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1.
虎作为中国国家Ⅰ级保护的珍稀濒危野生动物,具有重要的科研、观赏和社会价值。近年来,我国对虎的保护工作取得了重要进展,但是疫病,尤其是病毒性传染病仍然威胁着虎的生存质量和种群数量。为此,本文总结了临床上感染虎的猫泛白细胞减少症、犬瘟热、流感、猫传染性鼻气管炎、猫杯状病毒感染和犬副流感等重要病毒性传染病的流行情况和防治现状,以期为虎的传染病防护工作提供疫病的本底信息和参考依据。  相似文献   

2.
Nobivac Tricat, a lyophilised trivalent modified live attenuated vaccine is routinely used to protect cats against three commonly diagnosed feline viral pathogens namely herpesvirus, calicivirus and panleukopenia virus. The recognition of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) as an important viral pathogen has prompted the development of an efficacious liquid recombinant subunit FeLV vaccine (p45 envelope protein). Lyophilised Tricat vaccine was dissolved in the liquid FeLV vaccine and no detectable deleterious effect on the titre of any of the live virus components was observed after 2h incubation. In vivo studies where the vaccines were mixed in the same syringe prior to inoculation showed no alteration to the safety profile assessed by repeat and overdose studies. Serological comparisons of the modified live viral antibody titres showed no evidence of reduced responses following administration of the mixed products. Challenge studies using pathogenic herpesvirus and FeLV revealed no difference in the degree of clinical protection. This paper shows that neither safety nor efficacy is adversely affected as a result of mixing the two vaccines.  相似文献   

3.
Two groups of feline panleukopenia (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) seronegative kittens (six cats per group) were administered one of two feline viral rhinotracheitis, calcivirus and panleukopenia (FVRCP) vaccines subcutaneously (one inactivated and one modified live) and the serological responses to each agent were followed over 49 days (days 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49). While the kittens administered the modified live FPV vaccine were more likely to seroconvert on day 7 after the first inoculation than kittens administered the inactivated vaccine, all kittens had seroconverted by day 14. In contrast, FHV-1 serological responses were more rapid following administration of the inactivated FVRCP vaccine when compared with the modified live FVRCP vaccine. There were no statistical differences between the serological response rates between the two FVRCP vaccines in regard to FCV.  相似文献   

4.
Two groups of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV), and feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) seronegative cats (five cats per group) were administered one of two modified live feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus (FVRCP) vaccines and the serological responses to each agent were followed over 28 days. While all cats developed detectable FPV and FCV antibody titers; only two cats developed detectable FHV-1 antibody titers using the criteria described by the testing laboratory. For FPV and FHV-1, there were no differences in seroconversion rates between the cats that were administered the intranasal (IN) FVRCP vaccine and the cats that were administered the parenteral FVRCP vaccine on any day post-inoculation. For FCV, the cats that were administered the IN FVRCP vaccine were more likely to seroconvert on days 10 and 14 when compared to cats that were administered the parenteral FVRCP vaccine.  相似文献   

5.
The virus neutralization (VN) antibody titers of serum samples from 18 individuals representing 8 carnivore species vaccinated with commercial polyvalent vaccines optimized for domestic cats containing inactivated feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) were evaluated against canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2). In addition, the titers among 5 individuals from 4 carnivore were evaluated against antigenic variants of feline parvoviruses; FPLV, CPV2, CPV2a, CPV2b, CPV2c, mink enteritis virus type 1 (MEV1) and MEV2. The polyvalent vaccines induced cross-reactive VN titers against antigenic variants of feline parvoviruses in nondomestic felids. However, we observed very low cross-reactive VN antibody in lions and Siberian tigers, therefore we should pay attention to CPV infections in these animals even if they were vaccinated with inactivated FPLV vaccines.  相似文献   

