共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 749 毫秒
1.
Carter WE Robertson DS Pettey JE Tapley BD Schutz BE Eanes RJ Lufeng M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,224(4652):957-961
Variations in the earth's rotation (UT1) and length of day have been tracked at the submillisecond level by astronomical radio interferometry and laser ranging to the LAGEOS satellite. Three years of regular measurements reveal complex patterns of variations including UT1 fluctuations as large as 5 milliseconds in a few weeks. Comparison of the observed changes in length of day with variations in the global atmospheric angular momentum indicates that the dominant cause of changes in the earth's spin rate, on time scales from a week to several years, is the exchange of angular momentum between the atmosphere and the mantle. The unusually intense El Ni?o of 1982-1983 was marked by a strong peak in the length of day. 相似文献
2.
农村居民消费支出水平和结构的变化,可在一定程度上反映农村居民的生活质量和生活水平的状况。以天津市为例,根据2002—2012年天津市农村居民消费统计数据,从消费水平和消费结构两个角度对农村居民的消费变化特点和趋势进行了分析。从消费水平上看,近10年天津市农村居民总体消费水平呈现快速增长态势,10年间增长了2.85倍,平均年增长率达到14%以上;从消费结构上看,人均食品、衣着、居住的生存型消费支出都趋于下降或持平的状态,但三者之和所占支出比例超过了60%,而人均家庭设备及用品、交通通信、文教娱乐和医疗保健等享受型消费支出出现了快速增长的势头。 相似文献
3.
Neptune receives only 1/900th of the earth's solar energy, but has wind speeds of nearly 600 meters per second. How the near-supersonic winds can be maintained has been a puzzle. A plausible mechanism, based on principles of angular momentum and energy conservation in conjunction with deep convection, leads to a regime of uniform angular momentum at low latitudes. In this model, the rapid retrograde winds observed are a manifestation of deep convection, and the high efficiency of the planet's heat engine is intrinsic from the room allowed at low latitudes for reversible processes, the high temperatures at which heat is added to the atmosphere, and the low temperatures at which heat is extracted. 相似文献
4.
Macdonald GJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(3786):304-305
A radio interferometer could yield an error on the order of 10(-9) second at the semidiurnal frequency. With errors of this magnitude, yearly changes in the rate at which the earth's rotation is slowing down could be determined. The proposed interferometer could also yield significant improvements in the determination of the Love number k and its variation with frequency, and in the changes in angular momentum of the atmosphere for periods greater than 1 week. 相似文献
5.
随着人们生活水平的提高,改善居住环境,城市绿化日渐升温,对绿化树种的要求更加精细。彩色苗木走进小区绿化行列之中,红叶石楠(学名:Photinia serrulata)是蔷薇科石楠属杂交种的统称,常绿灌木或小乔木,红叶石楠以其优越的品质倍受国人的睛睐,目前在江浙一带发展势头迅猛,前景一遍大好。 相似文献
6.
The small eccentricity of Neptune may be a direct consequence of apsidal wave interaction with the trans-Neptune population of debris called the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is subject to resonant perturbations from Neptune, so that the transport of angular momentum by density waves can result in orbital evolution of Neptune as well as changes in the structure of the Kuiper belt. In particular, for a belt eroded out to the vicinity of Neptune's 2:1 resonance at about 48 astronomical units, Neptune's eccentricity can damp to its current value over the age of the solar system if the belt contains slightly more than an earth mass of material out to about 75 astronomical units. 相似文献
7.
Estimates can be made of unseen mass (in the form of cometary nuclei) at the heliocentric distances between 3 x 10(3) and 2 x 10(4) astronomical units(AU) under the assumptions (i) that the Oort cloud is a rarefied halo surrounding the core (dense, inner cometary cloud) and (ii) that the mass and albedo of comet Halley is typical for comets both in the core and the Oort cloud populations. The mass appears to be approximately 0.03 solar masses, with angular momentum of the order of 10(52) to 10(53) g-cm(2)/s. This mass is of the order of the total mass of the planetary system before the loss of volatiles. This leads to an estimate of a mass M(o) approximately 100 M( plus sign in circle) (where M( plus sign in circle) is the mass of Earth) concentrated in the Oort cloud (r > 2 x 10(4) AU) with an angular momentum that may exceed the present angular momentum of the whole planetary system by one order of magnitude. The present angular momentum of the Oort cloud appears to be of the same order as the total angular momentum of the planetary system before the loss of volatiles. 相似文献
8.
