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1.
The 1BL/1RS chromosome translocation effect on yield characteristics in a Triticum aestivum L. cross 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Comparisons involving 28 random F2-derived F6 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines from the cross, ‘Nacozari’/‘Seri 82’, suggested that advanced derivatives with the 1BL/1RS chromosome translocation possess superior agronomic performance in both full and reduced irrigation conditions when compared with 1B derivatives. This performance advantage was attributed to high grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight and test weight. The 1BL/1RS lines were shorter with delayed flowering and maturity. The superiority of the 1BL/1RS translocation group on grains/m2 was expressed only under the full irrigation environment. Higher harvest index, longer spike-length and grain-filling period were detected only under reduced irrigation conditions. A significant grain yield relationship with test weight was detected only among the 1BL/1RS genotypes, indicating that they possess heavier and plumper grains than the 1B genotypes. 相似文献
2.
Summary The effect of the 1AL/1RS chromosome translocation on grain yield and other agronomic characteristics of 85 random F2-derived F6 bulks from three 1AL 1RS × 1A bread wheat crosses was determined under optimum and reduced irrigation conditions at CIANO, Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the 1991–1992 and 1992–1993 crop production cycles. Harvest plots of 5.0 m2 were arranged in an alpha lattice design with three replications. The 1AL/1RS translocation increased grain yield, above-ground biomass, spikes/m2, and test weight under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Homozygous chromosome 1A lines, on the other hand, possessed longer spikes with more grains. The 1AL/1RS cultivars had an advantage in 1000-grain weight, which was detected only under optimum irrigation. The translocation lines showed later maturity and longer grainfilling period than the 1A genotypes under one irrigation treatment. A significant relationship between grain yield and test weight was detected only among the 1AL/1RS genotypes, indicating that they possess heavier and plumper grains than the 1A genotypes. These results encourage the continued use of the 1AL/1RS translocation in wheat improvement. 相似文献
3.
The Effect of Chromosome 1B/1R Translocation on the Yield Potential of Certain Spring Wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Nearly 50 percent of the 1988 advanced breeding lines of the CIMMYT bread wheat breeding program possess the 1B/1R homozygous translocation. Hence, a trial was conducted to estimate the effect of 1B/1R chromosome translocation on the yield potential of some of our high-yielding spring wheats, where non-limiting levels of fertility, moisture, preventive pest and disease programs were used. In conclusing the 1B/1R lines seemed to have increased their above-ground biomass yield, number of spikes per meter2, 1000-grain weight and test weight. They also exhibited a slight advantage over the 1B homozygous lines on grain yield. The observed difference, however, was non-significant, as was the plant height difference observed among the two groups. Varietal comparisons indicated that the 1B/1R group headed later than the 1B group. 相似文献
4.
R. L. Villareal A. Mujeeb-Kazi E. Del Toro J. Crossa S. Rajaram 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1994,173(5):307-317
Two trials were conducted at the Mexican National Institute of Agricultural Research Experiment Station at Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico to investigate the nature and extent of agronomic variation in 50 synthetic hexaploid (SH) wheats (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) derived from Triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28. AABB) × T. tauschii (In = 2x = 14, DD) crosses for subsequent use in wheat improvement. Plant height, spike length, days to flowering, physiological maturity, grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, harvest index, yield components and test weight were determined.
Significant agronomic variation was observed among the germplasm evaluated. Outstanding SH genotypes were identified with higher grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, 1000-grain weight, and spikes m−2 than the bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) check cultivar Seri 82. Genotypic correlations of grain yield with other character traits show that grain m2 was the most important determinant of gram yield (r = 0.993). Data on agronomic traits subjected to complete linkage cluster analysis resulted in classifying the genotypes into two distinct phenotypic groups excluding Seri 82. Groups generally corresponded to durum progenitors of the SH with significant group differences for all characters. This demonstrates use of practical numerical analysis procedures to describe agronomic variation in representative SH genotypes. Clustering by quantitativy traits may be valuable for identification of genotypes with divergent sources for breeding and agronomic purposes. 相似文献
Significant agronomic variation was observed among the germplasm evaluated. Outstanding SH genotypes were identified with higher grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, 1000-grain weight, and spikes m
5.
6.
