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1.
饲料蛋白水平对史氏鲟幼体消化率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本实验研究了饲料蛋白水平对史氏鲟 (Acipenserschrenki)幼体消化率的影响。试验设计了四个饲料蛋白水平 ,分别为 :2 8%、 32 %、 36 %、 41 %。结果表明饲料的蛋白质含量对史氏鲟幼体总消化率 (干物质消化率 )影响不显著 ,但对饲料中各主要营养成分的消化率有明显作用。饲料蛋白质含量对鲟鱼幼体的蛋白消化率影响极显著 ,二者呈三次曲线关系 :y=0 92 +0 0 0 0 5 (x - 36) 2 +4 44(x - 36) 3,饲料蛋白含量 36 %的试验组幼鲟对蛋白质的消化率最高 ,达到 93 % ;鲟鱼对饲料粗脂肪的消化率也受到饲料蛋白水平的显著影响 ,蛋白含量为 32 %和 36 %的两个试验组对脂肪的消化率显著高于其他两组 ;幼鲟对糖类的消化率同饲料蛋白水平间呈显著的对数曲线关系 :y=1 90 3 - 84 2lgx。综合分析认为 ,当饲料中的蛋白含量在 36 %时 ,幼鲟对饲料各营养物质的消化率最高 ,所以幼鲟饲料的蛋白含量控制在 36 %左右比较适宜 相似文献
2.
在水温30℃条件下,摄食水平对幼鳖蛋白质表观消化率有显著影响（P＜0.01）;投喂频率对鲜鱼饲料组幼鳖表观消化率无显著影响（P＞0.05）,而对其蛋白质表观消化率的影响显著.在投喂配合饲料条件下,表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率均在中间摄食水平（此时干物质的摄食率为0.97%）时达到最大,分别为76.26%和81.22%;在饱食状态下,其表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率分别为72.36%和78.05%,日投喂2次鲜鱼组的幼鳖表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率分别为92.05%和96.84%;投喂1次鲜鱼组的分别为92.17%和95.27%. 相似文献
3.
《渔业科学进展》2017,(5)
选取体质健康、均重为(180±28)g的大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)420尾,随机分成4组(对照组和3个不同菌剂水平的实验组),每组3个重复,每个重复35尾。对照组投喂基础饲料,实验组分别投喂添加1%、3%和5%芽孢杆菌和酵母菌复合益生菌制剂(BSCP)的基础饲料42 d。结果发现,大西洋鲑投喂1%–5%的BSCP后生长性能得到明显改善,增重率显著升高(P0.05),饵料系数和死亡率显著降低(P0.05);饲料蛋白质的表观消化率呈升高的趋势,5%组蛋白质消化率具有显著性差异(P0.05),但其脂肪表观消化率显著降低(P0.05);实验组肠道和肝脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性有不同程度的升高,但其中5%组肝脏脂肪酶活性显著降低(P0.05);实验组肝脏免疫指标表现出不同程度的改善,但其血清免疫指标无明显变化,仅中高剂量组SOD活性显著降低(P0.05)。结果表明,BSCP可以显著提高大西洋鲑的生长性能,提高部分消化酶活性和蛋白质的消化率,并在一定程度上促进大西洋鲑的非特异性免疫能力,其饲料中适宜添加水平为3%。 相似文献
4.
中华绒螯蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素的适宜含量↑（*） 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
试验采用正交L18(37)表,用酪蛋白、结晶纤维素、鱼油分别作为蛋白源、纤维素源和脂肪源,制成含蛋白质36%、40%、44%,脂肪4%、6%、8%,纤维素3%、5%、7%的试验饲料,在水族箱中对体重19～25g的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素的适宜含量进行研究。结果表明,配合饲料中含40%～44%蛋白质、4%～6%脂肪、3%纤维素具有显著的促增重效果,高的生长比率,良好的饲料系数和蛋白质效率(P<0.01),交互作用极显著(P<0.01);5%和7%纤维素都显著地降低了生长比率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质表观消化率,使饲料系数极显著升高(P<0.01)。 相似文献
5.
为了研究杂交鳜摄食非鲜活饵料鱼的生长情况,分别用冰冻饵料鱼和配合饲料饲喂杂交鳜10周,并以鲜活饵料鱼作对照,比较不同饲料对杂交鳜生长、成活率及体成分的影响。试验结果:鲜活饵料鱼组的杂交鳜生长最快,显著高于配合饲料组(P0.05),但与冰冻饵料鱼组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。杂交鳜的成活率在各处理组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。配合饲料组杂交鳜的脂肪含量显著低于鲜活饵料鱼组和冰冻饵料鱼组,而蛋白质含量则显著高于鲜活饵料鱼组和冰冻饵料鱼组(P0.05)。冰冻饵料鱼组杂交鳜的蛋白质含量显著低于鲜活饵料鱼组(P0.05),但脂肪含量则高于鲜活饵料鱼组。试验结果表明,可用冰冻饵料鱼替代鲜活饵料鱼来饲喂杂交鳜,从而在一定程度上减少杂交鳜对鲜活饵料鱼的依赖。摄食配合饲料的杂交鳜虽然生长速度较慢,但其体成分中蛋白质含量相对较高,脂肪含量相对较低,鱼肉品质得到提高。 相似文献
6.