6.
根据病毒的理化特性，从猫三联活疫苗中分离出猫鼻气管炎、猫西洋太和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒；筛选出每种病毒敏感的细胞，并将该3种病毒分别分别在其中传代与扩增；通过电镜观察此3种病毒的形态学特征及其在宿主细胞内增殖部位、分布情况等，并以此对猫3种病毒进行了初步鉴定。  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of anesthesia and surgery on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens. DESIGN: Prospective controlled trial. ANIMALS: 32 specific-pathogen-free kittens. PROCEDURES: Kittens were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: neutering at 7, 8, or 9 weeks of age or no neutering. All kittens were inoculated with modified-live virus vaccines against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline herpesvirus (FHV), and feline calicivirus (FCV) at 8, 11, and 14 weeks of age and inactivated rabies virus (RV) at 14 weeks of age. Serum antibody titers against FPV, FHV, and FCV were determined at 8, 9, 11, 14, and 17 weeks of age; RV titers were determined at 14 and 17 weeks of age. RESULTS: Serologic responses of kittens neutered at the time of first vaccination (8 weeks) were not different from those of kittens neutered 1 week before (7 weeks) or 1 week after (9 weeks) first vaccination or from those of kittens that were not neutered. In total, 31%, 0%, 69%, and 9% of kittens failed to develop adequate titers against FPV, FCV, FHV, and RV, respectively, by 17 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Neutering at or near the time of first vaccination with a modified-live virus vaccine did not impair antibody responses in kittens. Many kittens that were last vaccinated at 14 weeks of age had inadequate antibody titers at 17 weeks of age. Kittens may be vaccinated in the perioperative period when necessary, and the primary vaccination series should be extended through at least 16 weeks of age.  相似文献   

8.
Virucidal disinfectants and feline viruses   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Thirty-five commonly used commercial disinfectants (disinfectants, antiseptics, sanitizers, and detergents) were evaluated for their virucidal activity against three feline viruses; feline viral rhinotracheitis virus (a herpesvirus), feline calicivirus, and feline panleukopenia virus (a parvovirus). Disinfectants were diluted as recommended by the manufacturer and were reacted with virus for 10 minutes at room temperature. Viruses were separated from disinfectants by gel filtration in special centrifuge tubes, and were assayed for infectivity in feline cell cultures. All 22 products tested were virucidal for feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, 11 of 35 were virucidal for feline calicivirus, but only 3 of 27 tested were effective against feline panleukopenia virus. A 0.175% sodium hypochlorite solution was the most effective and practical broad-spectrum virucidal product used alone or in combination with other disinfectants/detergents.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether administration of inactivated virus or modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines to feral cats at the time of neutering induces protective serum antiviral antibody titers. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 61 feral cats included in a trap-neuter-return program in Florida. PROCEDURES: Each cat received vaccines against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline herpes virus (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV), FeLV, and rabies virus (RV). Immediately on completion of surgery, vaccines that contained inactivated RV and FeLV antigens and either MLV or inactivated FPV, FHV, and FCV antigens were administered. Titers of antiviral antibodies (except those against FeLV) were assessed in serum samples obtained immediately prior to surgery and approximately 10 weeks later. RESULTS: Prior to vaccination, some of the cats had protective serum antibody titers against FPV (33%), FHV (21%), FCV (64%), and RV (3%). Following vaccination, the overall proportion of cats with protective serum antiviral antibody titers increased (FPV [90%], FHV [56%], FCV [93%], and RV [98%]). With the exception of the FHV vaccine, there were no differences in the proportions of cats protected with inactivated virus versus MLV vaccines. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that exposure to FPV, FHV, and FCV is common among feral cats and that a high proportion of cats are susceptible to RV infection. Feral cats appeared to have an excellent immune response following vaccination at the time of neutering. Incorporation of vaccination into trap-neuter-return programs is likely to protect the health of individual cats and possibly reduce the disease burden in the community.  相似文献   

