病毒症状,割秧者未见症状,不割秧者病毒株率5.5%。割秧每亩8000穴的亩产10克以上的种薯块数达32240～37600块,而不割秧正常密度的亩产10克以上种薯块数只16400～26800块。因此,早割秧密植不仅可以减少病毒感染,而且利于加大种薯繁殖系数。 相似文献
7.
嫩江县位于黑龙江省西北部,土质肥沃,林、草、水源丰富,具有优越的地理位置和丰富的自然资源。该地区昼夜温差大,有利于马铃薯块茎淀粉的积累,所以种植的马铃薯产量高,且品质好。为了充分利用脱毒马铃薯的无病毒感染、结薯早、膨大快、产量高和品质好等优点,总结了适合该地区的脱毒马铃薯高产高效栽培技术,包括品种选择与种薯处理、选地整地、合理施肥、田间管理、病虫草害防治以及收获贮藏。 相似文献
8.
R. G. Novy S. L. Love D. L. Corsini J. J. Pavek J. L. Whitworth A. R. Mosley S. R. James D. C. Hane C. C. Shock K. A. Rykbost C. R. Brown R. E. Thornton N. R. Knowles M. J. Pavek N. Olsen D. A. Inglis 《American Journal of Potato Research》2006,83(1):9-19
The potato cultivar Defender is high-yielding, white-skinned, and notable for having foliar and tuber resistance to late blight infection caused byPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. It was released in 2004 by the USDA-ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Defender is suitable for processing into french fries and other frozen potato products directly from the field or from storage. Defender also may be used for fresh markets in regions such as California, where cultivars with long tubers and white skin are traditionally grown. Resistances to late blight and other potato diseases make Defender an ideal candidate for organic potato production. Defender consistently produced greater total and U.S. No. 1 yields than ‘Russet Burbank’ in Idaho trials. In early harvest trials conducted in the western U.S., average total yields of Defender were 17% and 23% greater than yields for ‘Ranger Russet’ and ‘Shepody’, respectively. In full-season trials conducted in the western U.S., Defender averaged 10% and 15% higher yields than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, respectively. Specific gravity of Defender is consistently high, with values comparable to those of Ranger Russet; tuber ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) levels are also high. In addition to late blight, Defender also is resistant to tuber early blight (Alternaria solani, (Ellis & G. Martin), L.R. Jones & Grout), potato virus X, and net necrosis; it has moderate levels of resistance to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae, Kleb), pink rot, foliar early blight, corky ringspot, and Erwinia soft rot. Defender is susceptible to scab (common and powdery) and potato leafroll virus; it has moderate susceptibility to dry rot (Fusarium spp.) and potato virus Y. Susceptibilities to internal necrosis, tuber greening, and blackspot bruise also have been noted, but may be minimized through cultural and harvest practices. 相似文献
9.
N. S. Wright 《American Journal of Potato Research》1977,54(4):147-149
Numbers and specific gravity of Netted Gem potato tubers were unaffected by mottle and latent strains of potato virus X (PVX) and by potato virus S (PVS). Neither latent PVX nor PVS affected yield but mottle PVX alone and latent PVX combined with PVS reduced tuber size and yield (P = 0.05). 相似文献
10.
Potato plants grown from true seed were naturally infected with the Solanum apical leaf curling virus (SALCV) at the high jungle site near San Ramon, Peru. Tubers from these plants were greenhouse indexed. Symptoms of SALCV infected potato plants include apical rolling, stunting, delayed emergence, weak plants, hair sprouts, and tuber dormancy. These symptoms superficially resemble certain aspects of unusually severe current season potato leafroll virus (4) infection or those of the aster yellows and stolbur mycoplasma diseases (5). Up to 12 percent of the indexed plants were naturally infected with SALCV and SALCV was demonstrated in approximately half of the tubers that produced hair sprouts. 相似文献
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Britta Kowalski Felipe Jimenez Terry Lidcay Herrera Daniel Agramonte Peñalver 《Potato Research》2006,49(3):167-176
The aim of this work was to investigate whether the application of soluble chitosan in potato micropropagation can improve
microplant quality in vitro, help acclimatisation ex vitro, and increase yield and seed quality of minitubers. Potato cv.
Désirée microplants were treated in vitro with soluble chitosan added to the semisolid tissue culture medium in different
concentrations. Microplants were subsequently transferred to the greenhouse and sprayed with chitosan solutions or remained
unsprayed. Untreated microplants were also established ex vitro and sprayed with chitosan, or left unsprayed as a control.
