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常规灌溉条件下两种生长型黄瓜灌溉水分配及利用效率的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究不同品种的水分利用特性和水分利用效率,为黄瓜高水分利用效率品种的选育提供理论依据.本研究选用2个生态型相同但生长型不同的黄瓜品种(津育5号和迷你2号)为试材,温室栽培,相同灌溉量和灌溉频率水分处理,比较其灌溉水在渗漏量、蒸发量、蒸腾量和土壤储水量的分配比例和水分利用效率的差异,以及不同品种根系特点.除迷你2号(MN)在秋冬茬结果有所差外异,两供试品种在不同茬口灌溉水的分配均呈现蒸腾量>渗漏量>蒸发量>土壤储水量的趋势;两供试黄瓜品种在冬春茬的蒸腾量、渗漏量、蒸发量和土壤储水量占灌溉水总量的分配比例分别为38.25%,32.15%,23.10%和6.50%,而秋冬茬则分别为34.35%,34.15%,20.65%和12.85%,故不同栽培茬口可影响黄瓜灌溉水分配状况,冬春茬蒸腾和蒸发量占灌溉水分配比例较高,而秋冬茬土壤渗漏水和土壤储水比例则有所提高.津育5号和迷你2号植株蒸腾占灌溉水分配的比例平均分别为37.15%和33.45%,而土壤渗漏占灌溉水分配的比例平均分别为30.10%和36.20%;津育5号两茬口经济产量和生物学产量水分利用效率分别为422.5,585.90 ks/(hm~2·mm),而迷你2号则分别为394.2,541.7 ks/(hm~2·mm).不同黄瓜品种间灌溉水分配状况及利用效率明显差异,造成不同品种灌溉水分配及水分利用效率的原因主要与其根系生长状况有关. 相似文献
2.
佛罗里达2号是美国佛罗里达州农科院育成的冬春茬日光温室密刺黄瓜新品种.生长势强,蔓长3m左右,叶片较大.耐低温、弱光能力强,在室内最低温度8℃时能正常生长,短时3℃低温植株不会死亡.在连续阴雨10天、平均光照强度不足7800Lx时仍能收获.由于克服了其他品种不能耐低温弱光的缺点,所以早春早期产量高.第一雌花着生于3～4节,瓜码密,连续结瓜能力强,有的节位可同时结2条瓜,瓜长35cm左右,瓜把短,刺密瘤小,亮绿色,质脆味甜,商品性好,市场竞争力强.高抗枯萎病、霜霉病、灰霉病等病害.高产稳产,高产栽培667m2产量可达19000kg,比目前主栽品种增产38%～50%,效益较高. 相似文献
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采用正规试验和大田示范同步进行的方法,研究了青稞新品种昆仑14号在天祝的表现。结果表明,该品种生育期适中,经济性状优良,抗倒伏能力强,产量高,具有明显的增产优势。正规试验平均产量达到7114.5kg/hm2,比当地主推品种北青5号增产21.8%。在二阴山区旱地大面积示范平均产量达到6126.0kg/hm2,比当地主推品种北青5号增产19.6%。 相似文献
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《种业导刊》2021,(6)
偃丰29是偃师市农业技术推广服务中心以周麦22为母本、烟农19为父本进行杂交,采用系谱法经多年选育而成的半冬性、多穗型、抗病、高产、优质的小麦新品种。2021年通过河南省主要农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:豫审麦20210009)。2018—2019年参加河南省冬水组区试,14点汇总,14点增产,增产点率100%,平均产量9 163.5 kg/hm~2,比对照品种百农207增产8.3%。2019—2020年参加河南省冬水组试验,15点汇总,15点增产,增产点率100%,平均产量7 965.0 kg/ hm~2,比对照品种百农207增产7.8%。2019—2020年参加河南省冬水组生产试验,16点汇总,16点增产,平均产量8 640.0 kg/hm~2,增产点率100%,比对照品种百农207增产6.7%。 相似文献
6.