10.
20 cats in a cat home were treated prophylactically and therapeutically with Baypamun HK. The animals were allocated into three groups as described. 7 freshly admitted clinically healthy cats were treated prophylactically on day 1, 2 and 9 with 1 ml Baypamun HK (group I). 7 cats, who already were allocated for one year in the home and were sick of the feline respiratory disease complex were treated as described for group I (group II). 6 further cats, who also showed symptoms of the feline respiratory disease complex and had stayed for one year in the home were treated with physiol.saline solution according to group I (group III). From all cats blood samples were taken at day 1, 3, 10 and 17. The blood samples were checked for antibodies against feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus (FHV), panleukopenia virus (PLV), feline peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Also the occurrence of the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was evaluated. The cellular immunity was evaluated by means of the lymphocyte transformations test (LTT), nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) and cytochrome C-reduction test (CRT). Mean value and standard deviation was calculated from the results. The significance was determined by the t-test. The animals were examined clinically daily for 20 days for the feline respiratory disease complex. When necessary, the animals were treated by homeopathic and antibiotic products. At the time of admission to the home all cats were or had been treated with an attenuated panleukopenia vaccine. The serologic parameters were not influenced in the cats of group I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

11.
Infectious diseases have been responsible for large-scale declines in many endangered animals. Disease outbreaks in small populations have probably led to the eventual extinction of such endangered animals in the wild. The endangered Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) population may also face such threats. This was evident from this study on captive Asiatic lions from western India, which were sampled from December 1998 to March 1999. Fifty-six Asiatic lions, including 17 hybrid lions (Afro-Asian crosses) from six captive centers in western India, were tested for antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV), feline parvovirus (FPV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia viral (FeLV) antigen. Agar gel immunodiffusion test and dot immunobinding assay were employed for CDV and FPV antibody detection. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used for FIV antibody and FeLV antigen detection. Forty-nine of 56 lions (87.5%) were positive for CDV. All 56 (100%) lions were positive for FPV antibodies. There were no detectable levels of FIV antibodies and FeLV antigens. It was observed that CDV and FPV, two viruses known to cause high mortality in captive carnivores, were widely prevalent in these captive Asiatic lions. It is suggested that these seropositive animals will have the potential to pose a risk of infection to other seronegative animals. Hence, it is imperative to carefully consider any movement, translocation, or reintroduction of these animals to new regions. It is also recommended that these animals be required to undergo standard quarantine and disease screening protocols. The lack of exposure to pathogens, such as FIV and FeLV, would also be a risk, and, hence, identification of reservoirs and screening of in-contact animals is highly recommended. Vaccinations must be considered, using killed or other suitable viral vaccines, which have been proved to be safe, effective, and efficacious in endangered felids.  相似文献   

12.
The optimal vaccination protocol to induce immunity in kittens with maternal antibodies is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of maternally-derived antibody (MDA) on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens. Vaccination with a modified live virus (MLV) product was more effective than an inactivated (IA) product at inducing protective antibody titers (PAT) against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). IA vaccination against feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) was more effective in the presence of low MDA than high MDA. Among kittens with low MDA, MLV vaccination against FCV was more effective than IA vaccination. A total of 15%, 44% and 4% of kittens had insufficient titers against FPV, FHV and FCV, respectively, at 17 weeks of age. Serologic response to vaccination of kittens varies based on vaccination type and MDA level. In most situations, MLV vaccination should be utilized and protocols continued beyond 14 weeks of age to optimize response by all kittens.  相似文献   

13.
So far, most apparently successful immunodeficiency virus vaccines have only been tested against challenge with cell culture-adapted virus. However, even live priming of cats with feline herpesvirus (FHV) vectors expressing the FIV gag and env gene followed by inactivated booster vaccination with fixed FIX infected cell vaccine proved non-protective against infection with a primary FIV isolate. An effective FIV vaccine for field applications therefore is still not underway.  相似文献   

