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1.
Jill K Maney H Edward Durham Kathleen P Goucher Erika L Little 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):539-544
Objective
To compare the induction and recovery characteristics and selected cardiopulmonary variables of midazolam–alfaxalone or midazolam–ketamine in donkeys sedated with xylazine.Study design
Randomized, blinded, crossover experimental trial.Animals
A group of seven adult male castrated donkeys weighing 164 ± 14 kg.Methods
Donkeys were randomly administered midazolam (0.05 mg kg?1) and alfaxalone (1 mg kg?1) or midazolam (0.05 mg kg?1) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg?1) intravenously following sedation with xylazine, with ≥ 7 days between treatments. Donkeys were not endotracheally intubated and breathed room air. Time to lateral recumbency, first movement, sternal recumbency and standing were recorded. Induction and recovery were assigned scores between 1 (very poor) and 5 (excellent). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), invasive arterial blood pressures and arterial blood gases were measured before induction and every 5 minutes following induction until first movement.Results
Time to lateral recumbency (mean ± standard deviation) was shorter after alfaxalone (29 ± 10 seconds) compared with ketamine (51 ± 9 seconds; p = 0.01). Time to first movement was the same between treatments (27 versus 23 minutes). Time to standing was longer with alfaxalone (58 ± 15 minutes) compared with ketamine (33 ± 8 minutes; p = 0.01). Recovery score [median (range)] was of lower quality with alfaxalone [3 (2–5)] compared with ketamine [5 (3–5); p = 0.03]. There were no differences in HR, fR or arterial pressures between treatments. No clinically important differences in blood gases were identified between treatments. Five of seven donkeys administered alfaxalone became hypoxemic (PaO2 <60 mmHg; 8.0 kPa) and all donkeys administered ketamine became hypoxemic (p = 0.13).Conclusions and clinical relevance
Both midazolam–alfaxalone and midazolam–ketamine produced acceptable anesthetic induction and recovery in donkeys after xylazine sedation. Hypoxemia occurred with both treatments. 相似文献2.
Adrianna M. Sage Stephanie CJ. Keating Kara M. Lascola David J. Schaeffer Stuart C. Clark-Price 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):772-781
Objective
To evaluate cardiopulmonary and recovery characteristics of horses administered total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with xylazine and ketamine combined with midazolam or propofol.Study design
Randomized crossover study.Animals
A group of eight adult horses, aged 7–22 years, weighing 493–740 kg.Methods
Horses were administered xylazine (1 mg kg?1) intravenously (IV), and anesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.2 mg kg?1) IV. Anesthesia was maintained for 45 minutes via IV infusion of xylazine (0.016 mg kg?1 minute?1) and ketamine (0.03 mg kg?1 minute?1) combined with midazolam at 0.002 mg kg?1 minute?1 (MKX), propofol at 0.05 mg kg?1 minute?1 (PKXlow) or propofol at 0.1 mg kg?1 minute?1 (PKXhigh). Additional ketamine was administered if a horse moved spontaneously. Cardiopulmonary variables, blood gases, lactate concentration, packed cell volume and total solids were recorded before sedation (baseline), at 10, 20, 30 and 45 minutes during TIVA and 10 minutes after standing. Recovery variables and quantitative recovery scores were compared. Significance was set at p < 0.05.Results
Additional ketamine was required for 50% of MKX horses. Systolic arterial pressure was elevated in MKX at 20 minutes compared with baseline (p = 0.043), at 10 and 20 minutes compared with PKXhigh (p = 0.007, p = 0.024) and at 20 and 30 minutes compared with PKXlow (p = 0.009, p = 0.02). MKX horses (5/8) were hypertensive compared with PKXlow (1/8; p = 0.017). All horses became hypoxemic (PaO2 ≤80 mmHg; 10.7 kPa) during TIVA. Recovery variables did not differ among treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevance
PKXlow and PKXhigh had similar cardiopulmonary and recovery performance compared with MKX. PKX combinations provided superior quality of anesthesia to that of MKX. A combination of propofol, ketamine and xylazine administered as TIVA can be used in horses to provide anesthesia for short procedures. Supplemental oxygen is recommended. 相似文献3.