《华北农学报》2016,(Z1)
为了探讨温室黄瓜高畦双行栽培模式下,膜下沟灌适宜的灌水沟沟深,以冬丽519号黄瓜(砧木为高优亮南瓜)为试材,以常规畦沟灌溉(每次灌水量450 m3/hm2)为对照,设计了灌水沟沟深15,11,8 cm 3个处理,对应每次灌溉量300,225,150 m3/hm2,研究灌水沟规格对黄瓜产量、品质、土壤速效养分含量及灌溉水生产效率的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,3种规格灌水沟的灌水量均能满足黄瓜正常生长需求,黄瓜产量和品质与对照没有显著差异,对土壤速效养分含量也没有显著影响,但所有处理均显著地提高了灌溉水生产效率,其中秋冬茬节水率分别为27.03%,40.54%,54.05%,冬春茬节水率分别为30.20%,45.30%,60.40%。综合考虑产量与灌溉水生产效率,建议高畦双行栽培黄瓜的膜下灌水沟沟深为8 cm、单次灌水量150 m3/hm2能够满足嫁接黄瓜生产对水分的需求。 相似文献
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赤麦7号是以弱冬性材料B37为母本、以赤麦5号(94-5)为父本进行有性杂交,按育种目标经过系统选育而成的新品种。具有早熟、高产、品质优、杭逆性强、适应性广的特点。2007~2008年国家区域试验平均产量4793.3kg/hm2,比对照品种辽春17号平均增产4.36%,2009年国家生产试验平均产量5604.0kg/hm2,比对照品种辽春17号平均增产12.3%。该品种不但适于春种,而且适于旱肥地及二阴地夏播。 相似文献
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《种子》2020,(5)
浚麦169由浚县丰黎种业有限公司利用周麦16和濮麦9号杂交,经过系谱选择法育成的小麦新品种,于2018年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定(编号:豫审麦20180019)。2015—2016年度参加河南省冬水D组区试,12点汇总,11点增产,增产点率91.7%,平均产量8 329.5 kg·hm~(-2),比对照品种周麦18增产6.92%,差异达极显著水平,居15个参试品种第2位。2016—2017参加河南省冬水D组生试,14点汇总,12点增产,增产点率85.7%,平均产量8 148.0 kg·hm~(-2),比对照品种周麦18增产4.3%。该品种表现出产量高、适应性广和综合性状好等,在河南省小麦区具有广阔的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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皖宿 0891 是宿州市农业科学院以淮麦 30 与皖麦 50 号杂交的 F1 为母本、烟农 19 为父本,经有性杂交采用系谱法选育而成,2021 年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号：国审麦 20210083。该品种属于半冬性中熟小麦品种,高矮适中,产量三要素协调,具有高产、稳产、抗逆、广适等特点,适宜在黄淮冬麦区南片中水肥早中茬地种植。2 年区域试验每 667m2平均产量 514.2kg,比对照周麦 18 增产 5.16%;生产试验平均产量 568.8kg,比对照周麦 18 增产 4.16%。 相似文献
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Moshe J. Pinthus 《Euphytica》1967,16(2):231-251
Grain yield components of high yielding European winter wheat varieties and of the best spring varieties grown in Israel were compared and their growth was analyzed. F1- and F2-populations of crosses between winter and spring varieties were tested. Under conditions in which winter wheat attained its normal kernel size which was similar to that of the spring varieties tested, it markedly outyielded spring wheat by means of its greater number of spikelets per spike. This advantage was also expressed in the F2-populations and, was apparently, not linked with cold requirement. Winter wheat had a longer growing period and a greater leaf-area but a lower net assimilation rate than spring wheat. The higher total dry matter yield of winter wheat was owing to its longer growing period. The higher grain yield, however, was induced by a higher ratio of grain to total dry matter accumulated during the period of kernel development. The inheritance of several characters is discussed and it is concluded that winter wheat should be able to contribute to an increase in yield of progenies of its crosses with spring wheat.Contribution from The National and University Institute of Agriculture, Rehovot, No. E-1072. This research was supported by a grant of the Ford Foundation, Project Ford 4(A-3). 相似文献
12.
定量化研究迷你型黄瓜的生育特性,对深入了解品种特征,进行精准化栽培管理具有重要意义。本文以生长度日（GDD）为度量单位,对迷你黄瓜京研迷你2号的生育进程、形态特征、干物质分配及产量形成等方面进行了定量化分析,并比较了秋冬季和春季不同栽培茬口环境下京研迷你2号与普通型黄瓜瑞光2号在生育特性和产量性状方面的差异。在生育特性上,京研迷你2号在缓苗期株高增长率为0.022 cm/(℃?d),缓苗后为0.585 cm/(℃?d),并且株高受低温抑制作用相对明显;出叶速率在缓苗期为0.016 叶/(℃?d),缓苗后为0.040叶/(℃?d);缓苗期叶片扩展速率为2.833 cm2/(℃?d),缓苗后为15.873 cm2/(℃?d),并且受高温抑制作用相对较小,而瑞光2号叶片扩展受高温抑制作用相对明显。在产量性状上,京研迷你2号在GDD达到773 ℃?d时进入结果期,坐果率为7.7 果/株,干物质向果实分配比例大,产量也相应较高,每100株产量在秋冬茬高出瑞光9.35kg,春茬高出瑞光4.17kg,并且两品种在春季茬口产量明显高于秋冬季茬口。京研迷你2号在形态特征、生育进程及干物质分配上与瑞光2号存在差异,由此也造成了产量的差异。因此,针对迷你型黄瓜结果期早,产量高,不耐低温的特点,应相应调整栽培管理措施,加强温度及水肥管理,最大程度发挥其产量优势。 相似文献
13.
