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哈茨木霉菌株TRI2的鉴定及其对黄瓜根结线虫的防治作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为在生产上更好的防治根结线虫病害,同时为新型、高效的生物杀线剂的研制和开发提供一定的理论基础。采用形态学观察及ITS、tef1序列分析方法鉴定木霉菌株TRI2为哈茨木霉,测定了其发酵液对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫的作用,并进行了盆栽试验及田间试验。结果表明,木霉菌TRI2发酵液在48 h时可以100%杀死根结线虫,在盆栽试验中使黄瓜根结减退率达到63.5%,在田间对黄瓜根结线虫的防治效果达到72.2%,且在田间与阿维菌素具有相似的防治效果。菌株TRI2的鉴定及防治效果的确定为研究其生防机制及开发应用提供了依据。 相似文献
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侧根构型直接影响植物根系形态建成,是植物整个根系的重要组成部分,在植物抗逆反应中起着重要作用。为了研究植物激素脱落酸(ABA)调控侧根生长发育的分子机制,本研究归纳了ABA在侧根发育中的信号传递,揭示了ABA在侧根起始中的双重作用和ABA对侧根分生组织活性的抑制作用。并分析了在侧根发育过程中ABA与其他调控因素包括活性氧(ROS)、生长素、细胞分裂素、碳和氮信号,以及盐胁迫间的交叉对话机制,指出ABA通过诱导根中ROS的产生,拮抗生长素和协同细胞分裂素的作用从而达到抑制侧根生长发育;ABA还参与了复杂的碳和氮信号调控的侧根发育过程;此外,ABA信号介导了盐胁迫对侧根发育起始的抑制。ABA调控侧根生长发育的分子机制的揭示可以为改善植物根系性状,提高作物抗逆性提供指导作用,然而,ABA对根生长调控的分子机制还不是很清楚,根系形成也十分复杂,因此需要更多的努力。 相似文献
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木霉制剂对茉莉白绢病和土壤微生物数量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用稀释分离法研究了木霉菌在土壤中的定殖动态以及木霉制剂对土壤微生物数量的影响情况,田间测定了木霉制剂对茉莉白绢病的防治效果。结果表明,在含有基质的情况下,木霉菌在土壤中的存活数量呈先上升后下降的趋势;并且木霉菌在灭菌土中的存活量明显高于自然土。茉莉种植园施入木霉制剂后,茉莉根围土壤中细菌和真菌的数量显著提高,白绢病的发病率明显降低;处理区的最高防效达71.07%。 相似文献
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果树根系分布研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根系是植物重要的器官之一,果树根系的好坏直接影响到果树吸收土壤中水分及养分的能力,进而影响到果树的产量及果实的品质。目前主要采用间接法和直接法对根系进行研究,综述现有研究成果显示：果树根系分布主要集中于某一区域内,整体上呈现随着距离的增加而逐渐减少的趋势;不同种类的植物或同类植物的不同品种对根系分布影响较大;平地较坡地根系生物量大,且分布较深而阳面根系分布较少;根系生长具有向水向肥性,土壤含水率及养分含量增加,根系亦一定程度增大;根系生长具有时间变异性,不同树龄或同一树龄的不同时间段根系分布也是不同的;种植模式、种植密度、定植方式和农艺措施对果树根系分布也有重要影响;不同的灌溉技术,土壤水分分布区域不同,果树根系分布范围亦不同。并进一步指出,现阶段根系分布研究中存在的问题,提出相应的解决方法,以期为果树根系的进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2016,(11)
了解植物生长及其构成器官的调控机理是生物学上的一个重要目标。植物叶的发育是一个有趣的过程,由多种复杂的途径相互作用进行调控。一方面,叶发育的过程具有很强的可塑性,环境因素可以影响叶最终的大小和形态;而另一方面,植物叶片的发育过程普遍地遵循着一个基本模式,即叶原基从植物地上部分的顶端分生组织周围区起始发育,经过一系列细胞分裂和分化的程序最终发育成成熟的叶。在这一过程中,每一阶段都涉及转录因子、小分子RNA及植物激素等多种调控因素的复杂调控作用,最终形成形态大小固定的一片叶。本综述中主要从植物叶原基发育、叶轴性发育、叶大小发育和叶形发育等方面阐述了植物叶发育过程中各种因素的调控作用 相似文献
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磷是植物生长和发育所必需的大量营养元素之一。由于自然或者人为原因,土壤中有效磷的分布严重不均。在长期的进化过程中,植物逐渐形成了复杂的响应机制以维持体内的磷的稳态。植物可以通过改变根系构型、形成菌根共生体、诱导高亲和磷酸盐转运体、诱导分泌有机酸和酸性磷酸酶等多种途径,提高植物吸收和利用磷的效率。目前关于植物对低磷胁迫信号转导和适应机制的研究已比较深入,但是关于植物如何在磷充足、磷富余情况下避免磷毒害方面的研究还尚未明确。为了增加水稻的产量,农民往往施加了过量的化肥,这不仅造成了环境污染,也造成了部分耕地中磷的过量积累。植物也具有精细的调控机制,避免高磷毒害。本研究主要针对植物防止过量积累磷的分子机制进行综述,并对该领域未来的研究重点进行了展望。 相似文献
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As plants cannot relocate, they require effective root systems for water and nutrient uptake. Root development plasticity enables plants to adapt to different environmental conditions. Research on improvements in crop root systems is limited in comparison with that in shoots as the former are difficult to image. Breeding more effective root systems is proposed as the “second green revolution”. There are several recent publications on root system architecture (RSA), but the methods used to analyze the RSA have not been standardized. Here, we introduce traditional and current root-imaging methods and discuss root structure phenotyping. Some important root structures have not been standardized as roots are easily affected by rhizosphere conditions and exhibit greater plasticity than shoots; moreover, root morphology significantly varies even in the same genotype. For these reasons, it is difficult to define the ideal root systems for breeding. In this review, we introduce several types of software to analyze roots and identify important root parameters by modeling to simplify the root system characterization. These parameters can be extracted from photographs captured in the field. This modeling approach is applicable to various legacy root data stored in old or unpublished formats. Standardization of RSA data could help estimate root ideotypes. 相似文献