《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2020,47(4):547-551
ObjectiveTo evaluate the anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine–alfaxalone anesthesia in donkey foals undergoing field castration.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsA group of seven standard donkeys aged [median (range)] 12 (10–26) weeks, weighing 47.3 (37.3–68.2) kg.MethodsDonkeys were anesthetized with xylazine (1 mg kg−1) intravenously (IV) followed 3 minutes later by alfaxalone (1 mg kg−1) IV. Additional doses of xylazine (0.5 mg kg−1) and alfaxalone (0.5 mg kg−1) IV were administered as needed to maintain surgical anesthesia. Intranasal oxygen was supplemented at 3 L minute−1. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) by oscillometry were recorded before drug administration and every 5 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) was recorded every 5 minutes after induction. Time to recumbency after alfaxalone administration, time to anesthetic re-dose, time to first movement, sternal and standing after last anesthetic dose and surgery time were recorded. Induction and recovery quality were scored (1, very poor; 5, excellent).ResultsMedian (range) induction score was 5 (1–5), and recovery score 4 (1–5). Overall, two donkeys were assigned a score of 1 (excitement) during induction or recovery. HR and MAP during the procedure did not differ from baseline. fR was decreased at 5 and 10 minutes but was not considered clinically significant. SpO2 was <90% at one time point in two animals.Conclusions and clinical relevanceXylazine–alfaxalone anesthesia resulted in adequate conditions for castration in 12 week old donkeys. While the majority of inductions and recoveries were good to excellent, significant excitement occurred in two animals and may limit the utility of this protocol for larger donkeys. Hypoxemia occurred despite intranasal oxygen supplementation. 相似文献
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E.M. Luengos Vidal D.F. Castillo J. Baglioni C. Manfredi M. Lucherini E.B. Casanave 《Research in veterinary science》2014
Two protocols to immobilise free-ranging Pampas foxes for ear-tagging or radio-collaring were evaluated. One hundred fifteen foxes were injected with ketamine–xylazine (K–X) and thirteen with tiletamine–zolazepam (T–Z). The use of both T–Z and K–X combinations typically resulted in a smooth induction and recovery. In 86% of the cases K–X protocol was judged effective (mean ± SD, K: 10.7 ± 3.3 mg/kg, X: 1.0 ± 1.0 mg/kg) while T–Z protocol was judged effective in 92% of the cases (T: 3.6 ± 1.05 mg/kg, Z: 3.6 ± 1.05 mg/kg). The primary differences between the two drug combinations were that the time necessary for the complete recovery was longer with T–Z, and thermic problems were found more frequently with K–X. Additionally, our results suggest that thermic stress may be a relatively frequent complication for Pampas foxes. This study provides baseline data on some physiologic variables in Pampas foxes captured with different methods and drugs in field conditions. 相似文献
6.