Wagner K Janousek J Delaubert V Zou H Harb C Treps N Morizur JF Lam PK Bachor HA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5888):541-543
Position and momentum were the first pair of conjugate observables explicitly used to illustrate the intricacy of quantum mechanics. We have extended position and momentum entanglement to bright optical beams. Applications in optical metrology and interferometry require the continuous measurement of laser beams, with the accuracy fundamentally limited by the uncertainty principle. Techniques based on spatial entanglement of the beams could overcome this limit, and high-quality entanglement is required. We report a value of 0.51 for inseparability and 0.62 for the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen criterion, both normalized to a classical limit of 1. These results are a conclusive optical demonstration of macroscopic position and momentum quantum entanglement and also confirm that the resources for spatial multimode protocols are available. 相似文献
9.
Z Shen PJ White DL Feng C Kim GD Gu H Ikeda R Yoshizaki N Koshizuka 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5361):259-262
Angle-resolved photoemission data from the cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta above and below the superconducting transition temperature Tc reveal momentum-dependent changes that extend up to an energy of about 0.3 electron volt, or 40kTc (where k is the Boltzmann constant). The data suggest an anomalous transfer of spectral weight from one momentum to another, involving a sizable momentum transfer Q approximately (0.45pi, 0). The observed Q is intriguingly near the charge-order periodicity required if fluctuating charge stripes are present. 相似文献
10.
Ohta K Onoda S Hirose K Sinmyo R Shimizu K Sata N Ohishi Y Yasuhara A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5872):89-91
Recent discovery of a phase transition from perovskite to post-perovskite suggests that the physical properties of Earth's lowermost mantle, called the D' layer, may be different from those of the overlying mantle. We report that the electrical conductivity of (Mg0.9Fe0.1)SiO3 post-perovskite is >10(2) siemens per meter and does not vary greatly with temperature at the conditions of the D' layer. A post-perovskite layer above the core-mantle boundary would, by electromagnetic coupling, enhance the exchange of angular momentum between the fluid core and the solid mantle, which can explain the observed changes in the length of a day on decadal time scales. Heterogeneity in the conductivity of the lowermost mantle is likely to depend on changes in chemistry of the boundary region, not fluctuations in temperature. 相似文献
11.
12.
Gates WL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,191(4232):1138-1144
Using the boundary conditions of seasurface temperature, ice sheet topography, and surface albedo assembled by CLIMAP for 18,000 B.P., the global ice-age July climate has been simulated with a two-level dynamical atmospheric model. Compared with the simulation for present July climate, the ice age is substantially cooler and drier over the unglaciated continental areas, with the maximum zonal westerlies in the Northern Hemisphere displaced southward in the vicinity of the ice sheets. The simulated changes of surface air temperature agree reasonably well with the estimates available from the analysis of fossil pollen and periglacial data, and are consistent with the simulated changes of other climatic variables. These results are generally supported by independent investigations with simpler models. In spite of this qualified success, further analysis of both simulated and verification data is needed to establish the details of ice-age climate, especially the precipitation regimes, and to document the role of eddy fluxes in maintaining the heat, momentum, and moisture balances of the ice-age general circulation. New paleoclimatic data bases for both July and January of 18,000 B.P. are being assembled by CLIMAP and will be used in new simulations of the seasonal ice-age climate. 相似文献
13.
Wetherill GW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,253(5019):535-538
Present theories of terrestrial planet formation predict the rapid ;;runaway formation' of planetary embryos. The sizes of the embryos increase with heliocentric distance. These embryos then merge to form planets. In earlier Monte Carlo simulations of the merger of these embryos it was assumed that embryos did not form in the asteroid belt, but this assumption may not be valid. Simulations in which runaways were allowed to form in the asteroid belt show that, although the initial distributions of mass, energy, and angular momentum are different from those observed today, during the growth of the planets these distributions spontaneously evolve toward those observed, simply as a result of known solar system processes. Even when a large planet analogous to ;;Jupiter' does not form, an Earth-sized planet is almost always found near Earth's heliocentric distance. These results suggest that occurrence of Earth-like planets may be a common feature of planetary systems. 相似文献
14.
