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成团泛菌引起的棉花烂铃病对棉花产量因子和品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)引起的棉花烂铃病主要造成棉铃吐絮不畅,棉纤维变色,籽粒干瘪。本试验对感染该病害的不同棉花品种的发病率、绒长、单铃重、衣分以及色泽等指标进行测定,用SAS软件分析,结果显示:所有棉花品种都有烂铃病的发生,平均发病率为20.6%,不同品种间发病有明显的差别。病害对单铃重、衣分、瘪籽率、绒长及色泽的影响主要体现在单铃重平均减轻27.6%、衣分平均降低5.3%和瘪籽率平均增加1.6倍、绒长平均缩短1.6mm及平均颜色加深2.0%。由成团泛菌引起的这种细菌病害可引起棉花减产高达10%～20%。 相似文献
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黄萎病是由土传病原真菌Verticillium dahliae Kleb。引起的最严重的棉花病害之一,常造成重大的经济损失。本文着重阐述棉花黄萎病的病害流行学,以及病害如何影响棉花的物候、产量和品质。同时提出一个作物综合管理系统(ICMS)设想模型。Frisbie和我对“ 相似文献
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为了明确棉花库源比(铃叶比)变化对红叶茎枯病发生的影响,揭示红叶茎枯病的病因,本研究开展了多项试验。试验结果显示,棉株的病害严重度与其铃叶比呈高度正相关。早熟品种开花期早,铃叶比高,病害发生重;盛蕾期以前的气温对棉花生长和红叶茎枯病发生的作用大于土壤水分的作用。与常温处理相比,提高棉花3叶期至盛蕾期的气温,可促进棉花的营养生长,减小库源比,其发病盛期延后约45 d,病情指数平均减少72.9%,棉花生物学产量平均提高123.8%;去蕾和推迟打顶均可降低棉花铃叶比,减轻病情,以去全蕾处理的作用最为明显;叶面喷施甲哌鎓可提高棉花铃叶比,利于病害发生。因此,铃叶比失调是红叶茎枯病的主要病因;开花期以前棉花代谢源(叶)的生长量决定着病害发生的时间和严重度。 相似文献
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近年来,棉花枯、黄萎病在我省各棉区发生日趋严重,长期成为制约棉花生产的主要障碍因素,很多棉农由于对这两种病害缺乏足够的了解,无法做到综合防治,给生产带来了很大的损失。棉花枯、黄萎病都属于土传性维管束病害, 相似文献
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2012年湖北省棉花主要病虫中等程度发生。棉铃虫主害代江汉平原局部偏重,呈现卵量高、虫量低、危害轻的特点;棉盲蝽发生面积逐年上升,田间以中黑盲蝽为主;苗蚜重于伏蚜;棉叶螨苗期至蕾期主要发生区域为鄂北、鄂东。全省棉花病虫发生面积219.8万hm(2次),其中病害34.0万hm(2次)、虫害185.8万hm(2次)。 相似文献
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棉花苗病是棉花上的主要病害,枝江市自1984年推广普及营养钵育苗移栽技术以来,苗病的发生呈上升趋势,影响了棉花壮苗早发、产量及品质的提高,笔者经过10年的观察,特将结果分析如下. 相似文献
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新疆奇台县近42a气候变化特征分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
根据新疆奇台县气象站的气温及降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及M ann-kendall突变检测法分析了该地区近42年的气候变化。结果表明:年平均气温与极端最低气温均呈上升趋势,而极端最高气温呈下降趋势;年降水量呈上升趋势。从季节变化来看,除夏季平均气温呈下降趋势,其它各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,其中以冬季增幅最大,秋季次之;各季降水均呈上升趋势,其中以夏季增幅最大,冬季次之。年平均气温未发生突变,而年降水量在1984年发生由少向多的突变。对气温和降水的异常分析得出,暖温年多发生在上世纪80年代后,冷温年多发生在上世纪60、70年代;多雨年主要在近20年,少雨年则多在上世纪60、70年代。此外,该县近42 a来增暖幅度小于全疆和北疆;增湿幅度大于全疆,小于北疆。 相似文献
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Cees Waalwijk Pieter Kastelein Ineke de Vries Zoltan Kerényi Theo van der Lee Thamara Hesselink Jürgen Köhl Gert Kema 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):743-754
The re-emergence of fusarium head blight throughout the world and especially in Western Europe prompted a survey of the situation in the Netherlands. To allow for a high throughput screening of large numbers of samples, a diagnostic PCR method was developed to detect the most common species of Fusarium occurring on wheat. Seven primer pairs were tested for their ability to identify isolates of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. proliferatum and Microdochium nivale var. majus and M. nivale var. nivale. Each primer pair only generated a PCR product with the corresponding Fusarium species and all PCR fragments had different molecular sizes. This allowed the generation of these amplicons using a mixture of all seven primer pairs. The robustness of this multiplex PCR encouraged us to screen a large series of isolates collected in 2000 and 2001. In both years 40 fields were sampled leading to a collection of 209 isolates from 2000 and 145 isolates