Francesco Mancini Sara Nannarone Sandra Buratta Giuseppina Ferrara Anna Maria Stabile Matteo Vuerich Isabella Santinelli Alessandra Pistilli Elisabetta Chiaradia 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):295-308
Objective
To assess the effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine on equine chondrocytes, in vitro.Study design
Prospective, experimental study.Study material
Equine articular chondrocytes from five male horses.Methods
Chondrocytes were isolated from healthy equine articular cartilage of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints. Cell viability was assessed using the WST-8 assay by exposing chondrocytes to xylazine (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.6, 25, 50 mg mL?1) or dexmedetomidine (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.175, 0.25 mg mL?1) for 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Based on the results of these tests, cells were treated with xylazine (1, 4, 25 mg mL?1) or dexmedetomidine (0.05, 0.175, 0.25 mg mL?1) for 15 minutes to further evaluate: cell viability by neutral red uptake; cell membrane integrity by lactate dehydrogenase release and by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI), and apoptosis by flow cytometry using double staining with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI and by cell morphology.Results
Both drugs reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, all xylazine concentrations, except 0.5 mg mL?1 and 1 mg mL?1, significantly reduced cell viability, whereas the effects of dexmedetomidine were evident only at 0.175 mg mL?1 and 0.25 mg mL?1. The highest concentrations of xylazine (25 mg mL?1) and dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg mL?1) caused loss of membrane integrity. Cell morphology and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated signs of late apoptosis in xylazine-treated cells, and signs of late apoptosis and necrosis in dexmedetomidine-treated cells.Conclusions and clinical relevance
This study offers new insights into the potential chondrotoxicity induced by dexmedetomidine and xylazine. Therefore, the intra-articular administration of α2-agonists should be conducted with care, especially for doses of ≥ 4 mg mL?1 of xylazine and 0.175 mg mL?1 and 0.25 mg mL?1 of dexmedetomidine. 相似文献7.
《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2022,49(3):304-307
ObjectiveTo determine the effective dosage of the combination tiletamine–zolazepam–ketamine–xylazine (TKX), with or without methadone, in dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, experimental study.AnimalsA total of 29 dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly administered TKX (group TKX, n = 13) or combined with 0.3 mg kg–1 of methadone (group TKXM, n = 16) intramuscularly. The TKX solution contained tiletamine (50 mg mL–1), zolazepam (50 mg mL–1), ketamine (80 mg mL–1) and xylazine (20 mg mL–1). The effective dosages for immobility in 50% and 95% of the population (ED50 and ED95) were estimated using the up-and-down method. Approximately 20 minutes after drug administration, a skin incision was performed and the response was judged as positive or negative if the dogs moved or did not move, respectively. The TKX volume for the subsequent dog in the same group was increased or decreased by 0.005 mL kg–1 if the response of the previous dog was positive or negative, respectively. Heart and respiratory rates, and sedation/anesthesia scores (range 0–21) were recorded before and 15 minutes after drug administration.ResultsEstimated ED50 and ED95 (95% confidence intervals) were: TKX, 0.025 (0.020–0.029) and 0.026 (0.010–0.042) mL kg–1; TKXM, 0.022 (0.018–0.025) and 0.033 (0.017–0.049) mL kg–1. Median (interquartile range) scores for sedation/anesthesia were 17 (16–18) and 17 (15–20), and times until lateral recumbency were 5 (4–6) and 6 (4–10) minutes in TKX and TKXM, respectively (p > 0.05). In both groups heart and respiratory rates decreased, but values remained acceptable for anesthetized dogs.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe results provide a guide for volumes of TKX and TKXM in dogs requiring restraint for minimally invasive procedures. Inclusion of methadone in the TKX combination did not influence ED50. 相似文献
8.
