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1.
Masoud Shahram Robin A.J. Nicholas Roger J. Miles Ann P. Wood Donovan P. Kelly 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(3):364-366
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (LC) type is a pathogen of goats causing contagious agalactia and respiratory disease, found on all continents where small ruminants are kept. It shares close genetic characteristics with M. mycoides subsp. capri. Substrate oxidation by 22 strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC from nine countries was compared with that of eight strains of M. mycoides subsp. capri from five countries. There was considerable similarity in the substrates used, but substrate saturation coefficients (Ks) varied for different substrates. Substrate utilization patterns and Ks values did not (1) significantly differentiate the LC strains from each other, (2) show any correlation with geographical origin, or (3) distinguish the LC strains from the capri strains. These results support previous studies justifying the reclassification of these subspecies as a single species. 相似文献
2.
A study to estimate the seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pluropneumonia (CCPP) in southern Ethiopia was conducted from November 2005 to June 2006. Two districts from sedentary (Arbaminch and Boreda)
and pastoral (Hammar and Bena-Tsemay) production systems were included in the study. Sera samples were collected from 913
goats (234 from sedentary and 679 from pastoral) to check for CCPP serostatus. The animals were sampled from 155 flocks (44
pastoral and 111 sedentary). Five clinically suspected CCPP cases were also sacrificed and attempt was made to isolate Mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae (MccP) from lung tissue, nasal swab and plural exudates. Sera samples were tested for the presence of CCPP antibodies using CFT.
The overall seroprevalence recorded in the study was 18.61%. The corresponding seroprevalences for sedentary and pastoral
production systems were 27.78% and 15.46% respectively. Regarding districts, the prevalence in Hammar was 15.63% while that
of Bena-Tsemay 15.29%. In Arbaminch and Boreda the percent of seroreactors were 23.01 and 32.23% respectively. Out of 44 pastoral
and 111 sedentary flocks, 50.45% of pastoral and 65.91% of sedentary flocks had at least one seroreactor goat per flock respectively.
Both in the univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, seropositivity was found to have strong association
with sedentary production system (P < 0.05, OR = 2.24) and adult age (P < 0.05, OR = 1.77). In microbiological study, two
broth cultures from thoracic fluid and two broth cultures from lung tissue samples were found to be positive for Mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae (MccP). In conclusion, both the serological study and bacteriological isolation confirmed the disease CCPP being an important disease
that demands serious attention in both production systems. 相似文献
3.
Megersa B Biffa D Abunna F Regassa A Godfroid J Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):651-656
The involvement of Brucella infection in causing abortion was investigated in a breeding female subpopulation of 283 cattle, 756 camels, and 757 goats.
Serum samples were serially tested using the Rose Bengal test and complement fixation test. The study showed that anti-Brucella antibodies were prevalent in 10.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.4, 14.9), 2.2% (95%CI, 1.4, 3.7), and 1.9% (95%CI, 1.1,
3.2) of cattle, camel, and goats, respectively. Abortion was more commonly reported in camels (23.4%) than cattle (13.8%)
and goats (12.4%). The results of this study suggested that Brucella infections contribute significantly to abortion in cattle (odds ratio (OR), = 4.7; 95%CI, 2.0, 10.8) and goats (OR = 6.9;
95%CI, 2.2, 21.7) but not in camels. The number of young animals produced by breeding females seems to be apparently reduced
in seropositive groups. Keeping more than two animal species at household level was found to be the risk factor for cattle
(OR = 3.1; 95%CI, 1.2, 7.9) and camel (OR = 5.3; 95%CI, 1.2–23.5) seropositivity to Brucella infection when compared to those animals from households that keep only two animal species. This may suggest a possibility
of cross species transmission of Brucella infection under such mixed herding. Wet season (OR = 4.8; 95%CI, 1.3, 18.1) was found to be associated with seropositivity
in goats, linked to a coincidence of increased deliveries in flocks with possible excretion of Brucella organisms. The study results suggest that Brucella infection is the likely cause of abortion in cattle and goats while other causes largely outweigh brucellosis as a cause
of abortion in camels in Borana, hence, contributing to reproductive loss. 相似文献
4.