川麦42的1BS染色体臂对小麦主要农艺性状的遗传效应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
川麦42的1BS染色体臂来源于人工合成小麦亲本Syn769。利用川麦42与含1BL/1RS易位系的四川小麦品种川农16构建的127个重组自交系(RIL, F8),经3年4个环境的遗传评价,比较了川麦42的1BS和川农16的1RS染色体臂对小麦产量构成因子和产量的遗传效应。结果表明,RIL群体中川麦42的1BS染色体臂株系和川农16的1RS染色体臂株系在分蘖力、成穗率、全生育期、小穗数、收获指数和籽粒产量6个性状上存在显著差异; 1BS染色体臂有利于提高成穗率和收获指数,而1RS染色体臂有利于提高分蘖能力和增加小穗数,1BS株系的籽粒平均产量比1RS株系增加2.91%。鉴于1RS染色体臂上的抗条锈病基因丧失抗性,其携带的黑麦碱基因对加工品质有明显的负向作用,而川麦42的1BS染色体臂携带高抗条锈病基因YrCH42, 并对小麦籽粒产量有正向作用,因此建议在小麦遗传改良中利用川麦42的1BS替换1RS染色体臂。 相似文献
7.
Summary Rye-derived wheat cultivars are being used in many breeding programmes throughout the world in order to achieve improvements in yield and disease resistance. However, the serious quality defect of intense dough stickiness associated with many of these wheat cultivars is limiting the usefulness of their flour in large mechanised bread bakeries. A dough preparation procedure was developed which enabled the dough surface properties of a range of rye-derived wheat cultivars to be assessed on doughs mixed quantitatively to their optimum mixing time. Intense dough stickiness was found in samples of 1AL/1RS and 1DL/1RS translocation lines tested and in all of the 1BL/1RS wheat cultivars examined except the West German cultivar, Disponent. Most of the 1BL/1RS wheat cultivars were derived from the Russian cultivars, Kavkaz, Aurora and Skorospelka 35 and included the CIMMYT-bred cultivars such as the Veery lines (Glennson, Ures, Genaro and Seri) and the Nebraskan cultivar, Siouxland. Based on the results of studying selected 1BL/1RS wheat cultivars in detail, this intense dough stickiness appeared to be independent of growing season, trial location, protein content, mixing tolerance, milling process and extraction rate. In addition pilot bakery trials confirmed that our laboratory testing procedures can be used to detect this intense dough stickiness. 相似文献
8.
The wheat-rye 1BL.1RS translocation chromosomes have been used widely around the world in commercial wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production because of the presence of several disease resistance genes and a yield enhancement factor on the rye ( Secale cereale L.) chromosome. However, the recent reports of the loss of complete effectiveness of the disease resistance genes on the most commonly used 1BL.1RS chromosome have highlighted the need to seek and deploy additional sources of disease resistance genes. Three new sibling wheat cultivars, 'CN12', 'CN17' and 'CN18', were developed carrying 1RS arms derived from the rye inbred line L155. Genomic in situ hybridization and C-banding analysis revealed that all the three cultivars contained the rye chromosome 1RS arm fused to the wheat 1BL wheat chromosome arm. The three cultivars displayed high yields and high resistance to local powdery mildew and stripe rust pathotypes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated the different structure of 1BL.1RS chromosome between 'CN18' and the other two cultivars. The present study provides a new 1RS resource for wheat improvement. 相似文献
9.
小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL新易位系的创制和分子细胞遗传学鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）品种小偃6号与黑麦（Secale cereale L．）品种德国白粒杂交，选育出一批带有黑麦抗病性状的小偃6号类型种质材料。应用连续C-分带-基因组原位杂交（sequent C-banding-GISH）技术对上述材料进行染色体组成分析，筛选出2个小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL纯合易位系BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1。其中，BC152-1-1（2n=42）除含有1对1RS/1BL易位染色体外，未见其他染色体变异；BC01-89-1（2n=43）除含有1对1RS/1BL纯合易位染色体外，还附加1条两端缺失的3R染色体。高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成分析和品质分析结果表明，BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1不仅含有来自小偃6号的14＋15优质亚基，而且其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和SDS沉降值等品质性状都得到显著改良。 相似文献
10.