Tanya Duke-Novakovski Carolina Palacios Jimenez Masako Fujiyama Shannon G. Beazley 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(1):17-25
ObjectiveVarious drugs administered to horses undergoing surgical procedures can release histamine. Histamine concentrations were evaluated in horses prepared for surgery and administered butorphanol or morphine intraoperative infusions.Study designProspective studies with one randomized.AnimalsA total of 44 client-owned horses.MethodsIn one study, anesthesia was induced with xylazine followed by ketamine–diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with guaifenesin–xylazine–ketamine (GXK) during surgical preparation. For surgery, isoflurane was administered with intravenous (IV) morphine (group M: 0.15 mg kg–1 and 0.1 mg kg–1 hour–1; 15 horses) or butorphanol (group B: 0.05 mg kg–1 and 0.01 mg kg–1 hour–1; 15 horses). Histamine and morphine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay before opioid injection (time 0), and after 1, 2, 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. In a subsequent study, plasma histamine concentrations were measured in 14 horses before drug administration (baseline), 15 minutes after IV sodium penicillin and 15 minutes after starting GXK IV infusion. Statistical comparison was performed using anova for repeated measures. Pearson correlation compared morphine and histamine concentrations. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Significance was assumed when p ≤ 0.05.ResultsWith histamine, differences occurred between baseline (3.2 ± 2.4 ng mL–1) and GXK (5.2 ± 7.1 ng mL–1) and between baseline and time 0 in group B (11.9 ± 13.4 ng mL–1) and group M (11.1 ± 12.4 ng mL–1). No differences occurred between baseline and after penicillin or between groups M and B. Morphine concentrations were higher at 1 minute following injection (8.1 ± 5.1 ng mL–1) than at 30 minutes (4.9 ± 3.1 ng mL–1) and 60 minutes (4.0 ± 2.5 ng mL–1). Histamine correlated with morphine at 2, 30 and 60 minutes.Conclusions and clinical relevanceGXK increased histamine concentration, but concentrations were similar with morphine and butorphanol. 相似文献
9.
Shayne P. Bisetto Adriano B. Carregaro André E.S. Nicolai Thais F. Bressan William P. Leal Nathalia V. Xavier Diego F. Leal André F.C. Andrade 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):594-599
Objective
To evaluate the effect of hyaluronidase on uptake, duration and speed of elimination of xylazine–tiletamine–zolazepam administered in the subcutaneous fat over the dorsal lumbar region of swine.Study design
Blinded, randomized, crossover study.Animals
Six healthy Landrace/Large White pigs weighing 132 ± 24 kg (mean ± standard deviation).Methods
Animals were administered xylazine (1 mg kg?1) and tiletamine–zolazepam (8 mg kg?1) (control treatment, CON), or xylazine–tiletamine–zolazepam at the same doses with hyaluronidase (400 IU) (treatment HYA). The treatments were administered into the dorsal lumbar adipose tissue, 2.5–3.0 cm laterally from the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra. The latency, anesthesia and recovery periods were measured. Heart rate, noninvasive systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and rectal temperature were recorded every 10 minutes for up to 50 minutes.Results
One animal in CON and one animal in HYA were responsive to stimulation and did not allow safe handling. No significant difference was found between treatments for latency (CON 11.3 ± 5.9 minutes, HYA 7.4 ± 5.1 minutes) and anesthesia (CON 53 ± 53 minutes, HYA 49 ± 38 minutes) periods. Recovery period was shorter in HYA (9 ± 6 minutes) than in CON (32 ± 16 minutes) (p < 0.05). Physiological variables were not significantly changed over time and were within accepted normal clinical limits for the species in both treatments.Conclusion and clinical relevance
Hyaluronidase (400 IU) administered into adipose tissue in pigs did not reduce the latency and duration of dissociative anesthesia, but was associated with faster recovery. 相似文献10.
