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1.
The climate of the Last Glacial period (10,000 to 110,000 years ago) was characterized by rapid millennial-scale climate fluctuations termed Dansgaard/Oeschger (D/O) and Heinrich events. We present results from a speleothem-derived proxy of the South American summer monsoon (SASM) from 16,000 to 50,000 years ago that demonstrate the occurrence of D/O cycles and Heinrich events. This tropical Southern Hemisphere monsoon reconstruction illustrates an antiphase relationship to Northern Hemisphere monsoon intensity at the millennial scale. Our results also show an influence of Antarctic millennial-scale climate fluctuations on the SASM. This high-resolution, precisely dated, tropical precipitation record can be used to establish the timing of climate events in the high latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.  相似文献   

2.
Sedimentary time series of color reflectance and major element chemistry from the anoxic Cariaco Basin off the coast of northern Venezuela record large and abrupt shifts in the hydrologic cycle of the tropical Atlantic during the past 90,000 years. Marine productivity maxima and increased precipitation and riverine discharge from northern South America are closely linked to interstadial (warm) climate events of marine isotope stage 3, as recorded in Greenland ice cores. Increased precipitation at this latitude during interstadials suggests the potential for greater moisture export from the Atlantic to Pacific, which could have affected the salinity balance of the Atlantic and increased thermohaline heat transport to high northern latitudes. This supports the notion that tropical feedbacks played an important role in modulating global climate during the last glacial period.  相似文献   

3.
Titanium and iron concentration data from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, off the Venezuelan coast, can be used to infer variations in the hydrological cycle over northern South America during the past 14,000 years with subdecadal resolution. Following a dry Younger Dryas, a period of increased precipitation and riverine discharge occurred during the Holocene "thermal maximum." Since approximately 5400 years ago, a trend toward drier conditions is evident from the data, with high-amplitude fluctuations and precipitation minima during the time interval 3800 to 2800 years ago and during the "Little Ice Age." These regional changes in precipitation are best explained by shifts in the mean latitude of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), potentially driven by Pacific-based climate variability. The Cariaco Basin record exhibits strong correlations with climate records from distant regions, including the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, providing evidence for global teleconnections among regional climates.  相似文献   

4.
A methane record from the GISP2 ice core reveals that millennial-scale variations in atmospheric methane concentration characterized much of the past 110,00 years. As previously observed in a shorter record from central Greenland, abrupt concentration shifts of about 50 to 300 parts per billion by volume were coeval with most of the interstadial warming events (better known as Dansgaard-Oeschger events) recorded in the GISP2 ice core throughout the last glacial period. The magnitude of the rapid concentration shifts varied on a longer time scale in a manner consistent with variations in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, which suggests that insolation may have modulated the effects of interstadial climate change on the terrestrial biosphere.  相似文献   

5.
Columnar stalagmites in caves of the Guadalupe Mountains during the late Holocene record a 4000-year annually resolved climate history for the southwestern United States. Annual banding, hiatuses, and high-precision uranium-series dating show a present day-like climate from 4000 to 3000 years ago, following a drier middle Holocene. A distinctly wetter and cooler period from 3000 to 800 years ago was followed by a period of present day-like conditions, with the exception of a slightly wetter interval from 440 to 290 years before the present. The stalagmite record correlates well with the archaeological record of changes in cultural activities of indigenous people. Such climate change may help to explain evidence of dwelling abandonment and population redistribution.  相似文献   

6.
通过对2013年晋城市各类地面气象资料进行统计分析,与历年气象资料进行对比,得出2013年晋城市气温偏高,突破极值,其中春夏季偏高幅度较大,秋冬季偏高幅度较小;降水时空分布极不均匀,阳城县和晋城市区两地之间降水量相差335.8 mm;春夏季降水偏多,秋冬季降水偏少,冬季降水量仅为0.2mm,突破历史极值,是降水量最少的一个冬天;无霜期延长;全年出现异常初雷、春季低温冻害、冰雹、暴雨、局地洪涝、干旱、雾霾等异常气候事件及气象灾害.  相似文献   