from 2001. The results of the multiplex PCR demonstrated that F. graminearum was the most abundant species in the Fusarium complex on wheat in both years. This is in sharp contrast to reports from the 1980s and early 1990s, which found F. culmorum as the predominant species. Primers derived from the tri7 and tri13 genes, which are implicated in the acetylation and oxygenation of the C-4 atom of the backbone of the trichothecene molecule, were used to discriminate between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol (NIV) producers. The populations of F. culmorum and F. graminearum both showed a slight increase in NIV-producers in 2001. 相似文献
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综述了我国苜蓿主要病害的分布和危害、病原学、发生规律、抗性种质材料的遗传筛选和鉴定及综合防治等方面的主要研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。 相似文献
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弹状病毒含有单链负义RNA基因组,寄主范围比较广泛,能侵染无脊椎动物、脊椎动物以及植物等寄主,对人类的健康、农作物产量和自然生态系统造成严重威胁。植物弹状病毒主要根据复制场所分为细胞质弹状病毒属Cytorhabdovirus和细胞核弹状病毒属Nucleorhabdovirus,其基因组由单股负链RNA组成。此外,Dichorhavirus和Varicosavirus病毒属是两个新鉴定的植物弹状病毒属,其特征是具有二分体基因组。本文着重介绍危害我国农作物的几类植物弹状病毒,对它们的病理学、病害流行、基因组信息以及传播媒介进行概述,为中国植物弹状病毒病害的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Variation in pesticide residues in space and time has not been investigated systematically in spite of the large variability found at single scales (e.g. between trees or orchards). Information on variability at different scales will support the development of sampling methods and more reliable prediction of residues. Experiments were conducted to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in initial spray deposit on apple leaves and fruit using a substitute tracer (zinc EDTA chelate). Five hierarchical spatial scales were defined as (1) between orchards, (2) between plots within an orchard, (3) between trees within a plot, (4) between zones within a tree and (5) between leaves/fruit within a zone. Similarly, two temporal scales were defined as (1) between applications within a single year and (2) between years. The initial zinc concentration was approximately log-normally distributed; the variability in initial deposit concentration was greater on leaves than on fruit. The average initial zinc deposition was significantly greater in the top and outside zones than in the middle zones within individual trees. The most important scale for driving residue variability is the within-zone unit-to-unit variation, contributing to 71 and 49% of the observed variability for leaf and fruit samples respectively. Variability at other scales was related to the variation in the tree architecture. The results indicated that stratified sampling on the basis of within-tree zone structures, with the effort focused on within-zone sampling, should be used for the determination of pesticide residues. 相似文献
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河北省小麦田杂草防治技术进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
小麦是河北省第一大种植作物 ,常年种植面积2 4 6 .7万hm2 左右。随着农民种植水平、农业机械化程度的不断提高 ,麦田杂草成为制约小麦高产的主要障碍之一。全省小麦田杂草的发生面积超过2 13 3万hm2 ,每年因草害造成小麦产量损失 10 %～15 % ,重发田块高达 30 %～ 5 0 %。为了提高杂草的防除水平 ,河北省植物保护总站从 1998年在农业厅立项实施了小麦田杂草无害化治理技术与推广 ,几年来在广大植保技术人员的共同努力下 ,经过大量试验、示范以及组织推广 ,使麦田杂草的除治工作有了较大进步。1 基本摸清了麦田常见杂草种类和群落分布1.1 … 相似文献