《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(5):716-724
ObjectiveTo compare effects of intravenous (IV) alfaxalone with ketamine–xylazine combination on anaesthetic induction, recovery and cardiopulmonary variables in mute swans.Study designRandomized, controlled, clinical study.AnimalsA group of 58 mute swans.MethodsSwans were given either alfaxalone (10 mg kg–1; group A) or a combination of ketamine (12.5 mg kg–1) and xylazine (0.28 mg kg–1) (group KX) IV. Heart and respiratory rates, end-tidal carbon dioxide and peripheral haemoglobin oxygen saturation were recorded at 5 minute intervals during anaesthesia. Time from anaesthetic induction to intubation, from cessation of isoflurane to extubation, to lifting head, sternal recumbency and absence of head/neck ataxia were recorded. Anaesthetic and recovery quality were scored (1 = very poor; 5 = excellent). Data are presented as median (interquartile range). Significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsIn group A, 44% (12/27) of swans required mechanical ventilation for 2–14 minutes versus 3.2% (1/31) of swans in group KX (p = 0.0002). Heart rate was higher in group A than in group KX [146 (127–168) versus 65.5 (56–78) beats minute–1, respectively; p < 0.0001]. The isoflurane concentration required to maintain anaesthesia was higher in group A than in group KX [2.5% (2.0–3.0%) versus 1.5% (1.0–2.0%), respectively; p = 0.0001]. Time from cessation of isoflurane administration to lifting head was significantly longer in group A than in group KX [12 (9–17) versus 6 (4–7.75) minutes, respectively; p < 0.0001]. Anaesthesia quality scores were significantly better in group KX than in group A [4 (4–5) versus 4 (3–4), respectively; p = 0.0011], as were recovery scores [4 (3–5) versus 2 (2–3), respectively; p = 0.0005].Conclusions and clinical relevanceAlfaxalone is a suitable anaesthetic induction agent for use in mute swans. There is a greater incidence of postinduction apnoea and a higher incidence of agitation on recovery with alfaxalone than with ketamine–xylazine. 相似文献
11.
José de la Fuente Katherine M. Kocan Edmour F. Blouin Zorica Zivkovic Victoria Naranjo Consuelo Almazán Eliane Esteves Frans Jongejan Sirlei Daffre Atilio J. Mangold 《Veterinary parasitology》2010,167(2-4):175-186
The genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) includes several tick-transmitted pathogens that impact veterinary and human health. Tick-borne pathogens cycle between tick vectors and vertebrate hosts and their interaction is mediated by molecular mechanisms at the tick–pathogen interface. These mechanisms have evolved characteristics that involve traits from both the tick vector and the pathogen to insure their mutual survival. Herein, we review the information obtained from functional genomics and genetic studies to characterize the tick–Anaplasma interface and evolution of A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum. Anaplasma and tick genes and proteins involved in tick–pathogen interactions were characterized. The results of these studies demonstrated that common and Anaplasma species-specific molecular mechanism occur by which pathogen and tick cell gene expression mediates or limits Anaplasma developmental cycle and trafficking through ticks. These results have advanced our understanding of the biology of tick–Anaplasma interactions and have opened new avenues for the development of improved methods for the control of tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. 相似文献
12.
Ali Anwar Ahmad Guillaume Douay Mary-Ruth Low Suria Fabbri Hui Cheng Chen 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(3):380-387
ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine (BAM) and butorphanol–midazolam–medetomidine (BMM) protocols for immobilization of wild common palm civets (Paradoxurus musangus) with subsequent antagonization with atipamezole.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded clinical trial.AnimalsA total of 40 adult wild common palm civets, 24 female and 16 male, weighing 1.5–3.4 kg.MethodsThe civets were randomly assigned for anesthesia with butorphanol, azaperone and medetomidine (0.6, 0.6 and 0.2 mg kg–1, respectively; group BAM) or with butorphanol, midazolam and medetomidine (0.3, 0.4 and 0.1 mg kg–1, respectively; group BMM) intramuscularly (IM) in a squeeze cage. When adequately relaxed, the trachea was intubated for oxygen administration. Physiological variables were recorded every 5 minutes after intubation. Following morphometric measurements, sampling, microchipping and parasite treatment, medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole at 1.0 or 0.5 mg kg–1 IM to groups BAM and BMM, respectively. Physiological variables and times to reach the different stages of anesthesia were compared between groups.ResultsOnset time of sedation and recumbency was similar in both groups; time to achieve complete relaxation and tracheal intubation was longer in group BAM. Supplementation with isoflurane was required to enable intubation in five civets in group BAM and one civet in group BMM. All civets in group BAM required topical lidocaine to facilitate intubation. End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure was lower in group BAM, but heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation and mean arterial blood pressure were not different. All civets in both groups recovered well following administration of atipamezole.Conclusions and clinical relevanceBoth BAM and BMM combinations were effective for immobilizing wild common palm civets. The BMM combination had the advantage of producing complete relaxation that allowed intubation more rapidly. 相似文献
