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1.
大豆整个子叶节外植体再生体系的建立及与子叶节、胚尖再生体系的比较 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
大豆再生较为困难,难以满足基因工程的需要.为建立一种快速高效的再生体系,大豆整个子叶节作为外植体进行再生.成熟大豆种子在MSB,添加BA 0.4 mg·L-1的培养基中萌发5～7 d后,切取子叶节外植体,含有BA或CPPU添加一定浓度的IBA的培养基用于筛选芽诱导培养基,确定了芽诱导的最适培养基条件为MSB,添加BA 3.0 mg·L-1和IBA 0.2 mg·L-1,将再生芽放人MSB5培养基中伸长至3 cm左右后,放入MSB5添加IBA 0.5 mg·L-1的培养基中生根,生根的小苗炼苗后移栽.大豆整个子叶节再生体系芽再生频率可以达到94.7%,平均每个外植体可以得到28个芽.将此再生体系与传统的大豆子叶节再生体系、近几年应用较多的大豆胚尖再生体系在再生频率、出芽数目、芽伸长情况以及再生周期等方面进行比较,结果表明:大豆整个子叶节再生体系在外植体再生频率以及出芽数量上优于其它两种体系. 相似文献
2.
以中黄20、周豆02005、周豆11和周豆18整体子叶节为材料,以MSB为基本培养基,通过L9(34)正交设计研究了6-BA、IBA和KT 9种浓度组合对大豆整体子叶节丛生芽再生的影响;并将大豆的整体子叶节应用于农杆菌介导的遗传转化研究。结果表明:9种激素组合中以MSB+3.0 mg.L-16-BA+0.1 mg.L-1IBA+0.5 mg.L-1KT最适合周豆02005丛生芽的诱导,而MSB+3.5 mg.L-16-BA+0.2 mg.L-1IBA+0.2 mg.L-1KT最适宜周豆11、周豆18和中黄20的丛生芽诱导;4个大豆基因型中,以中黄20的丛生芽数最多;丛生芽用于诱导生根时,IBA为0.8 mg.L-1、NAA为0.8～1.0 mg.L-1时较适合大豆生根,其中以中黄20生根数最多。以中黄20整体子叶节为材料,进行了农杆菌介导的遗传转化研究。PCR分析和GUS染色初步表明,外源基因转入了大豆的基因组中,转化率为7.8%,得到转基因植株的周期为35～42 d。 相似文献
3.
大豆子叶节丛生芽的诱导研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用吉大豆1号、吉大豆2号、吉林47和东农42共4个基因型的大豆子叶节作为外植体进行离体再生,筛选出丛生芽诱导率较高的大豆基因型吉林47。在此基础上,以吉林47的大豆子叶节为外植体,研究了外植体消毒时间、发芽时间和条件对大豆子叶节再生的影响,并设计正交试验对芽诱导及伸长阶段的激素配比进行了研究。得出吉林47较适合氯气灭菌时间为6～10 h,最适萌发条件为16 h光+8 h暗光周期条件下培养5～7 d。最终确定芽诱导阶段添加6-BA浓度为2 mg.L-1、IBA浓度为0.1 mg.L-1;14 d后继代伸长阶段添加IAA浓度0.3 mg.L-1、GA浓度为0.5 mg.L-1。 相似文献
4.
通过农杆菌介导法将Bt(cryIA)基因导入大豆 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化系统成功地将Bt基因（cryIA)导入大豆，从发芽5-7天的大豆无菌苗切取子叶节外植体，经农杆菌感染和共培养后，在选择培养基上4周左右出现抗性不定芽，将不定芽转移到芽伸长培养基上，4-6周后再生苗长至2.5-3cm高，再将再生苗切下转入生根培养基，2周左右生根，生根后的再生植株经逐步锻炼移入盆中，所有植株均能正常开花结英，在移栽成活的8株T0植株中有7株PCR检测呈阳性反应；在7个T1株系中有4个株系存在PCR阳性植株，取4个稳定遗传的T1代株系内的阳性植株的叶片提取DNA，用地高辛标记的Bt基因探针进行Southern杂交分析，结果4个株系均呈现阳性，证明Bt基因已整合到受体大豆的基因组内并能传递给后代。 相似文献
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6.