中华绒螯蟹对蛋白质和脂肪消化率的初步研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
在室内控温条件下，以鱼肉粉，小麦粉等为主要原料配成精制饵料，测定了中华绒螯蟹对蛋白质和脂肪的消化率。结果表明，中华绒螯蟹对饵料的蛋白质表观消化率和实际消化率随饵料中小麦粉含量增加而下降，在２４％－５４％饵料蛋白范围内，蛋白质表观消化率（ＡＰＤ）与蛋白质含量（Ｐ）呈正比关系：ＡＰＤ＝７８．１３０３＋０．２４９８Ｐ（ｒ＝０．８５０８，ｄｆ＝４，Ｐ＜０．０２５）；脂肪消化率（ＡＬＤ）则随饵料含脂量（Ｌ） 相似文献
7.
白鲟(美洲鲟)的表观消化率(ADCS)是由所喂给的含有不同糖类的精制食物来确定的。每天以占体重1.0％的食物喂养白鲟,食物含有9种糖类之一,在两周喂养期后,排泄物通过人工剥离收集;Cr_2O3作为外部指示剂。糖类、脂类和蛋白质的表观消化率受糖类来源的显著影响(P<0.05)。糖类的表观消化率排列如下:葡萄糖、半乳糖和麦芽糖>糊精>果糖和蔗糖>乳糖和生玉米淀粉>纤维素,含有果糖和乳糖的规定食物显著地减少了脂类的消化率(P<0.05),虽然蛋白质的难消化率受到了显著影响,但是所有糖类、脂类和蛋白质的表现消化率都>92％。 相似文献
8.
为探讨饲料蛋白质水平对匙吻鲟生长、体组成、消化酶活性、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能的影响。配制了5个不同蛋白质水平(35.44%、37.20%、39.19%、42.05%和45.30%)的等脂饲料,将初始体质量为(158.00±0.29) g的匙吻鲟在室外养殖系统中进行56d的饲养。结果显示:①随着饲料蛋白质水平的提高,实验鱼的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中39.19%、42.05%组的WGR和SGR显著高于35.44%、45.30%组;45.30%饲料组的蛋白质效率(PER)显著低于其他各组。以WGR和SGR为参考指标,回归分析结果表明,匙吻鲟获得最佳生长时对饲料中蛋白质水平的要求分别为40.67%和40.84%。②随饲料蛋白质水平的提高,实验鱼体成分没有显著性变化。③39.19%组蛋白质表观消化率显著高于其他组,45.30%组脂肪表观消化率和干物质表观消化率显著高于39.19%组和42.05%组;42.05%组肠蛋白酶活性和肝脏脂肪酶活性显著高于其他组;42.05%组肝脏淀粉酶活性略高于其他组;肝脏蛋白酶活性没有明显变化趋势。④饲料蛋白质水平对匙吻鲟血清生化指标有显著影响。39.19%、42.05%组实验鱼的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)显著低于其余各组;37.20%、39.19%组的球蛋白(GLOB)含量显著高于其他组,35.44%组白蛋白(ALB)含量显著低于其他组;总蛋白(TP)含量39.19%、42.05%和45.30%组之间无显著性差异。⑤饲料蛋白质水平为39.19%以上时,血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于低蛋白质水平组;除37.20%组,其余各组间超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性差异不显著;丙二醛(MDA)含量各组之间没有显著性差异。研究表明,在本实验条件下,匙吻鲟适宜饲料蛋白质水平为40%～41%。 相似文献
9.
牛磺酸添加质量分数为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%,以基础饲料为对照,饲喂鲫鱼(45~52 g)15 d后,测定消化率。结果表明,牛磺酸极显著地提高鲫鱼的脂肪消化率(P<0.01),显著地提高鲫鱼的总消化率和蛋白质消化率(P<0.05),对碳水化合物消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05)。蛋白质、脂肪消化率的提高,是牛磺酸促进鱼体生长速度加快的主要原因。 相似文献
10.