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Hong-Xiu Diao Shuai Zhang Xue-Yuan Hu Wei Guan Li Luan Hai-Yu Liu Hong-Gang Fan 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):114-120
Objective
To evaluate the behavior and some cardiopulmonary variables of dexmedetomidine–midazolam or dexmedetomidine–midazolam-butor-phanol in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes).Study design
Blinded, randomized design.Animals
Sixteen adult silver foxes, aged 7–9 months, weighting 6.0–9.2 kg.Methods
Animals were randomly assigned to dexmedetomidine (50 μg kg?1) and midazolam (0.45 mg kg?1) (group DM) or to dexmedetomidine (30 μg kg?1), midazolam (0.45 mg kg?1) and butorphanol (0.25 mg kg?1) (group DMB), administered intramuscularly. Pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (fR), noninvasive arterial pressures, oxygen saturation (SpO2), rectal temperature (T) and behavioral scores (posture, sedation, antinociception, jaw relaxation and auditory response) were measured at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes after injection. Time from drug injection to recumbency with no response to stimuli (IT) and time from administration of atipamezole (0.2 mg kg?1) to standing with coordination (RT) were recorded. The occurrences of adverse events were recorded. Data were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired t-tests and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Significant differences were accepted at p<0.05.Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for IT or RT. Arterial pressures were higher in DMB at each time point except at 5 minutes. PR was lower in DM at each time point except at 10 and 60 minutes. No significant difference was found between the groups for fR, SpO2 and T. The behavioral scores were significantly lower (lower quality immobilization) in DMB at 5,10 and 60 minutes.Conclusions and clinical relevance
IT and RT were not different between the groups. Both protocols provided immobilization for 30–40 minutes with excellent muscle relaxation and analgesia adequate for clinical examinations and some simple surgical procedures. 相似文献14.
Singh K Kinjavdekar P Amarpal Aithal HP Gopinathan A Singh GR Pawde AM Pratap K 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(2):133-142
Xylazine–ketamine combination was evaluated for its efficacy and safety after epidural administration in uraemic and healthy
goats. The combination (xylazine 0.025 mg/kg and ketamine 2.5 mg/kg) was administered to uraemic (n = 6) and healthy (n = 6) animals in the lumbosacral epidural space. The combination was evaluated in terms of clinical, physiological, haematological
and biochemical parameters. The onset of analgesia was faster in healthy animals than in uraemic animals. Xylazine and ketamine
produced complete analgesia of tail, perineum, inguinal and thigh regions in all animals of both groups. However, healthy
animals showed longer duration of complete analgesia than did uraemic animals. Greater ataxia was recorded in healthy animals
than in uraemic animals. The heart rate showed a significant decrease in both groups; however, respiratory rate and rectal
temperature did not show any significant changes. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total leukocyte count decreased non-significantly
in both groups. Total leukocyte count was significantly higher in uraemic animals. A significantly higher value of urea nitrogen
and creatinine was recorded in uraemic animals. The blood electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl−) and blood gases (P
o
2 and P
co
2) did not show any significant changes in both groups; however, base excess was significantly higher in uraemic animals. The
effects produced by the combination on different systems were transient and values normal as the effect of the drugs wore
off. The results suggest that the combination when used epidurally in uraemic goats produced effective and safe surgical analgesia. 相似文献
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Hagos Ashenafi Abebe Getachew Büscher Philip Goddeeris Bruno M. Claes Filip 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):769-776
This study was conducted from August 2005 to January 2007 to determine prevalence and distribution of dourine in horses and
to investigate the occurrence of clinical and carrier cases in donkeys and mules in the Arsi–Bale highlands. Study methodology
was based on questionnaire, serological, clinical and parasitological survey. The questionnaire indicated that dourine is
a major health problem of equines in the Arsi–Bale highlands. Though dourine is commonly observed throughout the year, it
has a seasonal character and occurs mostly during the breeding season from June to late September. Serological screening of
646 horses showed a seroprevalence of 184 (28%), 161 (25%) and 125 (19%) for card agglutination test for trypanosomosis, LATEX
and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Risk factors were parity number, previous history of abortion and body
condition score. No trypanosomes could be detected by Giemsa staining or by haematocrit centrifugation technique. Ten puppies
inoculated with blood samples, genital washes and oedematous fluids remained parasitologically negative. Different characteristic
signs of dourine were observed. During the genital stage, mares showed vaginal oedema, discharge and presence of depigmented
scars over the external genitalia. In stallions, oedema of the scrotum and prepuce, prepucial and urethral discharge, and
ulceration of the genital mucosae mainly of the penile were observed. In both sexes, lameness in one or both legs, partial
dragging and stiffness of the hind legs and incoordination were the dominant signs observed as nervous form of the disease. 相似文献
16.