Morphological and physiological parameters of plant growth were assessed in vitro and ex vitro. Plantlet quality was evaluated
using a ranking system. Minitubers derived from greenhouse plantlets were planted in the field in subtropical conditions,
and growth and yield parameters evaluated. The chitosan concentration most beneficial to the in vitro growth of microplants
varied between years. In treatments with the best in vitro growth, minituber number and yield in the greenhouse was also increased.
Foliar chitosan application at the acclimatisation phase stabilised the effect of in vitro treatment on yield parameters.
The seed quality of minitubers derived from chitosan treatments in vitro alone and in combination with foliar treatment at
acclimatisation was improved, giving rise to field plants with increased tuber numbers and yields. The combination of chitosan
in vitro and foliar application during the acclimatisation phase ex vitro had a greater effect on minituber seed quality than
the concentration applied in vitro. 相似文献
13.
In 1969, 355 leaf or tuber samples from potatoes suspected of harboring the potato spindle tuber virus were collected from 23 tablestock fields in eastern Canada. By means of Fernow's tomato cross protection test, modified by the use of ribonucleic acid extract as inoculum, 317 samples were shown to be infected, 290 (92%) of these with a mild strain, and 27 (8%) with a severe strain of the virus. Preliminary tests in the greenhouse and field indicate that the mild strain, so named because of symptoms on tomato, is relatively mild in the potato as well. 相似文献
14.
S?awomir Wróbel 《Potato Research》2012,55(1):83-96
The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of mineral oil with rapeseed oil in the protection of potato seeds against Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato virus M (PVM) infection. The research was carried out under field conditions in the north of Poland, in the Department of Potato Protection and Seed Science of the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute??National Research Institute at Bonin. The effects of oil protection on potato seed infection by viruses, yield, and its structure and phytotoxity were assessed. Two rapeseed oils and one mineral oil were used: Olejan 85 EC (85% of natural rapeseed oil), alimentary oil Marlibo (100% of natural rapeseed oil) and Sunspray 850 EC (98.8% mineral oil+1.2% emulsifier). The effectiveness of oils in protection against PVY and PVM tuber infection was tested on two cultivars (Clarissa and Rosalind), which have a different level of resistance to the two viruses. The assessment of phytotoxicity was carried out on 10 potato cultivars from different earliness groups (Augusta, Bryza, Cekin, Clarissa, Impala, Krasa, Rosalind, Satina, Velox). Two oil concentrations, 2% and 4% were applied. During the growing period, eight to nine oil treatments were applied at 7-day intervals. The effectiveness of rapeseed oils against PVY and PVM was much weaker than that of the mineral oil and for the susceptible cultivar the percentage infected tubers did not differ significantly from untreated crops. However, Olejan 85 EC deserves attention as it significantly reduced PVY infection across years in the more resistant cultivar, especially in the case of a lower concentration (2% vs. 4%). When there are no other means of protection to use on organic seed plantations, this oil can be used as an alternative, especially in the case of cultivars which are moderately resistant to PVY. A disadvantage of its application may be the fact that in some years symptoms of phytotoxicity on potato plants were recorded and a lowering of tuber yield. 相似文献
15.
Field studies were conducted over a three-year period to investigate effects of potato virus X (PVX) on the Russet Burbank potato cultivar. Seed (PVX-free and PVX-infected) used for this three-year study originated from the same PVX-free source and was grown and stored under similar conditions. PVX-free seed was found to increase yield over PVX-infected plots by 9 to 32%. With these yield benefits, effects of PVX on either the incidence of verticillium wilt or plant nutrition were not significant. There was a trend (P = 0.10) for a reduction of mean tuber weight when the PVX infection level exceeded 19%. Because of increases of undersized potatoes, the yields of U.S. #1 potatoes were reduced as levels of PVX infection were increased. With a PVX infection level of 36%, the yield of U.S. #1 tubers was reduced by 21% when compared with plots having 0% PVX. At an 88% infection level, the yield of U.S. #l’s was reduced still further (36% lower than plots with 0% PVX). Results demonstrate the importance of the level of PVX infection to potato production. 相似文献
16.