《Research in veterinary science》2010,88(3):364-366
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (LC) type is a pathogen of goats causing contagious agalactia and respiratory disease, found on all continents where small ruminants are kept. It shares close genetic characteristics with M. mycoides subsp. capri. Substrate oxidation by 22 strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC from nine countries was compared with that of eight strains of M. mycoides subsp. capri from five countries. There was considerable similarity in the substrates used, but substrate saturation coefficients (Ks) varied for different substrates. Substrate utilization patterns and Ks values did not (1) significantly differentiate the LC strains from each other, (2) show any correlation with geographical origin, or (3) distinguish the LC strains from the capri strains. These results support previous studies justifying the reclassification of these subspecies as a single species. 相似文献
5.
Kamani Joshua Mani Aliyu U. Egwu Godwin O. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):793-797
Serum samples were collected from 372 sheep and same number of goats from the three geopolitical zones of Borno state, Nigeria.
The samples were tested for the presences of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of these, 6.7% (25/372) and 4.6% (17/372) of sheep and goats, respectively,
were found to be seropositive to T. gondii antibodies, both far less than the estimated global average of 31%. Results were statistically analyzed by chi-square (χ2) test. The results showed that age, environmental conditions, and farm location are the main determinants of prevalence of
antibodies against T. gondii in the study area. Older animals (>3 years) are significantly more infected than younger animals (between 6 months and 1 year).The
prevalence of anti T. gondii antibodies is significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both sheep and goats sampled from the southern zone than the northern zone. Animals from the southern zones are
about four times more likely to be exposed to T. gondii infection than those in the northern zone, (sheep; odds ratio (OR) = 4.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.177–15.36, P = 0.018), (goats; OR = 4.38, 95% CI = 0.925–20.73, P = 0.04). Farm location in urban area was identified as a risk factor for sheep (OR = 6.06, 95% CI = 2.53–14.54, P = 0.000), and goats (OR = 4.99, 95% CI = 1.59–15.62, P = 0.004). Current data on prevalence of ovine and caprine T. gondii in Borno state are provided by the study as well as identifying the main risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in the area. 相似文献
6.
A study was carried out to estimate the prevalence, larval burden and risk factors of ovine and caprine oestrosis from December
2007 to May 2008 on 554 heads of randomly selected sheep and goat slaughtered at Ambo town, Western Shoa, Ethiopia. The results
show an overall prevalence of 59.9% with infection rate of 69.8% and 47.3% in sheep and goats respectively. No statistically
significant difference in the prevalence was noted with regard to the assumed risk factors like sex, nose color, face color,
horned versus polled, origin, and months (p > 0.05). Sheep were nearly twice more likely to be infected as compared to goats (p = 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.975). Age of the animals was found to be protective (OR = 0.579; 95% confidence interval = 0.393,
0.853; p = 0.006). As compared to very fat animals, poor (p = 0.040, OR = 4.834), medium (p = 0.049, OR = 4.198), and fat (p = 0.022, OR = 5.795) body condition animals are more likely to be infected by Oestrus ovis larvae. Nasal and sinus cavity pathology is positively correlated with the total larval count (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001). Out of a total of 3,770 larvae collected, 57.5% were L1, 30.8% L2, and 11.7% L3 larvae. All the three larval instars
were seen throughout the study months. It is concluded that oestrosis is a common problem in the study area and more prevalent
in sheep than goats, in adult than young, and in animals with poor body condition. 相似文献
7.
Emmanuel Senyael Swai A. Kapaga F. Kivaria D. Tinuga G. Joshua P. Sanka 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):927-936
Despite the widespread prevalence of infection with Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) in goats and sheep industry in
Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, there have been few, if any, structured population-based studies examining the epidemiology of
this infection in Tanzania. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence, and risk factors, of Peste des petitis ruminants(PPR)
in sheep and goat flocks from seven different geographical administration authorities (Ngorongoro, Monduli, Longido, Karatu,
Mbulu, Siha and Simanjiro) located in Northern Tanzania. Serum samples from 657 and 892 sheep and goats, respectively, corresponding
to 91 sheep/goat flocks and 43 villages were collected. Competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) was used to
detect the presence of antibodies in the serum against PPRV. Chi-square analysis and multivariable logistic regression model
were used to identify risk factors for PPRV seropositivity. Findings suggested that the sero-positive cases were significantly
higher in goats than in sheep (49.5% versus 39.8%; P = 0.002). The overall seroprevalence of PPRV infection in small ruminants
was 45.8%. Highest seroprevalence (42.6–88.02%) was observed in Mbulu, Siha, Longido, Ngorongoro districts, while antibodies
less than 40% to none were found in serum from Monduli, Karatu and Simanjiro, respectively. These findings confirm natural
transmission of PPRV under field condition for the first time in Tanzania. Results may be correlated with variations in the
sheep and goat husbandry practices within different geographic localities, the uncontrolled movement of animals, the levels
of natural immunity and the sharing of grazing field amongst agro and pastoralists. 相似文献
8.
