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1.
为了解甘肃省玉米制种区线虫的危害,2018年采集张掖市玉米田矮小、早衰的病株及根际土样,分离获得1个胞囊线虫群体。经形态学特征鉴定并结合分子生物学分析,确定该病原为旱稻胞囊线虫(Heterodera elachista)。致病性测定结果表明,该线虫是引起玉米植株矮小、叶片发黄等症状的病原。测定不同温度和玉米根系分泌物、玉米根汁、土壤浸液等孵化液对线虫孵化率的影响及不同温度下初孵幼虫和2龄幼虫的存活状况。结果表明,该胞囊线虫群体孵化适宜温度为28℃。28℃下,2龄幼虫存活时间为22 d;25℃下,存活时间为24 d;5℃下,存活时间为30 d以上,且2龄幼虫死亡率最低。玉米根分泌物、土壤浸液和20倍稀释玉米根汁对旱稻胞囊线虫的孵化促进作用明显,5倍稀释玉米根汁和4 mmol/L氯化锌溶液对线虫孵化有抑制作用。 相似文献
2.
为给燕麦孢囊线虫的综合治理提供理论依据,在室内条件下分析了温度对燕麦孢囊线虫侵入、发育与孢囊形成的影响。结果表明,接种3d后,在18℃下燕麦孢囊线虫侵入数量最多;接种6～9d后,16℃处理的线虫侵入数量明显高于其他温度处理;在12、14℃下线虫侵入数量分别于接种15、12d达到最大值。在16～18、20、22、24℃下线虫完成生活史分别需要34、30、27和18d;在10～12℃下,于2个月后尚未发现雌虫形成。线虫在18～22℃下形成的孢囊数量最多。综合线虫的侵染数量与速度,认为线虫的最适宜侵染温度为16℃,最适宜的发育温度为18～22℃。 相似文献
3.
我国北方地区玉米根寄生线虫的种类鉴定研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
1992～1995年对采自辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古、河北、山东和江苏等省的玉米根寄生线虫进行分类鉴定研究，共鉴定出14属的36种线虫。即：丝尾垫刃线虫属Filenchus1个种；短体线虫属Pratylenchus10个种；拟短体线虫属Pratylenchoides1个种；矮化线虫属TylenchorhyNchus3个种；纽带线虫属Hoplolaimus3个种；螺旋线虫属Helicolylenchus4个种；盘旋线虫属相似文献
4.
抗病基因对大豆孢囊线虫1号生理小种的选择作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在盆栽条件下,强迫大豆孢囊线虫１号生理小种的群体在抗病品种上繁殖１０－１２代,用一套鉴定大豆孢囊线虫生理小种的鉴别品种,重新鉴定经抗病基因选择后的大豆孢囊线虫的生理小 种类型,鉴定２表明：原来为１号生理小种的线虫群体,经在抗病品种Ｐｅｋｉｎｇ和Ｆｒａｎｋｌｉｎ 相似文献
5.
6.
禾谷孢囊线虫致病型的鉴定对于抗性品种的选育和利用非常重要。传统的致病型鉴定工序繁杂,费工费时。本研究共筛选147条随机引物,找到3个燕麦孢囊线虫荥阳群体致病型相关的RAPD标记,其中引物S10扩增出1条780 bp的多态性片段,S43扩增出1条1 300 bp的多态性片段,S112扩增出1条875 bp的多态性片段。这3个RAPD标记只在燕麦孢囊线虫荥阳群体上出现,而在黄淮麦区其他禾谷孢囊线虫群体不同致病型上均没有扩增条带,说明这3个RAPD标记确实是燕麦孢囊线虫荥阳群体致病型相关的分子标记,为下一步将RAPD标记转化为SCAR标记提供了依据,可以用于燕麦孢囊线虫荥阳群体致病型的检测和鉴定。 相似文献
7.
以豫86×豫M1-7构建的RIL群体为作图群体，结合SNP和基因芯片技术对RIL群体进行基因型分析，构建连锁图谱，进行玉米开花期相关性状的QTL鉴定。通过对2年3点玉米开花期相关性状QTL分析，共鉴定到48个开花期性状相关的QTLs，包括18个抽雄期QTLs、16个吐丝期QTLs和14个散粉期QTLs。这些QTLs分别分布在第1、2、3、5、6、7、9、10号染色体上，单个表型贡献率范围在1.67%～20.33%；有一个QTL在3个环境下稳定检测到，3个QTL在2个环境下稳定检测到；有控制吐丝期的qDTS3-1（2018年郑州）和qDTS3-1（2019年郑州）在两个环境下稳定检测到，且贡献率为15.44%和10.12%；一个贡献率达到13.01%的环境性稳定性位点qDTA9-3，可以供分子标记辅助育种选育目标性状。 相似文献
8.