7.
根据山东省齐河县1959~2012年的气象资料,利用最小二乘法对气温、降水进行线性拟合,并对暴雨、冰雹、大风等要素进行统计,分析了该县近54年来的气候变化特征和规律.结果表明,气温和降水的变化均具有明显的波动性和阶段性,二者均呈整体上升趋势,气温的上升幅度比降水明显偏大,降水季节性变化明显,暴雨日数呈增加趋势,冰雹和大风日数呈下降趋势,暴雨等极端气候事件的发生几率有所增加.分析了气候变化对农作物生长发育、产量形成等的影响,提出了适应气候的对策,为今后齐河县粮食生产顺应气候变化提供依据.  相似文献   

8.
为了提高农业生产应对气候变化能力和防灾减灾水平,通过对皖东南各县汛期4—9月254个自动气象站降水、温度数据资料进行统计分析,对皖东南地区2013年汛期降水、温度气候特征分布、主要农业气象灾害和与历年同期比较情况进一步研究。结果表明:汛期降水较历年同期降水量普遍偏少,西南部降水量大于东北部,该区暴雨分布不均,局部大暴雨;4—6月和9月平均气温接近常年同期,7—8月平均气温异常偏高,且北部平均气温高于南部,高温日数与历年同期相比,普遍偏多1倍,且高温极值多刷新历史记录;汛期农业气象灾害以洪涝和干旱为主,给农业生产带来不利影响。  相似文献   

9.
Records of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (P(CO(2))) and Antarctic temperature have revealed an intriguing change in the magnitude of interglacial warmth and P(CO(2)) at around 430,000 years ago (430 ka), but the global climate repercussions of this change remain elusive. Here, we present a stalagmite-based reconstruction of tropical West Pacific hydroclimate from 570 to 210 ka. The results suggest similar regional precipitation amounts across the four interglacials contained in the record, implying that tropical hydroclimate was insensitive to interglacial differences in P(CO(2)) and high-latitude temperature. In contrast, during glacial terminations, drying in the tropical West Pacific accompanied cooling events in northern high latitudes. Therefore, the tropical convective heat engine can either stabilize or amplify global climate change, depending on the nature of the climate forcing.  相似文献   

10.
吉奇 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(24):13023-13025
对1953~2008年本溪地区温度和降水资料进行统计分析。利用Mann-Kendall方法对年平均气温和年降水量进行突变年检测;应用气温降水异常指标,分析确定异常年。结果表明,本溪地区气候变化特点是温度上升,降水呈减少趋势。气温增加幅度各季差异较大,对气候变暖贡献最大的是冬季,平均最低气温升高幅度明显高于平均最高气温;年平均气温1988年为突变年。1953~2008年,本溪地区降水量呈减少趋势,阶段性较明显;1974年为突变年,之前为降水偏多时段,之后为降水偏少时段。  相似文献   

11.
Feng X  Epstein S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,265(5175):1079-1081
Tree rings from three dendrochronologically dated bristlecone pines were analyzed for stable hydrogen isotopic composition. These trees give a continuous time series from 8000 years ago to the present that indicates the presence of a postglacial climate optimum 6800 years ago and a continuous cooling since then. The qualitative agreement between this record and records from other sources, such as ice cores, pollen, and treeline fluctuations, indicates that these climate changes were global. This record can serve as a reference for other climate indicators throughout the past 8000 years.  相似文献   

12.
利用1960~2010年宁夏9个观测站的日降水量、最高温度及最低温度资料,采用趋势分析方法分析了该地区的极端气候事件变化特征.结果表明,极端降水事件和暴雨日数的变化趋势表现为非均一性,主要以弱的减少趋势为主,具有明显的阶段性变化特征;20世纪80年代中期之后暴雨的主要爆发时间段较之前提前2侯;严重干燥(湿润)事件平均发生频次和持续日数均是由南向北逐渐递增(递减),全区呈一致的增加(减少)趋势,90年代末之后降水趋向于极端性、不均衡性;全区高温(低温)日数呈一致的增加(减少)趋势,北部地区的变化速率相对较大,1998(1993)年发生突变,突变之后显著增加(减少);全区极端高温(低温)事件呈一致的显著增加(减少)趋势,气温变暖在低温上的表现更加显著.  相似文献   