Paulson S Helser A Nardelli MB Taylor RM Falvo M Superfine R Washburn S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5497):1742-1744
The transfer of electrons from one material to another is usually described in terms of energy conservation, with no attention being paid to momentum conservation. Here we present results on the junction resistance between a carbon nanotube and a graphite substrate and show that details of momentum conservation also can change the contact resistance. By changing the angular alignment of the atomic lattices, we found that contact resistance varied by more than an order of magnitude in a controlled and reproducible fashion, indicating that momentum conservation, in addition to energy conservation, can dictate the junction resistance in graphene systems such as carbon nanotube junctions and devices. 相似文献
15.
2012年1—10月,中国农产品进口额和出口额分别为922．5亿美元和506．2亿美元,同比分别增长23．7％和4．5％。进出口增势减缓,出口呈低速增长,进口仍保持快速增长势头。主要出口市场明显萎缩,多数农产品出口量减价升,粮食、食糖和棉花进口量激增。展望2013年,受世界经济低速增长、贸易保护主义加剧等因素影响,中国农产品出口仍面临很大挑战。在国际粮价飙升的传导作用下,大宗农产品价格高位波动,国内部分农产品供求形势向好．进口快速增长势头将受到抑制。 相似文献
16.
改革开放以来 ,我国的农业生产结构虽然得到了较快的调整 ,但与变化更快的市场相比却总是慢半拍。尤其近几年来 ,随着宏观经济形势的变化和农业的连年丰收 ,使农业生产结构面临着新的问题 ,迫切需要进行与以往任何一次调整不同的新一轮调整。本文拟从新一轮农业生产结构调整的社会经济背景入手 ,分析新一轮农业生产结构调整的内涵及其对策 相似文献
17.
Climate Change During the Last Deglaciation in Antarctica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
PA Mayewski MS Twickler SI Whitlow LD Meeker Q Yang J Thomas K Kreutz PM Grootes DL Morse EJ Steig ED Waddington ES Saltzman P Whung KC Taylor 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5268):1636-1638
Greenland ice core records provide clear evidence of rapid changes in climate in a variety of climate indicators. In this work, rapid climate change events in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are compared on the basis of an examination of changes in atmospheric circulation developed from two ice cores. High-resolution glaciochemical series, covering the period 10,000 to 16,000 years ago, from a central Greenland ice core and a new site in east Antarctica display similar variability. These findings suggest that rapid climate change events occur more frequently in Antarctica than previously demonstrated. 相似文献
18.
采用积分模型计算管道沿程压降,将管道划分成均匀方形网格,每个网格和相邻网格在性质和参数上都不同,通过逐层迭代计算,并利用实测终端压强值进行校正,在误差允许范围内,模拟出管道中的两相流动状态以及各处压强变化情况。考虑了管道流动中流型的变化,即在各个不同区域的不同流型内分别利用公式定量地规范计算出各种流型下的结果,避免了单一流型笼统计算出结果的较大误差。 相似文献
19.
Fluid inclusion data suggest that the composition of major elements in seawater changes slowly over geological time scales. This view contrasts with high-resolution isotope data that imply more rapid fluctuations of seawater chemistry. We used a non-steady-state box model of the global sulfur cycle to show that the global δ(34)S record can be explained by variable marine sulfate concentrations triggered by basin-scale evaporite precipitation and dissolution. The record is characterized by long phases of stasis, punctuated by short intervals of rapid change. Sulfate concentrations affect several important biological processes, including carbonate mineralogy, microbially mediated organic matter remineralization, sedimentary phosphorous regeneration, nitrogen fixation, and sulfate aerosol formation. These changes are likely to affect ocean productivity, the global carbon cycle, and climate. 相似文献