Y. Mulugeta Hailu T. Yacob Hagos Ashenafi 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1219-1224
A study on ectoparasites of small ruminants in three selected agro-ecological sites of Tigray Region, Ethiopia disclosed an
overall prevalence of 55.5% and 58% in each examined 750 sheep and goats, respectively. In the sheep population, Melophagus ovinus (19.1%), tick infestations (16%), Damalinia ovis (15.3%), Linognathus africanus (11.5%), and Ctenocephalides felis (9%) were the major ectoparasites. The major ectoparasites identified in goats were tick infestations (29.7%), L. africanus (27.9%), Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae (12.5%), C. felis (11.1%), and Demodex caprae (6.8%). In sheep, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in the prevalence of Damalinia ovis, M. ovinus, L. africanus, and ticks between midland and highland. In goats, the risk of Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae infestation in midland (odds ratio (OR) = 17.2, P < 0.001) and lowland (OR = 5.2, P < 0.001) was 17.2 times and 5.2 times, respectively, higher than the highland. Favorable climatic conditions, backward level
of management, poor level of consciousness and awareness of farmers, and weak animal health extension services are believed
to have contributed for widespread distribution and occurrences of ectoparasites. The growing threat of ectoparasites to small
ruminant production and the tanning industry needs well-coordinated and urgent control intervention. 相似文献
9.
M. Ramzan M. Akhtar F. Muhammad I. Hussain E. Hiszczyńska-Sawicka A. U. Haq M. S. Mahmood M. A. Hafeez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1225-1229
Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii Apicomplexa protozoan, is widespread in humans and other animal species, having already been reported in many countries and
different climates. In Pakistan, no data is available on this aspect among food animals. This study was undertaken to determine
the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats. A total of 200 serum samples from sheep and goats, were collected from urban area of Rahim
Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan and tested for Toxoplasmosis with a commercial latex agglutination kit (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.
Japan). The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis was 19%. Goats had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) prevalence (25.4%)
as compared to the sheep (11.2%); and higher (p < 0.01) in the female (24%) than in the males (19%) for both species. In the
present study the male (both in sheep and goat) are found less seropositive T. gondii (OR = 0.23; 99% C.I. = 0.01, 1.81) as compared to female sheep and goat. The prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.01)
in adult sheep than younger animals. Among both the sheep and goats the group from 1–1.5 years are highly seropositive (OR = 1.75;
99% C.I. = 0.47, 6.51) as compared to the group less than one year of age followed by the 2–2.5 years age group (OR = 1.63;
99% C.I. = 0.50, 5.74) whereas group with more than 3 years of age least seropositive. 相似文献
10.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oestrus ovis</Emphasis> larval myiasis among sheep and goats in Central Oromia,Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence, larval burden, and associated gross pathological lesions of Oestrus ovis in sheep and goats slaughtered at Luna export abattoir in Central Oromia from November 2007 to March 2008. For this purpose,
a total of heads of 431 goats and 369 sheep were thoroughly examined for the presence of first (L1), second (L2), and third
(L3) larval stages according to standard procedures. O. ovis larvae were detected in 349(94.6%) sheep and 381(88.4%) goats. All three larval instars were observed in each study months.
Statistically significant variation (χ
2 = 29.2676, df = 6, P < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of O. ovis among small ruminants of different origins. Likewise, statistically significant (χ
2 = 68.3, df = 4, P < 0.05) difference was recorded in the prevalence of O. ovis in sheep and goats among different study months. The overall monthly prevalence ranged from 77.7% in November to 98.8% in
March. The prevalence of O. ovis in small ruminants of less than 1 year of age was significantly (χ
2 = 8, df = 1, P < 0.05) higher than those with greater than 1 year of age. An overall proportion of 33.8%, 40.1%, and 26.1% were recorded
for L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Whereas 6.8 monthly mean larval burden per individual infested animal was noticed. Out of
the total infested heads in goats, 33.6% had catarrhal discharges, 16.8% purulent exudates, 64.83% rhinitis, 68.77% sinusitis,
14.2% pharyngitis, and 9.2% bloody exudates. Similarly, of the total infested heads of sheep, 18.9% purulent exudates, 80.8%
rhinitis, 71.9% sinusitis, 13.5% pharyngitis, and 7.7% bloody exudates gross lesions were recorded. 相似文献
11.