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Nonawin Lucob-Agustin Tsubasa Kawai Mana Kano-Nakata Roel R. Suralta Jonathan M. Niones Tomomi Hasegawa Mayuko Inari-Ikeda Akira Yamauchi Yoshiaki Inukai 《Breeding Science》2021,71(1):20
Different types of water stress severely affect crop production, and the plant root system plays a critical role in stress avoidance. In the case of rice, a cereal crop cultivated under the widest range of soil hydrologic conditions, from irrigated anaerobic conditions to rainfed conditions, phenotypic root plasticity is of particular relevance. Recently, important plastic root traits under different water stress conditions, and their physiological and molecular mechanisms have been gradually understood. In this review, we summarize these plastic root traits and their contributions to dry matter production through enhancement of water uptake under different water stress conditions. We also discuss the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating the phenotypic plasticity of root systems. 相似文献
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国道309线周边植物表型可塑性浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
公路周边的植物受到交通污染后,在响应异质性生境的过程中,会出现表型方面的改变。基于国道309线周边植物多样性调查,对各样地植物的根长、株高、叶面积、根冠比等性状与土壤含水量、交通量和滞尘量进行测定和相关性分析,结果表明：样地内植物种类主要有茵陈蒿、灰绿藜、艾草、野老鹤草及复盆子5类,其中优势种为茵陈蒿、灰绿藜和艾草。样地公路段系双车道二级公路,路侧植物的路距与灰绿藜的叶片滞尘量关系紧密;样地土壤含水量与植物表型可塑性指标呈现一定的相关性,即随着含水量减小,植物根长、叶面积、根冠比及植物多样性指数均增大,但株高减少。样地中不同植物的根长、株高、叶面积和根冠比等表型可塑性指标也差异明显,表现出对异质性生境不同的适应性。 相似文献
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Crop productivity in semiarid regions is mainly limited by water availability. Root characteristics and plasticity to drought may reduce the negative impact of drought on crop yield. A set of near-isogenic wheat-rye translocation lines was used to test the hypothesis that root system plasticity to drought influences grain yield in wheat. Bread wheat Pavon 76 and 1RS translocation lines, namely Pavon 1RS.1AL, Pavon 1RS.1BL, and Pavon 1RS.1DL were evaluated for root allocation and plasticity in sand-tube experiments under well-watered and droughted conditions across 2 years using factorial treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The 1RS translocation lines had greater root biomass per plant ranging from 7.37 to 8.6 compared to 5.81 g for Pavon 76. Only Pavon 76 showed a positive response to drought by producing more shallow roots (roots developed between 0 and 30 cm) and deep roots (roots developed below 30 cm) in droughted conditions than in well-watered conditions. Thus at drought intensity of 19% (measured as overall reduction in grain yield), grain yield in Pavon 76 was reduced only by 11% compared to the other genotypes with yield reductions ranging from 18 to 24%. However, at drought intensity of 36%, grain yield in Pavon 76 showed maximum reduction indicating that greater root production under drought is advantageous only when plant-available water is enough to support grain production. Grain yield was positively correlated with shallow and deep root weight and root biomass under terminal drought. Correlation coefficients between root system components (shallow and deep root weight and root biomass) and phenological periods were not significant. Our study indicated that genes influencing adaptive phenotypic plasticity of the root system to drought in Pavon 76 are located on chromosome 1BS. 相似文献
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采用大样本取样野外实地测定方法,对丹东地区雨久花种群生殖株的数量性状和生殖分配规律进行了分析。结果表明,在开花期,雨久花种群单个生殖株植株高度和花序长分别为(91.59±7.96)cm和(11.10±2.46)cm,花数为(68.47±18.52)个;生殖株生物量、根生物量、茎生物量、叶生物量和花序生物量分别为(9.97±4.13)g、(1.21±0.66)g、(6.36±2.91)g、(1.35±0.76)g和(1.05±0.51)g。花期雨久花种群生殖株变异系数以叶生物量最大,为56.41%;其次为根生物量54.14%;株高最小,为4.87%,各数量性状具有较大的表型可塑性。雨久花种群生殖株表型可塑性遵循着规律性,即随着株高的增加,花序长和花数量呈幂函数增加,根生物量和花序生物量呈直线增加;花序生物量与总生物量之间不存在相关的函数关系。 相似文献
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A. G. Górny 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(3):161-167