Bogdan Flis Jerzy Syller Iwona Wasilewicz-Flis Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska 《American Journal of Potato Research》2005,82(5):411-417
The effects of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) isolates and inoculation method on the resistance to PLRV in potato clones and cultivars were investigated. In the season of inoculation, aphid inoculation resulted in higher proportions of infected plants and higher virus concentration in infected plants, as compared to graft inoculation. In these respects, grafting showed superiority over aphid inoculation in the tuber progeny of inoculated plants, though distinct dominance of aphid inoculation was observed for some tested clones. This leads to the conclusion that both methods should be applied as complementary tests for the efficient selection of highly resistant potato clones. For inoculations, two isolates of PLRV were applied, and one of them, isolate L7, was routinely used in screening breeding materials for resistance to the virus. The second isolate originated from plants of the highly resistant clone DW84-1457, which were incidentally infected with PLRV. The virus isolated from these plants was able to infect only specific clones, which were resistant to isolate L7. At the same time, potato clones with resistance derived from a source different from that present in DW84-1457, and standard susceptible and resistant cultivars, showed generally lower infection ratings after inoculation with the new isolate. This result suggests that the isolates may be different strains of PLRV. It is possible that under the strong selection pressure of resistance genes present in clone DW84-1457, a new isolate I-1457 could evolve the ability to overcome resistance to infection controlled by these genes. 相似文献
17.
Seed transmission of potato spindle tuber virus (PSTV) has special significance for potato breeding programs. Transmission of PSTV has been reported to occur via true seed. Test families in the Frito-Lay breeding program were obtained from self- and cross-pollinations to determine the incidence of infected seedlings from healthy and diseased parents. Diseased seedlings from PSTV-infected Katahdin selfed were scored by visual and tomato index procedures as 100% and 87% infected, respectively. A similar result was obtained among seedlings from the cross of PSTV-infected Sebago x PSTV-infected Katahdin. Symptoms of PSTV infection were not detected by either method among seedlings from healthy Katahdin, selfed. The Frito-Lay, Inc., potato breeding program employs a number of phyto-sanitary procedures to exclude or reduce the possibility of PSTV contamination and spread. 相似文献
18.
N. S. Wright 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(4):181-198
Tissue culture of the meristem tips of heat-treated plants has facilitated the eradication of potato virus X (PVX) and potato virus S (PVS) from the cultivars and seedlings which are important to the potato industry in Canada and the United States. The treated cultivars and seedlings comprise a field-grown collection which currently contains 239 accessions, all of which are tested twice each year to monitor for virus freedom. The collection, developed and still being expanded at the Vancouver Research Station, Agriculture Canada, has been utilized since 1968 by seed growers and potato improvement agencies in British Columbia, the other Canadian provinces, United States, Australia, New Zealand and several other countries. Surveys in British Columbia show that despite minor field spread on some farms, particularly in the first few years after replacement of infected stocks, successful control of PVX and PVS has been achieved on all but one of 22 Elite seed farms in the Pemberton and Cariboo seed potato control areas. The surveys, in which the field incidence of infection is expressed as Confidence Intervals (P=0.05), also show that crops in other districts grown for one or two years beyond the Elite 3 seed class usually have virus incidence no greater than the Elite seed, especially when the Elite seed had been given the lowest Confidence Interval (0.0–1.5%), indicative of no infected leaflets in samples from 250 to 1000 plants. An unusually high incidence of PVS in two fields was traced to the use of a contaminated seed tuber cutter. 相似文献
19.
R. W. Gibson 《Potato Research》1988,31(3):389-394
Summary A technique is described in which plant sap is blotted onto small pieces (8×11 mm) of nylon membrane and virus particles bound
to the paper are detected by a modification of the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detectable product of the
assay is a soluble yellow dye, the absorbance of which increased with the virus content of the plant sap. Leaf or tuber sap
from plants secondarily-infected with either potato leafroll virus or potato virus Y could be clearly distinguished from that
of healthy plants and a majority of tubers primarily infected with PVY were also detected. 相似文献
20.
Common scab, black scurf and silver scurf belong to serious diseases of cultivated potato that especially impair tuber quality. Tuber infection in 44 potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L.) varieties was evaluated using two measures – severity and incidence of infected tubers. Both measures were highly correlated. An important result derived from this study supports fungicide application against potato late blight secondarily acts on reducing tuber infection by all evaluated pathogens. Therefore, the conventional potato growing seems to be more effective compared to ecological growing. The pedigree analysis of 44 varieties indicated the presence of Solanum demissum genotypes in the variety genome may negatively affect variety response to Helminthosporium solani presence. 相似文献