F. Abunna D. Kasasa B. Shelima B. Megersa A. Regassa K. Amenu 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(6):969-972
A survey was conducted to identify tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation in small ruminants of Miesso
District, West Harergie Zone. Collection and identification of the ticks were undertaken from November 2007 to April 2008.
All visible individual adult ticks were collected from the body of 328 goats and 40 sheep. The prevalence of tick infestation
in goats and sheep was found to be 89.9% and 87.5%, respectively. In this study, ten species of ticks which grouped under
four genera were identified. The most abundant species found in this study were Boophilus decoloratus (60%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (25.1%), and Amblyomma gemma (11%). Hyalomma dromedarii was the minor species observed on goats. The difference in the prevalence of tick infestation between sheep and goats was
not statistically significant (Χ
2
= 0.22, p = 0.63) but found to be statistically significant between male and females (Χ
2
= 9.8, p = 0.003). Attention should be given to the control and prevention of ticks, since they cause sever damage to the skins of
small ruminants and thereby reduce the foreign exchange of the country; they also transmit some diseases which can cause sever
loss to the productivity of these animals. 相似文献
12.
Risk factors associated with Mycoplasma agalactiae infection of small ruminants in northern Jordan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Serological detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae was carried out in 104 small ruminants flocks consisting of 18 sheep, 27 goat and 59 flocks containing both sheep and goats in northern Jordan between 2002 and 2003. At least 5 serum samples per flock were tested using an indirect ELISA for antibodies to M. agalactiae. To increase the chances of detecting this mycoplasma, sick or older animals were sampled. A high seropositivity to M. agalactiae was found in small ruminants suggesting a major role for M. agalactiae in contagious agalactia in northern Jordan. There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence of M. agalactiae in sheep and goats at flock level (X(2)=0.14, d.f.=1, p=0.7). A total of 31 variables including production and health management practices were tested as risk factors for seropositive flocks and analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Increasing risk factors for M. agalactiae seropositive flocks were: using outsider rams, improper cleaning of the milking utensils and separating young from dam, with odds ratios of 5, 3, 4.2, respectively; having mastitis problems in the flock was negatively associated (p=0.04) with M. agalactiae seropositivity. Educating small ruminant farmers to avoid the use of outsider rams, ensuring adequate cleaning of milking utensils and separating the young from dams would enhance the health of small ruminants. 相似文献
13.
Suepaul SM Carrington CV Campbell M Borde G Adesiyun AA 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):367-375
A study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis and infecting serovars across livestock (cattle, sheep,
goats, and pigs) in Trinidad using the microscopic agglutination test with an international panel of 23 serovars. Of a total
of 590 cattle tested, 21.5% were seropositive with agglutinations to 13 of the 23 antigens used in the panel. Icterohaemorrhagiae
(9.3%), Sejroe (4.1%), Ballum (4.1%), and Autumnalis (1.9%) were the predominant serogroups detected in the cattle sampled
(n = 590). Of 222 sheep tested, 5.0% were seropositive with agglutinations to five serovars belonging to two serogroups. These
serogroups were Autumnalis at 2.7%, and Icterohaemorrhagiae at 2.3% of all sheep tested (n = 222). Of a total of 180 goats tested, 3.3% were seropositive, all agglutinating to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup, 1.7%
to serovar Copenhageni, 1.1% to serovar Mankarso, and 0.6% to serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae. Among pigs (n = 200), 5.0% were seropositive for five serovars belonging to three serogroups. These serogroups were Icterohaemorrhagiae
at 2.5%, Australis at 2%, and Ballum at 0.5%. Overall, age and sex of animals were not significantly associated with leptospirosis
with the exception of cattle where age was a significant factor for seropositivity. It was concluded that for livestock, leptospirosis
may be an important zoonotic and economic disease, particularly in the case of cattle. It is imperative that the impact of
leptospirosis on abortion, stillbirths, and decreased milk production in livestock in the country be assessed. 相似文献
14.