Slow leaf formation in spring is regarded as the main factor limiting sugar beet yield. It is therefore expected that yield can be enhanced when plants develop leaves earlier resulting in an extended growing period. The aim of this study was to analyse leaf and storage root growth of sugar beet plants sown in autumn or very early in spring with regard to possible yield increases. In 2005/06 and 2006/07, field trials were conducted at 4 sites with 6 sowing dates: August, beginning and mid of September, and in February, March and April. Sequential harvests were conducted to follow yield formation.Field emergence of autumn sown sugar beets was fast and reached 90% whereas in early spring it was severely restricted due to low temperature. Leaf and root yield formation of autumn and spring sown sugar beets could well be described with thermal time confirming that sugar beet growth is temperature driven and day length insensitive. Despite longer growing periods autumn sown beets did not form more cambium rings in the storage root than spring sown beets. That might be partly due to the bolting process after winter. However, early spring sown beets as well did not achieve more cambium rings than plants sown in April pointing to a presumably limited ability to adapt cambium ring formation. Because of the shift to reproductive growth, autumn sown beets formed high amounts of shoot dry matter, but not much root dry matter. Furthermore, the root dry matter consisted of a lower sugar and a higher marc content and would therefore not be suitable for sugar recovery. Earlier sowing in spring did not result in a significant yield increase because the benefit from early sowing diminished throughout the season as also obvious from the distance between the cambium rings.For bolting resistant sugar beet varieties, which are expected to be available in near future, the presented data form a basis to predict yield with models. However, it has to be investigated to what extent sugar beet growth and yield formation benefits from early sowing and extended growing periods. 相似文献
14.
内蒙古平原灌区“春麦冬播”种植效应及品种适应性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对内蒙古春播小麦生育期短、干热风、高温逼熟等因素制约产量提高,且收获后光温资源极大浪费的现状,以及试种冬小麦发现的冬季冻害、春季干旱或“倒春寒”影响返青率及前茬限制等问题,本研究以“春麦冬播”种植模式为切入点,采用不同春化类型小麦品种,通过连续2年的田间试验,系统研究了不同小麦品种越冬出苗、叶片生理、根系性状及产量形成的差异,以期筛选适宜冬播的小麦品种。结果表明:供试的全部春性小麦品种及部分冬性品种可以以种子形式完成春化作用,第2年正常抽穗成熟。冬播条件下春季田间出苗率较春播小麦有所降低,但根系发达,对低温及干旱的适应性强。通过系统聚类筛选出适宜内蒙古平原灌区冬播的3个小麦品种,包括春性品种永良4号、冬性品种宁冬11号和半冬性品种河农7106,其共同特征为越冬出苗率高、抗逆性强、根系发达、产量表现较高,其中永良4号产量可达到与春播相同的水平。 相似文献
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为筛选出适合北疆临冬播小麦品种,采用田间试验,比较了18个小麦品种的出苗率、叶面积指数、干物质积累及产量等。结果表明,越冬期4cm最低地温为-7.93℃条件下,春小麦品种平均出苗率（53.23%）显著高于冬小麦品种（34.20%）,宁春系列品种的平均出苗率（60.83%）高于新春系列品种（42.67%）;冬小麦品种的平均生育期较春小麦品种长6d且晚熟,新春系列品种的平均生育期（103d）长于农麦和永良系列品种（88d）及宁春系列品种（92d）。新春48号和新冬41号出苗率分别45.60%和52.00%,基本苗数分别为342.00万和390.00万/hm2,穗数分别为459.00万和365.00万/hm2,穗粒数分别为34.90和33.84;叶面积指数峰值分别为3.96和3.52;总光合势分别为247.00和231.21(m2·d)/m2,干物质积累总量和经济系数均较高;生育期分别为104和106d;产量均显著高于其他品种。综合各项指标,新春48号和新冬41号适合北疆地区临冬播种。 相似文献
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日光温室不同季节的生态环境对黄瓜光合作用的影响 总被引：37，自引：2，他引：37
不同季节日光温室内的生态环境差异很大。与春季适宜黄瓜生育的生态环境相比较，冬季日光温室内光照时间短，强度弱，黄瓜净光合速度低，为单峰曲线，而春季则为双峰曲线。从功能叶片活体叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力学曲线看出，反映碳同化酶活性的Ｍ峰，冬季比春季明显程度，但品种间有差异，长春密刺的Ｍ峰最明显，对弱光耐受力强，生育表现也较健壮，农大１４居中，津杂２号Ｍ山峰几乎消失。不同季节日光温室的温度环境。对黄瓜光合作用 相似文献
18.