Translocated chromosomes T1BL⋅1RS and T1AL⋅1RS have been widely used in many wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs to develop high yielding cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the heterotic effects
of T1BL⋅1RS + T1AL⋅1RS, T1BL⋅1RS, and T1AL⋅1RS on yield and yield components of hybrid wheat grown under adequate moisture
regimes. Thirteen hybrid wheats and seven parents with different chromosome constitutions relative to T1AL⋅1RS and T1BL⋅1RS
were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Variable performance was observed among the hybrids tested. Two of the
three hybrids with T1BL⋅1RS + T1AL⋅1RS, produced 25.26% and 44.64% more grain than the hybrids with only T1BL⋅1RS. This was
due to increased biomass, harvest index (HI) and spike density. However, the combination of these two translocations resulted
in reduced kernels/spike, spikelets/spike and spike length compared to the T1BL⋅1R Stranslocation alone. When comparing closely
related parents, the parent with T1AL⋅1RS produced 23.51% more grain yield than the non-translocated parent. The presence
of T1AL⋅1RS resulted in 10.37% heterotic advantage for yield due to increased biomass, KW, and spike density. When the two
wheat-rye translocated chromosomes are present in the same hybrid, T1AL⋅1RS seems to have a positive effect on yield through
spike density and HI, but masks the effects of T1BL⋅1RS for some agronomic traits.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
The distribution of the wheat–rye translocation 1RS.1BL was studied in 31 winter wheat varieties from Bulgaria. The presence of the translocation was verified in 17 varieties using chromosome N‐banding analysis, PAGE‐analysis of grain storage proteins and DNA‐marker analysis. The 1RS.1BL has been transmitted in 54% of varieties with a known source of the translocation in their pedigree. 相似文献
12.
B. Ehdaie D. J. Merhaut S. Ahmadian A. C. Hoops T. Khuong A. P. Layne J. G. Waines 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(6):455-466
Environmental and economic considerations require the effective use of water and nutrients to elevate grain production in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with concomitant reduction in nitrate leaching to minimize contamination of underground water. We determined the effect of the root system on leaching fraction, leachate N concentration, and N, P and K uptake using bread wheat ‘Pavon 76’ and its three near‐isogenic translocation lines: Pavon 1RS.1AL, Pavon 1RS.1BL and Pavon 1RS.1DL. These genotypes were grown in sand‐tube experiments under optimum and low level of nutrients for 2 years. Root, stem and leaves, and grain N, P, and K content, and agronomic characters were measured. Leaching fraction and leachate nitrate concentration were measured at early tillering, booting and early grain filling. Significant main effects for year, nutrient level and genotype were found for the characters. Genotype × N interaction was significant only for root P content. Genotype × year interaction was significant only for plant N content, root P content and plant P content. Genotype × year × N interaction was significant only for root N uptake efficiency. Thus, genotypic means averaged across years and nutrient levels are reported. Low levels of nutrients (1330, 235 and 793 mg vs. 1915, 375 and 1268 mg N, P and K, respectively) reduced mean root biomass, plant biomass and grain yield by 27 %, 25 %, and 19 %, respectively. The translocation lines produced 31–46 % more root biomass, 11–14 % heavier grains and 6–8 % greater grain yield than Pavon 76. Leaching fraction was higher under low level of nutrient at booting and grain filling. Leaching fraction at tillering, booting, and grain filling was 67%, 42% and 25%, respectively. Leaching fraction at early tillering was lower for Pavon 1RS.1AL (39 %) and Pavon 1RS.1DL (40.5 %) than for Pavon 76 (45.3 %). Leachate nitrate concentration was lower for two translocation lines at all three stages of plant growth compared to Pavon 76. The correlation coefficient between plant N content and root biomass, between plant N content and plant biomass, and between grain yield and root biomass was positive and significant. Significant positive correlation was found between root biomass and P and K uptake. Multiple small applications of N fertilizer during early plant growth with adequate irrigation water are recommended. Wheat genotypes with superior root characteristics for efficient nutrient uptake, especially during tillering and booting, should be developed in breeding programmes to increase grain yield and to minimize the nitrate leaching. 相似文献
13.
Adam J. Lukaszewski 《Euphytica》1997,94(3):257-261
Complete chromosomes 1R and 1B were reconstructed in wheat from the centric wheat-rye translocation 1RS.1BL. Three substitutions:
1R(1A), 1R(1B), 1R(1D), and three new centric translocations: 1RS.1AL, 1RS.1BL, 1RS.1DL were produced from the reconstructed
chromosome 1R. Each one of these has the same rye chromosome arm 1RS which was present in the original translocation 1RS.1BL
of ‘Kavkaz’ wheat. Reconstructed chromosome 1B and a normal chromosome 1R were used to produce a new 1RS.1BL translocation.