Abu-Dalbouh MA Ababneh MM Giadinis ND Lafi SQ 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):49-54
Two hundred and fifty-five biological samples (106 aborted foetal tissue samples and 149 blood samples from aborted sheep
and goats) were collected from 188 animals during the lambing season from September 2009 to April 2010 from the Mafraq region
of Jordan. The sampled animals belonged to 93 goat and sheep flocks that had cases of abortion. A total of 169 (66.3%) biological
samples were collected from sheep and 86 (33.7%) from goats. Seventy-six (29.8%) biological samples (45 blood and 31 tissue
samples) were positive for Toxoplasma gondii by PCR assay. The positive samples were obtained from 43 sheep and 23 goats. The overall toxoplasma-specific prevalence rate
was 35.1% (66/188). Forty flocks (43%) had at least one T. gondii PCR-positive animal. The risk factors related to flock health status and farm management that are hypothesized to be associated
with T. gondii PCR positivity were also assessed using multiple logistic regressions. The presence of cats (OR = 4.74), a large flock size
(OR = 2.76) and the method of disposing the aborted foetuses (OR = 3.77) were all statistically significant (P < 0.05) risk factors that were positively associated with toxoplasma positivity in goat and sheep flocks. 相似文献
15.
Hadush B Eshetu L Mengistu W Hailesilassie M 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(5):803-806
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia in three districts
of Tigray and Afar regions of Ethiopia namely; Kefta Humera, Alamata and Aba-‘alla. Proportions and chi-square test statistics
were used to analyze the data. From a total of 863 goats and 137 sheep tested, 282 (32.68%) and 25 (18.25%) were positive
for antibodies of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae respectively using complement fixation test (CFT). The seroprevalence of CCPP in goats among the three districts was statistically
significant (x2 = 76.00, p < 0.001). In this study there was no statistical significant variation in the seroprevalence of CCPP in both sexes
(x2 = 3.619, p = 0.0571) and age (x2 = 0.990, p = 0.095) groups. The finding of high seroprevalence of CCPP in sheep (18.25%) could indicate that sheep are potential
carriers of Mccp. 相似文献
16.
Gastrointestinal nematode infections in small ruminants under the traditional husbandry system during the dry season in southern Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rahmeto Abebe Mebrahtu Gebreyohannes Solomon Mekuria Fufa Abunna Alemayehu Regassa 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1111-1117
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2008 to February 2009 to investigate the prevalence and intensity of infection
and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in small ruminants kept under the traditional husbandry system in two
districts in southern Ethiopia. Faecal samples collected from a total of 510 small ruminants (284 sheep and 226 goats) and
analysed by a modified McMaster technique revealed that 222 animals (43.5%) were found to be infected with one or more GI
nematodes. Five identical genera of nematodes were found in both sheep and goats, which in order of predominance were Haemonchus (56.3%), Trichostrongylus (39.6%), Oesophagostomum (22.9%), Trichuris (21.6%) and Bunostomum (10.4%). No significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed between sheep and goats proportions except for Trichuris (p < 0.05). In both sheep and goats, most of the animals were heavily infected showing faecal egg counts (FECs) above 1,200 epg.
Sheep had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean FEC than goats. In sheep and goats, both the prevalence of GI nematodes and mean FEC were significantly
(p < 0.001) associated with body condition score and faecal consistency but not with district, sex and age (p > 0.05 for each factor). In conclusion, the observation of a strong association of GI nematodes with poor body condition
coupled with heavy intensity of infection in the majority of infected animals and an abundance of nematode genera of widespread
economic and pathological significance warrants the institution of appropriate control measures that should necessarily include
improvement of the nutritional status of the animals. 相似文献
17.
Occurrence of mastitis and associated risk factors in lactating goats under pastoral management in Borana,Southern Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Bekele Megersa Chala Tadesse Fufa Abunna Alemayehu Regassa Berhanu Mekibib Etana Debela 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1249-1255
Mastitis prevalence and related risk factors were studied in 1,072 udder halves of 536 lactating goats from October, 2008
to February, 2009. Clinical and subclinical mastitis were prevalent in 4.3% (95% CI = 2.8, 6.5) and 11.2% (95% CI = 8.7, 14.3)
of the studied animals, respectively, resulting in an overall prevalence of 15.5% (95% CI = 12.6, 18.9). Univariate analysis
of the potential risk factors has depicted that mastitis was more prevalent in does with previous mastitis history, increased
parity, poor body conditions, increased milk production, late lactation stage, long teat, and housed goats. Furthermore, prevalence
was significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the wet period of October to November than the dry periods of January to February. No significant variations
(p > 0.05) were observed in mastitis prevalence with udder tick infestation, mixing goat with sheep and flock size. With multivariable
analysis, lactation stage, teat length, body condition, and season (wet months) have showed significant association with mastitis
prevalence, and these factors maintained significant in the stepwise elimination of multivariable logistic regression model.