13.
利用石岛地区1981—2010年气温与降水观测资料,采用统计分析方法,对近30年石岛地区的气候变化特征及其对农业生产的影响进行分析。结果表明,近30年石岛地区年平均气温以0.205℃/10 a的速度上升,除秋季外,春、夏、冬各季平均气温均呈上升趋势;年降水量以33.4 mm/10 a的速度缓慢增加,春、夏、秋季降水量均呈缓慢上升趋势,冬季降水量呈缓慢减少趋势。气候变暖对农业生产有利有弊,灾害性天气和极端降水事件将有所增加,干旱和洪涝可能趋于增加,对农业生产影响较大。  相似文献   

14.
李奇虎  陈亚宁 《安徽农业科学》2012,(13):7807-7810,7886
[目的]研究新疆天山北部气候变化及其对径流的影响。[方法]利用新疆天山北部16个气象站和肯斯瓦特近51年的气象、水文实测资料,运用非参数Mann-Kendall单调趋势及突变检验、小波分析、R/S分析及周期性叠加趋势模型,对新疆天山北部气候变化及玛纳斯河的时间序列进行了分析,探讨了近51年来新疆天山北部气候及径流变化的趋势、突变、周期、未来变化趋势及气候变化对源、干流年径流的影响量。[结果]新疆天山北部气温、降水量皆呈显著性增加趋势,且其Hurst指数均大于0.5,表明未来的一段时间内仍将保持这种走势;从年代际来看,1957~1959年气温偏低,降水量偏多,为低温多雨期,60和70年代为低温少雨期8,0年代气温接近多年平均值,降水量偏少,进入90年代以后为高温多雨期,并在2000~2007年尤为显著;气温、降水量分别在19951、996年发生了1.1℃和30.2mm的显著性增多突变;气温在112、2年处周期性显著,降水量存在5、81、42、2年的主周期。玛纳斯河流域年径流量与气候因子均存在周期性与趋势性,且呈周期性波动上升趋势;该流域年径流量和气候因子存在显著的相关关系,气温与年径流量的关系比降水量更密切。[结论]该研究为新疆天山北部的水资源合理配置、生态保护和农业生产提供科学指导。  相似文献   

15.
安徽省夏季降水变化及其对旱涝的影响研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
[目的]探讨安徽省夏季降水变化对旱涝灾害的影响。[方法]通过对降水时间序列线性趋势分析、距平计算和小波变换来研究降水变化规律;采用旱涝Z指数计算气候旱涝指数。[结果]结果表明:夏季降水强度增强趋势明显,极端降水事件增多,以淮北显著;夏季淮北准2年和准8年周期振荡较明显,沿江江南准16年周期较明显;全省平均入梅日期6月16日,出梅为7月10日,梅雨量年际变幅大。[结论]安徽省极端降水事件有增加的趋势,气候旱涝灾害频繁现象从20世纪90年代起越来越明显。  相似文献   

16.
宁夏各站年降水的非线性特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王迎春  冯瑞萍 《江西农业学报》2011,23(6):116-118,121
从观测资料出发,利用非线性振动理论对宁夏年降水气候振动的非线性特征进行了分析和研究,并且利用反演得到的非线性动力学方程对19个站的年降水气候振动进行气候模拟试验,结果表明宁夏大部分地区的年降水气候振动存在弱的非线性振动特征。19个站的年降水气候振动都可看作是一个负阻尼的动力系统,其固有周期的变化范围为1.0~4.1年。年降水气候振动是一个弱的非线性动力系统。这些站点的年降水气候振动是一个类似于具有渐软弹簧特性的非线性动力系统,都存在一个稳定的焦点,但不存在极限环。在降水气候振动中,靠近中北部的地区外源强迫影响作用比南部地区的大。  相似文献   

17.
不同生育期类型大豆主要性状与气候因子之间的相关分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
据1992~1998 年7 年的记载资料,研究了不同生育期类型大豆品种各性状与气候因子间的关系,以及同一品种不同年份各性状间的相关性。结果表明,不同生育期类型大豆品种各主要性状间相关性差异明显,同一性状不同生育期类型之间也存在较大差异。大豆各主要性状与气候因子相关密切;积温、降雨量、日照时数对产量均有不同程度的影响,其中降水的影响作用较为明显。  相似文献   