This translocation has the long arm from the original 1RS.1BL translocation of ‘Kavkaz’, but a different 1RS arm. The third
generation centric translocations were mitotically stable and were normally transmitted to progeny. Misdivision frequency
of the reconstructed chromosomes 1R did not change relative to normal 1R, whereas the misdivision frequency of the two reconstructed
chromosomes 1B tested was significantly higher relative to normal 1B. These experiments demonstrate that repeated cycles of
centric breakage and fusion do not impair the function of centromeres in wheat and rye but may change chromosome's susceptibility
to misdivision.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
The 1BL·1RS translocation has been widely used in wheat breeding programmes throughout the world. Unfortunately, this translocation has frequently resulted in unsatisfactory grain processing quality. Two primer combinations derived from the published sequence of a ω‐secalin gene on 1RS gave polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments 0.4 and 1.1 kb in size. Both fragments can be used to quickly detect 1BL·1RS translocations. By combining the PCR assay resulting in the 1.1‐kb fragment from 1RS and a PCR assay resulting in a 0.6‐kb fragment from the Glu‐B3 gene on 1BS, plants homozygous for the 1BL 1RS could clearly be distinguished from the heterozygous ones. This codominant marker was successfully applied to genotype a segregating F2 population and a local cultivar collection. 相似文献
15.
耕作方式对小麦开花后旗叶水势与叶绿素荧光参数日变化和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
2007-2009年小麦生长季, 以高产小麦品种济麦22为试验材料, 利用测墒补灌技术确定灌水量, 研究高肥力条件下条旋耕、深松+条旋耕、旋耕、深松+旋耕和翻耕5种耕作方式对土壤含水量、小麦开花至成熟阶段耗水量及其水分来源、旗叶水势和叶绿素荧光参数日变化、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明, 深松+条旋耕和深松+旋耕处理成熟期60~200 cm各土层的土壤含水量均低于其他处理, 表明深松促进了小麦对深层土壤贮水的吸收。深松+条旋耕处理开花至成熟阶段的土壤贮水消耗量及其占阶段耗水量的比例最高, 其降水量和灌水量占阶段耗水量的比例最低。深松+条旋耕处理在6:00~18:00的旗叶水势、8:00~14:00的旗叶最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)均高于条旋耕处理, 表明深松有利于小麦旗叶在灌浆中后期保持较高的生理活性, 深松+旋耕和旋耕处理间的规律与其一致。深松+条旋耕处理在2个生长季的籽粒产量分别为9 516.48和8 957.92 kg hm−2, 与深松+旋耕处理无显著差异, 翻耕处理次之, 条旋耕和旋耕处理低于上述处理。深松+条旋耕处理的水分利用效率最高, 深松+旋耕处理次之, 条旋耕和旋耕处理低于翻耕处理。本试验条件下, 深松+条旋耕是兼顾高产节水高效的耕作方式。 相似文献
16.
Identification of Rye Chromosome 1R Translocations and Substitutions in Hexaploid Wheats Using Storage Proteins as Genetic Markers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Grain protein compositions of 106 advanced generation backcross lines from crosses involving ‘Amigo’ (1AL.1RS), ‘Aurora’, ‘Kavkaz’, ‘Skorospelka-35’ and ‘Sunbird’ (all 1BL.1RS) and ‘Gabo’ 1DL.1RS parents and 152 cultivars with unknown pedigree were analysed by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Eighty seven backcross lines and 16 cultivars carried one or other of these translocations, 2 cultivars had a 1R (1B) substitution, whereas 5 backcross lines were found to be heterogeneous for the 1BL.1RS translocation. The translocation lines were easily identified by the presence of secalins (Sec-1) controlled by rye chromosome arm IRS and a simultaneous loss of the gliadin (Gli-1) and/or triticin (Tri-1) protein bands controlled by the replaced wheat chromosome arm (1AS, 1BS or 1DS). Certain gliadins, showing no allelic variation among the genotypes analysed, were identified as markers for chromosome arms 1AS (Mr= 34 kd) and IBS (Mr= 42,33 kd). The whole chromosome substitutions 1R (1B) were recognized by scoring for the presence of Sec-1 and HMW secalin bands, Sec-3 (controlled by rye chromosome arm 1RL) and the absence of Gli-B1 and HMW glutenin subunits, Glu-B1 (controlled by wheat chromosome arm 1BL). The results have shown that protein electrophoresis provides a rapid and reliable technique for screening genotypes for these translocations and substitutions in a breeding programme. 相似文献
17.