As a result, does in late stage of lactation (OR = 4.3, 1.8, 10.4), poor body condition (OR = 5.0, 1.7, 10.0), long teats
(OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1, 4.2) and does examined in wet period were at higher risk of udder infections than early lactation,
good body condition, short teat, and examined in dry period, respectively. The study showed occurrence of mastitis and associated
risk factors in studied goats, which suggests the need for control intervention. Further investigations into pathogens involved
in goat mastitis will optimize our knowledge of causative agents and control interventions. 相似文献
18.
E. S. Swai W. Moshy P. F. Mtui S. Bwanga G. Machange P. Sanka 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(6):959-967
Sera from 497 sheep and 555 goats collected in a cross sectional study from different geographical locations in north-eastern
Tanzania were examined for antibodies to Ehrlichia ruminantium using MAP 1-B ELISA technique. E. ruminantium antibodies were found in 68.6% (341/497) of sheep and 64.7% (359/555) of goats. Overall seroprevalence was 66.5% (700/1052).
Infection rates were higher in sheep than goats (P < 0.05), in pastoral than in agro-pastoral production systems (P < 0.05)
and in female sheep than males (P < 0.05). (131/143) 91.6% of the farms/flocks tested revealed sero-positive animals. E.ruminantium infections were found in all the geographical villages and districts tested. The infection rates per administrative district
varied from 36.4% (Muheza) to 90% (Mkinga) in goats and from 11.9% (Muheza) to 94.6% (Mkinga) in sheep. The results shows
E. ruminantium infection was prevalent and widely but unevenly distributed throughout the eight districts under study. These findings should
be taken into consideration when future disease control and livestock upgrading programs are implemented. 相似文献
19.
J. H. Urdaz-Rodríguez G. T. Fosgate A. R. Alleman D. O. Rae G. A. Donovan P. Melendez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1439-1448
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine individual cow seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale in adult lactating dairy cattle of Puerto Rico (PR) and to assess the associations of farm management factors on herd seroprevalence.
Antibody activity against A. marginale was determined using the MSP-5 competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples were obtained from 2,414 adult
lactating dairy cattle from 76 randomly selected commercial dairy farms. Herd seroprevalence ranged from 3 to 100% with an
overall individual cow seroprevalence for A. marginale of 27.4%. Factors associated with high herd seropositivity were pasture grazing as the main feed source (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.2–34),
observed monkeys on the premises (OR = 13, 95% CI = 1.2–138), use of 11% permethrin (OR = 17, 95% CI = 2.2–129), farmers who
attended an acaricide certification program (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.04–0.74), and lack of a fly control program (OR = 5.6,
95% CI = 1.3–24). 相似文献
20.
J. H. Urdaz-Rodríguez G. T. Fosgate S. D. Waghela A. R. Alleman D. O. Rae G. A. Donovan P. Melendez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1465-1473
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine individual cow seroprevalence of Babesia bovis in adult lactating dairy cattle of Puerto Rico (PR), to assess the associations of farm management factors on herd seroprevalence,
and to document the species of ticks infesting cattle within these farms. Antibody activity against B. bovis was determined using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Serum samples were obtained from 2,414 adult lactating
dairy cattle from 76 randomly selected commercial dairy farms. Herd seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 51% with an overall individual
cow seroprevalence for B. bovis of 26%. Ticks were collected from animals on 7 (9%) of the 76 participating commercial dairy farms. All collected ticks (n = 87)
were Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Factors associated with high herd seropositivity were dairy farms with calf but not heifer raising facilities (OR = 16, 95%
CI = 3.0-86), having more than 4 neighbors with cattle (OR = 17, 95% CI = 1.6-178), same producer owning more than one farm
(OR = 7.2, 95% CI = 1.6-32), and use of government services to apply amitraz on cattle (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.5-20). 相似文献