High Frequencies of Fertilization and Haploid Seedling Production in Crosses Between Commercial Hexaploid Wheat Varieties and Maize 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Nineteen commercial hexaploid wheat varieties were crossed with the maize F1 hybrid ‘Seneca 60’. Fertilization frequencies ranged from 32.1 % to 47.5 % of pollinated florets (mean 39.5 %) in the 14 winter wheat varieties and from 40.7 % to 51.4 % (mean 47.8 %) in the five spring wheat varieties. In some cases only an endosperm was formed and the frequencies of embryo formation were therefore slightly lower, being 28.2 % to 45.9 % (mean 36.4 %) for winter wheats and 39.8 % to 48.6 % (mean 45.1 %) for spring wheats. Mean values were significantly higher in the spring wheats but no significant variation was found between varieties within the spring or winter categories. In the five spring wheats the mean yield of embryos, and hence the potential yield of haploid plants, was 3.4-fold higher than with the tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum clone PB179. For the 14 winter wheats the figure was 10.9-fold higher. These differences were highly significant (p < 0.001) in all varieties. A single 2,4-D treatment given to spikes one day after pollination with maize enabled embryos to be recovered from all 19 varieties. A total of 311 embryos were recovered from 950 florets (an average of 7.3 embryos per spike) of which 191 germinated, giving an average yield of one haploid plant for every 5.0 florets pollinated (4.4 haploid plants per spike). 相似文献
19.
生物熏蒸对黄瓜枯萎病抑制及品质和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以传统化学农药进行土壤消毒控制作物枯萎病,在杀死病原菌的同时会造成农药残留和污染环境,寻找新的控制土传病害的方法是目前亟需解决的问题。试验利用含有硫苷的3种芸薹属植物(芥菜、红圆芜菁和秋冬小白菜)生物熏蒸含有黄瓜枯萎病的土壤,以非芸薹属植物菠菜和化学农药处理为对照,通过盆栽试验和大棚试验来研究生物熏蒸对黄瓜枯萎病抑制作用,以及对其品质和产量的影响。结果表明,芥菜生物熏蒸处理对黄瓜发病率、病情指数、防病效果分别为25.0%、25.0%、52.9%,显著优于其余各处理。小花叶芥菜和红圆芜菁熏蒸处理后,黄瓜果实维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物的含量均显著高于非芸薹属熏蒸和化学农药处理。小叶花芥菜和红圆芜菁生物熏蒸处理后的黄瓜总产分别是10.89、10.07 kg/m~2,是CK黄瓜产量的1.81、1.56倍。生物熏蒸能显著促进黄瓜植株的生长,对抑制黄瓜枯萎病有一定效果。 相似文献
20.
Autumn sown sugar beets (winter beets) are expected to yield markedly higher than spring sown beets. This requires a continuous growth during an extended growing period. So far, bolting‐resistant sugar beet varieties are not available to test winter beets under field conditions in Central Europe. The objective of this study was therefore to analyse yield formation and sugar storage of sugar beet plants during an extended growing period to estimate whether sugar beet has the potential to generate the theoretically expected yield increase. From 2008 to 2012, pot experiments were carried out in the glasshouse with 11 sowing dates spread over the years with sequential harvests. The oldest plants were grown for 859 days (14 242 °Cd). Root fresh matter yield continuously increased till the latest harvest. In contrast, the sugar concentration reached an optimum value between 3400 and 5000 °Cd and then decreased with time. Despite longer growing periods, the number of cambium rings, which are regarded as essential for sugar storage, did not change. This points to an early and genetically fixed determination of the formation of cambium rings. Additionally, the rate of photosynthesis decreased concomitantly with the sugar concentration. In conclusion, there is some evidence that the sugar concentration of the storage root is limited by the sink capacity, which in turn controls the source activity by a feedback regulation of photosynthesis and leaf formation. The dry matter composition of the storage root changed towards lower sugar concentration and concurrent higher concentration of cell wall compounds (marc). The sugar yield still increased beyond a thermal time at which winter beets will probably be harvested in practice. Hence, the theoretical yield increase in autumn sown sugar beets can be realized, provided that the plants show sufficient winter hardiness and bolting resistance. 相似文献