Mummed YY 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):785-790
Daily milk yield of Ogaden cattle was estimated from milk suckled by 269 calves born and maintained between 1994 and 2004
at Haramaya University Beef Farm, Ethiopia. The weigh–suckle–weigh method and the growth of calves were used to estimate the
yield. Mean predicted daily milk yield of the breed based on the weigh–suckle–weigh method was 4.39 ± 0.03 kg day−1. Daily milk yield estimated from the growth of calves up to 3 months of age was 4.59 ± 1.43 kg day−1. The milk yield was significantly affected by seasons of calving (p < 0.001), parities of the dams (p < 0.05), weeks of lactation (p < 0.001) and birth weights of calves (p < 0.05). A relatively higher milk yield was observed from cows calved during the long rain season. A higher milk yield was
produced by cows in fifth parity. Heavier calves at birth suckled more milk than lighter calves. Daily milk yield was significantly
higher in 3–6 weeks of lactation. The result of this study indicated that the milk yield produced by Ogaden breed was relatively
higher than the yield of some Zebu breed measured by partial suckling system in Ethiopia and was comparable to the yield from
Zebu cattle in the tropics estimated by the same method. 相似文献
17.
Ahamad Syed Rizwan Yaqoob Syed Hilal Khan Altaf Shakeel Faiyaz 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2447-2454
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of present study was to determine metabolite profile and inorganic elements of camel follicular fluids (FF) using “gas... 相似文献
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《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3):215-220
Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum)–ryegrass (Lolium spp.) cultivated pastures form the base for dairy production in the southern Cape region of South Africa. The impact of various methods and implements used to over-sow ryegrass on the productivity and botanical composition of the pasture is unknown. The study aimed to assess the impact of cultivation along a soil disturbance gradient on the productivity and botanical composition of kikuyu-based pastures. Five tillage treatments were assessed, namely kikuyu over-sown with ryegrass using a minimum till planter, eradication of kikuyu with herbicide and ryegrass sown with a minimum-till planter, shallow (<150 mm) and deep (>150 mm) disturbance with a rotavator or conventional tillage, respectively, and a control. The autumn, spring, summer and annual productions of treatments with the least soil disturbance were the highest (P ≤ 0.05). Shallow or deep tillage resulted in intermediate annual productions and the lowest (P ≤ 0.05) was recorded for the herbicide treatment. Differences in production caused by different tillage methods were significant (P ≤ 0.05) and changed the botanical composition. Kikuyu over-sown with ryegrass using a mulcher and minimum-till planter was the most viable option to manage cultivated pastures. 相似文献
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PJ Collins Emily Mulherin Olivia Cashman Grainne Lennon Lynda Gunn Helen O’Shea Séamus Fanning 《Irish veterinary journal》2014,67(1):13