为筛选适宜榆林市种植的机械粒收玉米新品种，2019年在榆林市农业科学研究院试验示范基地选用49个玉米新品种，开展玉米机械粒收品种的比较试验。结果表明，子粒含水率分布范围为15.9%～29.1%，平均为20.2%；破碎率在0.2%～2.73%，均值为1.21%(低于≤5%的国标要求)。子粒破碎率与含水率之间呈极显著正相关，可用二次多项式y=0.006 4x2-0.129 7x+1.159 1(R2=0.703 4，n=55)进行拟合。按双向平均作图法筛选出单产水平高、子粒含水率低的品种7个，分别为五谷563、德单203、华西1804、陕单650、豫龙618、敦玉282、陕单660，其子粒含水率分布范围为16.6%～20.1%，产量为15 489.0～18 387.0 kg/hm2，适合密植栽培和机械粒收。与对照品种先玉335对比，产量高于对照、子粒含水率低于对照的品种为华西1804。此外，JSH3705、五谷416、甘玉251、金穗183等18个品种脱水速率快、单产水平低于平均值，这些品种较适宜机械粒收。 相似文献
9.
为给小麦孢囊线虫综合治理提供一定的理论依据,通过对苏皖鲁豫接壤地区30块田的调查和分析,探讨了这些地区麦田小麦孢囊线虫的发生情况及线虫群体之间亲缘关系。结果表明,采集的30份样品中都能检测到孢囊线虫,孢囊密度为每100g土壤1～80个。进一步对30个小麦孢囊线虫群体的rDNA-ITS区PCR扩增、测序,对其序列进行比较分析发现,30个分离物的核苷酸序列同源性为97.1%～100%,与已报道的中国菌株（AY148382,EU106175）、澳大利亚菌株（AY148395）和俄罗斯菌株（AY148351）群体的进化关系最为接近,且位于进化树的同一个分枝,都属于禾谷孢囊线虫Avenae组。 相似文献
10.
玉米秸秆低温降解菌的分离与鉴定及复配菌降解效果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在15℃下利用纤维素刚果红培养基，采用平板涂布法分离具有明显水解圈的单菌株11株，并根据单菌特性进行有效组配，在液态、固态和模拟环境培养模式下，通过测定滤纸酶活性及玉米秸秆降解率进行复配菌筛选及降解效果评价。组配获得10组复配菌，复配菌A、D、G在15℃条件下培养可分解滤纸，且复配菌的降解能力优于单菌。复配菌在3种培养模式条件下的玉米秸秆降解率总体趋势为模拟环境培养>固体培养≥液体培养，其中复配菌G在模拟环境培养条件下降解效果最优，滤纸酶活性（FPA）为32.96 U/mL，较CK增加20.98 U/mL；秸秆降解率为47.56%，较CK增加21.56%。经16SrDNA分子鉴定，复配菌G由Pseudomonas sp.、Cellulosimicrobiumcellulans、Achromobactermarplatensis、Pseudomonas fuscovaginae组成。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
13.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
14.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
15.
利用高通量测序分析明确玉米黑粉菌菌瘤内菌粉培养液中内生细菌种类，结合16SrDNA分析，分离并鉴定在培养液中占比最高的菌株。以溶菌酶及Amp处理玉米黑粉菌冬孢子为对照，显微镜下观察菌瘤内内生细菌对玉米黑粉菌冬孢子萌发的影响。结果表明，在4份样品的菌粉培养液中，肠杆菌属细菌的占比在90%以上。当肠杆菌大量增殖时对黑粉菌的冬孢子萌发产生影响，可引起黑粉菌的冬孢子发生质壁分离，释放原生质体，部分原生质体再生成菌体；也可以使冬孢子壁直接被降解，原生质体萎缩。研究发现，玉米黑粉菌菌瘤内的内生细菌以肠杆菌为主，该内生细菌对黑粉菌的冬孢子萌发产生影响。 相似文献
16.
Summary Flying aphids were trapped throughout the summer on a vertical net downwind of a plot of PVY-infected potato plants. Of 6769
individuals caught, 165 transmitted PVY to tobacco test seedlings. Of 119 species or species groups caught, 20 were found
to be vectors of which nine had not been recorded previously.Brachycaudus helichrysi, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli andAphis species accounted for 90% of transmissions andB. helichrysi alone for 52% of transmissions. The prospects of using this information to assess the amount of virus spread in a potato
crop and of forecasting the timing and abundance of the main vectors are discussed.