小黑豆组织培养的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以应县小黑豆的下胚轴、子叶、小真叶为试验材料,研究不同培养基对小黑豆愈伤组织诱导和器官分化的影响.结果表明:NAA和BA单独使用不利用小黑豆的离体培养,细跑分裂素与生长素结合使用有利于小黑豆愈伤组织的诱导和器官分化.下胚轴在Ms BA2mg/L IAA0.5mg/L、Ms BA1.5mg/L IAA0.5mg/L Ms KT2mg/L NAA0.2mg/L培养基中植株再生频率为46%、46%、16%,在前两种培养基中下胚轴外植体分化出丛生芽.小黑豆下胚轴愈伤组织诱导率、再生植株分化率较子叶、小真叶高. 相似文献
7.
《大豆科学》2015,(5)
以抗大豆食心虫品系东农8004的胚尖为外植体,通过对芽诱导和芽伸长培养基进行优化,建立8004的胚尖转化体系,利用该体系进行cry1C*基因的转化,对获得的抗性再生植株进行分子鉴定和抗虫性鉴定。结果表明:在芽诱导培养基中附加1.67 mg·L-16-BA,丛生芽诱导率最高,达到80%,在芽伸长培养基中附加0.5 mg·L-1GA3和0.1mg·L-1IAA,芽伸长率最高为54%。共获得94株PPT(100μg·m L-1)抗性再生植株,PCR检测阳性14株,阳性率为14.89%。对4株T0代阳性植株进行大豆食心虫抗性鉴定,其中C-1植株的食心虫抗性明显高于野生型8004,说明在大豆中表达cry1C*基因能提高大豆对食心虫的抗性。 相似文献
8.
农杆菌介导大豆子叶节遗传转化体系的优化研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以大豆品种"中豆32、Peking、早熟18、绥农14"子叶节为受体材料,用农杆菌介导法转入与抗逆相关的小麦Na /H 逆向转运蛋白基因(TaNHX2),探索外植体大小、培养基主要成分、培养时间等因素对外植体分化的影响,旨在优化遗传转化条件,提高大豆转基因的遗传转化效率.研究结果表明,以健康外植体获得率、抗性丛生芽获得率和抗性芽伸长比率为指标,筛选并建立的优化转化系统为:大豆萌发和不定芽诱导时分别加入0.5 mg L-16-BA和1.0 mg L-16-BA,浸染时间为30 min、共培养时间为3 d;外植体大小为2/3子叶,kan抗性筛选浓度第一阶段和第二阶段分别是60和50 mg L-1;利用上述方法,已获得中豆32转基因再生植株,经PCR分子检测,证明目的基因TaNHX2已导人并整合到大豆基因组中,转化率为3.78%. 相似文献
9.
《大豆科学》2015,(6)
以栽培大豆幼苗子叶节愈伤组织为材料,研究多胺氧化降解产物H2O2在大豆子叶节愈伤组织丛生芽形成中的作用。结果表明:浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1时3种外源多胺(Put,Spm和Spd)都能显著促进大豆子叶节愈伤组织分化形成丛生芽,其中Spd的作用最显著,Put和Spm作用次之,而亚精胺合酶抑制剂-环己胺(CHA)对大豆子叶节丛生芽的形成有较强的抑制作用。与此对应的是,外源多胺处理促进了子叶节外植体的二胺氧化酶(Cu AO)活性和H2O2含量水平。有趣的是,用多胺氧化酶抑制剂-氨基胍(AG)和H2O2清除剂DMTU分别处理,也可显著抑制多胺对大豆子叶节愈伤组织分化形成丛生芽的促进作用;AG和DMTU在丛生芽分化上的作用,可能与AG处理导致外植体Cu AO活性和H2O2水平的降低,以及与DMTU清除H2O2的作用有关。研究结果暗示多胺降解产物H2O2可能参与多胺对大豆子叶节愈伤组织丛生芽的诱导。 相似文献
10.
目的筛选红花不定芽高效诱导条件,结合红花茎尖微嫁接技术,解决转基因红花再生效率低的问题。方法以新疆塔城裕民无刺红花的子叶作为外植体,子叶--愈伤组织--不定芽分化--伸长--生根/嫁接,分别对红花不定芽高效诱导培养基、伸长培养基和生根培养基进行筛选。结果确定了不定芽分化培养基:MS+1.0mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L NAA,不定芽伸长培养基:MS+1%蔗糖,生根培养基:White+3mg/L IBA+Ag NO3 10mg/L+2%蔗糖+0.2g/L活性炭,生根率为12.5%;以14d红花实生苗做砧木,劈接法嫁接再生植株的成活率为53.3%。结论本研究采用不定芽高效诱导与茎尖微嫁接技术相结合的方法,成功的获得了再生植株。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
20.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献