Oat and spring barley cultivars, varying in origin and date of release, were examined in soil boxes with sloped glass-face. Considerable genotypic differences were found in shoot and root response to high and low nitrogen supply. Oat cultivars, representing a wider germplasm collection, exhibited a stronger and partially different shoot and root response to applied N-levels than barley cultivars. Cultivar-fertilization interaction effects were significant for seminal and adventitious root variation. Genotypic specificity (plasticity) in root response, as revealed in some oat and barley cultivars with a deeper penetration and more vigorous root growth under the low N-supply, was recognized to be a valuable adaptive characteristic for breeding plants on light-textured soils. 相似文献
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Ryosuke Tajima 《Breeding Science》2021,71(1):13
Resource acquisition, one of the major functions of roots, can contribute to crop growth and mitigating environmental impacts. The spatio-temporal distribution of roots in the soil in relation to the dynamics of the soil resources is critical in resource acquisition. Root distribution is determined by root system development. The root system consists of many individual roots of different types and ages. Each individual root has specific development, resource acquisition, and transport traits, which change with root growth. The integration of individual root traits in the root system could exhibit crop performance in the various environments via root distribution in the soil. However, the relationship between individual root traits and the pattern of root distribution is complicated. To understand this complicated relationship, we need to evaluate enormous numbers of individual root traits and understand the relationship between individual root development and root distribution as well as the integrated functions of individual root traits along with dynamics of resources in the soil. 相似文献
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M. R. Abenavoli M. Leone F. Sunseri M. Bacchi A. Sorgonà 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2016,202(1):1-12
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is cultivated throughout Latin America and Africa, and for the European community, in Italy and Spain, areas are mainly subjected to drought stress which is predict to worsen by regional climatic models. The aims of this work were to identify the drought‐tolerant and drought‐sensitive bean landraces using drought tolerance and phenotypic plasticity indexes and to dissect the root morphological and 2D‐architecture traits related to drought tolerance. Thirty‐one landraces from diverse gene pools and areas of the Calabria region (South Italy), with different habits and morphological traits, were screened for drought tolerance in a hydroponic system. Root phenotyping was conducted by image analysis. Drought tolerance screening identified two landraces as drought tolerant and sensitive, respectively. Under drought stress, the drought‐tolerant landrace exhibited several interesting root traits such as a higher root length, surface area and, above all, the fineness of the whole root systems and, with emphasis, of the higher order roots. Drought stress induced plastic root responses in both bean landraces but with contrasting patterns. The drought‐tolerant landrace exhibited a dimorphic‐rooted strategy, which could be included in future utility for bean breeding programmes in drought‐prone environments. 相似文献
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微垄膜侧沟播对夏播谷子根系及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对夏播谷子80%以上种植于旱地、产量低而不稳的问题,采用随机区组设计,研究了微垄膜侧沟播对谷子根系生长发育和产量的影响,结果表明:微垄膜侧沟播对谷子根系的生长发育和产量具有显著的促进作用,微垄膜侧沟播的总根长、总表面积、总体积、根尖数、根直径均显著高于对照,分别较对照增加了14.63%、21.59%、31.59%、11.44%、12.39%。产量增加44.59%,产量与根长、总表面积、总体积、根尖数、根干物重、根直径具有显著的正相关关系,发达的根系是微垄膜侧沟播技术增产的根源。 相似文献