Zusammenfassung Im Abwind einer Parzelle mit PVY-infizierten Kartoffelpflanzen (7% PVYO, 4% PVYN, 89% beide) wurden fliegende Blattl?use in zwei vertikalen Netzen (4,4 m × 1,4 m mit hexagonalen L?chern mit 1,5 mm Durchmesser) gefangen und anschliessend auf Tabaks?mlinge überführt, um zu prüfen, ob sie PVY übertragen. Die Blattl?use wurden vom 8. Juni bis zum 8. August 1984 normalerweise an einem Tag pro Woche von 10 bis 17 Uhr gefangen. Im Laufe von 12 Fangtagen wurden 6769 sachte 52% der übertragungen bei nur 15% der totalen Fangzahl (Tab. 3).B. helichrysi mitMyzus persicae, Phorodon humuli und Species des GenusAphis ergaben sich als 90% der übertragenden Individuen bei nur 32% der gefangenen Proben. Acht Prozent der gefangenenB. helichrysi waren übertr?ger, dagegen nur 4,7% vonM. persicae. B. helichrysi k?nnte als Vektor besonders wichtig sein, weil sie in der Vegetationszeit Blattl?use von 119 Species oder Speciesgruppen gefangen, von denen 165 (2,44%) Tabak mit PVY inokulierten (Tab. 1). 133 Blattl?use übertrugen PVYO und 32 übertrugen PVYN (und m?glicherweise auch PVYO). 20 Species oder Speciesgruppen waren Vektoren, von denen 9 (Cryptomyzus ballotae, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Metopolophium festucae, Myzus ligustri, M. myosotidis, Myzaphis rosarum, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae undUroleucon spp.) erstmalig beschriebene Vektoren sind.Brachycaudus helichrysi verurfrüh auftritt (Tab. 2), wenn die Pflanzen am anf?lligsten sind und die Virus-Translokation zu den Knollen am schnellsten stattfindet. Die Aussichten zum Gebrauch dieser Information zur Absch?tzung des Aufbaues von Virusbefall im Bestand und die Aussichten für eine Vorhersage der Menge der wichtigsten Vektoren werden diskutiert. Es ist dringend erforderlich, die Biologie vonB. helichrysi zu untersuchen.
Résumé Deux filets verticaux (4,40 m × 1,40 m à mailles héxagonales de 1,5 mm de diamètre) sont placés face au vent pour la capture des pucerons dans une parcelle de plants de pommes de terre contaminés par PVY (7% PVYO, 4% PVYN, 89% par les deux) puis les pucerons sont transferrés sur des plantules de tabac en milieu clos pour tester la transmission de PVY. Les captures de pucerons ont eu lieu du 8 juin au 8 ao?t 1984, en général à raison d'un journée par semaine, de 10 heures à 17 heures. Pendant les 12 premiers jours, 6769 pucerons de 119 espèces ou groupes d'espèces ont été capturés, les plantules de tabac ayant été inoculées par PVY avec 165 pucerons (2,44%) (tabl. 1). 133 pucerons étaient vecteurs de PVYO et 32 de PVYN (et probablement PVYO). 20 espèces ou groupes d'espèces étaient des vecteurs dont 9 récemment enregistrés (Cryptomyzus ballotae, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Metopolophium festucae, Myzus ligustri, M. myosotidis, Myzaphis rosarum, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae etUroleucon spp.).Brachycaudus helichrysi représentait 52% des transmissions mais seulement 15% du total capturé (tabl. 3).B. helichrysi, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli et les espèces du gèneAphis représentaient 90% des transmissions et 32% des captures seulement. 8,0% deB. helichrysi capturé a transmis le virus contre, 4,7% pourM. persicae. B. helichrysi peut être particulièrement important comme vecteur dans la mesure ou il appara?t t?t en saison (tabl. 2) lorsque les plantes sont très sensibles et la translocation di virus aux tubercules la plus rapide. Les perspectives à partir de cette connaissance sont discutées en vue d'analyser l'évolution du virus dans une culture et les prévisions de l'abondance des plus importants vecteurs. Une plus grande connaissance de la biologie deB. helichrysi devient urgente.相似文献
17.
Ulla Bång 《Potato Research》1989,32(1):101-112
Summary Various haulm treatments and harvest times differentially influenced the incidence of storage rots in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in field experiments in Sweden performed over 4 years. The incidence of gangrene caused byPhoma foveata Foister (Phoma exigua var.foveata (Foister) Boerema) increased in cv. Bellona after spraying haulms with diquat as did the amount of infection caused byFusarium avenaceum (Corda ex. Fr.) Sacc. in all three cultivars (Bintje, Bellona, and Magnum Bonum). The lowestP. foveata infection levels occurred after pulling haulms. Late harvesting increased the frequency ofP. foveata in cvs Bintje and Bellona both at 2 and 4 wks interval between haulm treatment and harvest. Tuber and visible stem infection
caused byP. foveata were correlated for cvs Bintje and Bellona, but not for cv. Magnum Bonum. The possible relation between tuber and stem infection
is discussed. 相似文献
18.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
19.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
20.
Summary The effect of the moisture level of potting compost at harvest on the susceptibility of tubers of three cultivars to late
blight was investigated in the glasshouse in three successive years. Three moisture regimes (dry, moist, wet) were imposed
at flowering time, the tubers harvested 3 weeks later and immediately dipped in a zoospore suspension ofPhytophthora infestans. Tubers from dry compost were significantly more susceptible than those from wet or moist compost, which showed similar levels
of susceptibility. 相似文献