14.
Sero-prevalences of canine distemper virus (CDV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) were evaluated in 20 captive lions in two Japanese zoos. Anti-CDV antibody was detected in 13 of 20 lions. We could pursue antibody responses against CDV in three lions back to 1996. Sera collected in 1996 were negative for anti-CDV antibody, therefore, all of them showed sero-conversion in 2000. This result suggested that the epidemic of CDV infection in this zoo might have happened between 1996 and 2000. The lions were also examined for FIV and FeLV infections. We had no evidence for FeLV infection but eight lions were sero-positive for anti-FIV antibody.  相似文献   

15.
A parvovirus of canine origin, cultured in a feline kidney cell line, was inactivated with formalin. Three pilot serials were produced and three forms of finished vaccine (nonadjuvanted, single adjuvanted and double adjuvanted) were tested in vaccination and challenge trials. A comparison was also made with two inactivated feline panleukopenia virus vaccines, one of which has official approval for use in dogs. The inactivated canine vaccine in nonadjuvanted, adjuvanted or double adjuvanted form was immunogenic in 20 of 20 vaccinated dogs. The double adjuvanted vaccine is selected as the one of choice on the basis of best and most persistent seriological response.  相似文献   

16.
This paper draws together those diseases of the cat where vaccination is either being practised in the UK or overseas, or is currently being considered. In the UK, vaccination is routinely carried out for feline panleucopenia, feline viral rhino-tracheitis (FVR), and feline calicivirus infection, and in quarantine, cats are also vaccinated against rabies. In the USA and some other countries, vaccination is also carried out against feline leukaemia virus infection, feline Chlamydia psit-taci infection and routinely against rabies. Attempts are also being made to develop vaccines for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), although there are a number of problems associated with the development of a successful FIP vaccine which will be referred to later. Factors important in prevention and control of the three diseases feline panleucopenia, FVR, and feline calicivirus infection for which vaccination in the UK is commonly practised will be discussed. For each disease, some background information on the virus and the epizootiology of the disease is given, which it is hoped will lead to greater understanding of the principles involved in prevention and control. A few points will then be made about vaccination in some of those diseases where vaccines are being developed or where it is carried out in other countries.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
A trivalent (feline panleucopenia, feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus), modified live, commercially available cat vaccine was used at either 6, 9 and 12 weeks of age (early schedule) or 9 and 12 weeks of age (conventional schedule), and the serological response to vaccination was assessed. The level of maternally derived antibody present at 6 weeks of age was also established. The use of early vaccination at 6 weeks of age induced an antibody response to each virus by 9 weeks of age in a significant proportion of kittens compared with unvaccinated littermates. There was no difference between the conventionally and early-vaccinated groups in terms of antibody response to any antigen by 12 and 15 weeks of age.  相似文献   

19.
The efficacy of two commercial feline vaccines was determined by challenging vaccinated and unvaccinated cats sequentially with a virulent feline calicivirus and rhinotracheitis virus. Serological responses to these viruses as well as to panleuk openia virus were also measured. Results show significant protection and satisfactory serological responses are conferred by both vaccines. One vaccine showed significant superiority in protection against feline viral rhinotracheitis.  相似文献   

20.
Blood samples were collected from 64 wild North American river otters (Lontra [Lutra] canadensis) from northern and eastern New York State and analyzed for serologic evidence of exposure to selected viral agents during a 1995 1996 translocation program. No clinical signs of disease nor lesions suggestive of prior viral exposure were seen. Titers were detected for antibodies against canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine parvovirus-2 but not for antibodies against canine adenovirus-1, canine coronavirus, canine parainfluenza virus, rabies virus, feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, or feline coronavirus. This is the first report of titers for antibodies against canine herpesvirus-1 in North American river otters, and it suggests a low prevalence of antibody titers against most canine viruses in otter populations in northern and eastern New York. Confounding variables in this study could include exposure to domestic dogs associated with the project, prolonged time spent in captivity, and concurrent bacterial or parasitic infection. Stress-associated humoral immune suppression could have altered serologic profiles, especially in otters exposed to dogs after trapping but before venipuncture.  相似文献   

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