18.
High-resolution, continuous multivariate chemical records from a central Greenland ice core provide a sensitive measure of climate change and chemical composition of the atmosphere over the last 41,000 years. These chemical series reveal a record of change in the relative size and intensity of the circulation system that transported air masses to Greenland [defined here as the polar circulation index (PCI)] and in the extent of ocean ice cover. Massive iceberg discharge events previously defined from the marine record are correlated with notable expansions of ocean ice cover and increases in PCI. During stadials without discharge events, ocean ice cover appears to reach some common maximum level. The massive aerosol loadings and dramatic variations in ocean ice cover documented in ice cores should be included in climate modeling.  相似文献   

19.
【目的】全球气候正以变暖为主要特征发生显著变化,探究气候变化对黄淮海地区夏玉米-冬小麦种植制度的影响,为制定合理的应对措施提供理论依据。【方法】通过气象站点观测值的加权平均和一元线性回归分析黄淮海各省市地区1992—2013年来的气候变化特征。利用农业气象站点多年长期观察的夏玉米-冬小麦物候数据,通过加权求平均,分析气候变暖背景下夏玉米-冬小麦的生育期和茬口推移情况。采用一元线性回归分析1992—2013年来黄淮海地区夏玉米-冬小麦周年产量变化。同时利用非线性回归分析法和面板数据敏感性分析法分析气候变化对黄淮海地区夏玉米-冬小麦周年产量的影响。【结果】1992—2013年来,黄淮海地区温度整体呈现波动上升趋势,降水总量变化趋势不明显,但区域差异显著。在气候变化的背景下,黄淮海地区夏玉米-冬小麦种植模式发生明显改变:冬小麦播种时间推迟,生育期存在缩短趋势,不同地区缩短2—5 d不等;夏玉米播种时间南部推迟而北部提前,收获时间总体呈现推迟趋势,整个黄淮海地区生育时长未发生明显变化。茬口时间因夏玉米-冬小麦生育期的推移呈现不同程度延长,造成了气候和土地资源的浪费。1992—2013年间黄淮海地区夏玉米-冬小麦单产呈显著上升趋势,多数省份达到显著水平。非线性敏感性分析表明,最低温度、最高温度和平均温度对夏玉米-冬小麦产量的影响基本表现为同时增产或同时减产的一致性。冬小麦产量受最低温度的影响最为显著,东南部的江苏省和山东省减产明显,而北部河北省和西部河南省表现为增产。温度升高除对河南省夏玉米有增产作用外,其他省份夏玉米产量均出现不同程度的降低,这可能与温度升高的幅度不同和降水的区域性差异有关。降水量对夏玉米-冬小麦产量影响存在地区差异。总体上气候变暖对周年单产影响表现为北部增产,而南部减产,因而选择适宜早播且生育期长的夏玉米品种对保障周年产量具有重要意义。【结论】气候变暖背景下,黄淮海地区冬小麦播种时间推迟,生育期缩短,夏玉米生育期北部延长而南部缩短,生育期的推移导致茬口时间延长,造成了气候资源和土地资源的浪费。1992—2013年间夏玉米-冬小麦周年产量显著提高。温度升高和降水增加对产量的影响存在区域差异,整个区域平均来看升温使夏玉米减产,冬小麦增产;降水增加有利于黄淮海北部地区夏玉米的产量形成,对南部地区夏玉米产量则存在不利影响,而对黄淮海大部分地区冬小麦的产量形成不利。  相似文献   

20.
包维民  盛艳姣  孙艳  杨晶  李叶妮 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(32):18369-18371
根据桓仁地区1954~2009年的气温及降水资料,分析了桓仁地区的气候变化特征,得出近56年来桓仁地区年平均气温呈上升趋势,平均气温倾向率为0.29℃/10 a,四季气温也呈上升趋势,冬季变暖尤为明显,倾向率为0.71℃/10 a;年降水量呈下降趋势,其倾向率为-26.83 mm/10 a,夏季降水量减少较为明显(-12.17 mm/10 a),秋季次之(-10.22 mm/10 a),冬季降水量略显增多,其倾向率为0.34 mm/10 a。以1987年为界,可将桓仁地区气候分为2个阶段:1954~1987年为相对冷期,1988~2009年为相对暖期。  相似文献   

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