Little is known of genes that influence root development and drought resistance in bread wheat. The evapotranspiration efficiency
(ETE = ratio of vegetative dry weight to total water used) of spring bread wheat tall landrace ‘Chinese Spring’ is relatively
high. We used 42 ditelosomic and dimonotelosomic lines of Chinese Spring to identify chromosome arms that influence plant
characters and ETE. Multiple regression analyses indicated that 96% of the variation observed in ETE was explained by variation
in vegetative dry weight and total water used. Variation in plant height, number of spikes (tillers), root dry weight and
shoot dry weight (excluding grains) together explained 88% of the variation observed in plant vegetative dry weight. Chromosome
arms involved in expression of days to heading and maturity, plant height, number of spikes, root dry weight, shoot dry weight,
number of grains, grain weight, and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) were identified. Specifically, both arms of chromosome
2A, the long arm of chromosome 2B, and the short arm of chromosome 2D might carry genes with positive effects on number of
spikes, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. None of the aneuploids produced grain yield greater than Chinese Spring. The
short arms of chromosomes 6A and 4D might carry genes that suppress Δ. Chromosome 1D might carry genes that increase relative
water loss. The chromosome arms belonging to homoeologous group 2 might carry genes with positive effects on ETE. The genetic
basis of ETE in modern wheats could be broadened by substituting specific chromosome arms of landrace wheats carrying desired
characters into their genomes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
利用揉面特性鉴定小麦1BL/1RS易位系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
1BL/1RS易位系曾广泛用于小麦农艺性状改良,但对加工品质有明显的负面影响。利用404份F5至F8高代品系(试验I)和175份山东省主栽品种及高代品系(试验II),研究1BL/1RS易位对小麦揉面参数的影响,分析不同高低分子量蛋白亚基(HWM/LWM-GS)背景下1BL/1RS的揉面特性,探讨利用揉面特性鉴定1BL/1RS易位系的方法。结果表明,1BL/1RS易位系的揉面时间、峰值带宽及峰后1 min带宽显著低于非1BL/1RS易位系,而衰落角和带宽比(峰值带宽/峰后1 min带宽)显著高于非1BL/1RS易位系,说明1BL/1RS易位导致小麦的揉面特性显著变劣。易位系的揉面谱带的主要特征为峰后1 min谱带急剧衰落并变窄,带宽比显著增大,而非1BL/1RS易位系的峰后谱带衰落、变窄平缓或者稳定时间较长,带宽比较小。带宽比1.6可作为判断易位系的有效指标,即大于或等于1.6为1BL/1RS易位系,小于1.6为非1BL/1RS易位系,准确率达85.2%(试验I)和96.8%(试验II)。尽管优质HWM-GS背景对Glu-B3j(1BL/1RS易位系)的揉面特性有一定正向补偿作用,但品质特性仍显著劣于其他Glu-B3位点,带宽比表现尤为突出。因此,揉面特性不仅能测定育种材料的面团流变学特性,而且还能有效鉴别1BL/1RS易位系。 相似文献
19.
ω-黑麦碱是造成小麦1B/1R易位系加工品质差的一个重要因素,为探索解决这一问题,构建了ω-黑麦碱基因沉默表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导转化小麦品种金禾9123,获得3个T_0代转基因植株,再经连续的扩繁和PCR检测,获得纯合转基因T_4代株系。酸性PAGE检测结果表明,这些纯合转基因株系中ω-黑麦碱的总表达量平均下降53%。这些ω-黑麦碱基因沉默的转基因株系的面筋指数、沉降值和稳定时间均显著提高,而其农艺性状,如株高、穗粒数、千粒重和小区产量,均没有受到不良影响,说明沉默ω-黑麦碱基因可以在不影响产量的前提下提高小麦1B/1R易位系的加工品质。 相似文献
20.
1BL/1RS易位染色体在小麦育种中的应用效果分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以来自周麦18/郑麦9023//周麦18回交组合的156个BC1F5品系(其中89个为1BL/1RS易位系,67个为非1BL/1RS易位系)为材料,研究1BL/1RS易位染色体在小麦育种中的应用效果。结果表明,在周麦18和郑麦9023遗传背景下,1BL/1RS对产量及其相关性状无显著正向作用,与SDS沉淀值呈显著负相关,与白粉病抗性无显著相关。说明来自"洛类"系统的1BL/1RS易位染色体在特定的遗传背景和生态条件下没有明显值得继续利用的价值。 相似文献