选取体质健康、均重为(180±28)g的大西洋鲑(Salmo salar) 420尾,随机分成4组(对照组和3个不同菌剂水平的实验组),每组3个重复,每个重复35尾.对照组投喂基础饲料,实验组分别投喂添加1％、3％和5％芽孢杆菌和酵母菌复合益生菌制剂(BSCP)的基础饲料42 d.结果发现,大西洋鲑投喂1％-5％的BSCP后生长性能得到明显改善,增重率显著升高(P＜0.05),饵料系数和死亡率显著降低(P＜0.05);饲料蛋白质的表观消化率呈升高的趋势,5％组蛋白质消化率具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),但其脂肪表观消化率显著降低(P＜0.05);实验组肠道和肝脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性有不同程度的升高,但其中5％组肝脏脂肪酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05);实验组肝脏免疫指标表现出不同程度的改善,但其血清免疫指标无明显变化,仅中高剂量组SOD活性显著降低(P＜0.05).结果表明,BSCP可以显著提高大西洋鲑的生长性能,提高部分消化酶活性和蛋白质的消化率,并在一定程度上促进大西洋鲑的非特异性免疫能力,其饲料中适宜添加水平为3％. 相似文献
11.
12.
T. Ahmad S.P. Singh B.K. Khangembam J.G. Sharma R. Chakrabarti 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(3):265-272
The effect of temperature on the food consumption rate and the digestive enzyme activities of Clarias batrachus (80.60 ± 5.34 g) were evaluated. Fish were exposed to six different temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C following an acclimation temperature of 25 °C. The rate of temperature change was 2 °C day?1. Highest food consumption was recorded at 25 °C. It gradually reduced with decreasing water temperature. Food consumption rate was significantly (P < 0.05) lower at 10 °C compared with other treatments. Hence, 46.67, 8.20–23.58 and 1.02–6.15% reduced food consumptions were recorded in groups exposed at 10, 15 and 20 °C temperatures, respectively, compared with the 25 °C. The consumption rate was not affected in fish exposed at 30 and 35 °C. Total protease, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish exposed at 25 °C compared with others. Lipase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish exposed at 30 °C compared with others. Lowest enzyme activities were recorded at 10 °C. Water temperature below 25 °C affected the food consumption and digestive enzyme activities in fish that served as indicators of stress in fish. 相似文献
13.
E.B. DONGMEZA G. FRANCIS S. STEINBRONN U. FOCKEN K. BECKER 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(3):313-326
In the uplands of northern Vietnam, culture of grass carp contributes significantly to income and household food security of Black Thai farmers. Maize is one of the most important upland crops and barnyard grass is the most important weed in the paddy rice fields. Thus, these are frequently used by small‐scale fish farmers as fish feed. An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted simultaneously in a recirculation and in a respirometric system to determine the digestibility and metabolizability of the nutrients of maize leaves and barnyard grass, to assess their crude protein, lipid and energy conversion and to estimate the energy allocation in grass carp. The following diets were used: diet ‘A’ (reference diet) containing 39% crude protein with 19.8 MJ kg?1 gross energy; diets ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’, which contained the same amount of the reference diet as the control diet, supplemented with a known amount of dried barnyard grass, dried maize leaves or fresh maize leaves, respectively. Five fish were assigned to each treatment in each experimental unit. Reference and test diets were fed to fish and faecal samples were collected and the oxygen consumption was measured in order to set up an energy budget of the fish over the whole experimental period. The weekly development of the body weight was recorded. The body weight gain of the fish fed diet D was significantly higher than that of the group fed diet A, which also in turn was significantly higher than that of fish fed diet B or C. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients and gross energy for the different experimental diets in fish kept in the aquaria were, for diets A, B, C and D respectively, 94.1%, 60.9%, 70.5% and 84.7% for protein, 91.3%, 60.7%, 76.8% and 71.8% for lipid; 95.9%, 44.5%, 60.6% and 69.1% for gross energy. The partial ADC of plant leaf ingredients were determined and barnyard grass and dried maize leaves were found to be not only poorly digestible but having negative impact on the digestibility of the reference diet, while fresh maize leaves were well digested. The results of the present study indicated that fresh maize leaves have a good potential to be used as supplement in diets for grass carp. 相似文献
14.
Nutrient digestibility studies in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and C. gariepinus (Burchell) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC %) for protein in catfishes, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) (16–18 cm; 45–50 g), C. gariepinus (Burchell) (21–22 cm; 60–65 g) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (10–12 cm; 10–15 g) was estimated for nine feedstuffs of plant and animal origin. Fat digestibility was tested for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus, wherein the influence of feeding frequency on protein digestibility was also examined. The digestibility trials were conducted with triplicate groups of 25 fish each in 70‐L polyvinyl indoor flow‐through (1–1.5 L min?1) circular tanks (water volume=55 L). Fish were fed to satiation daily, at 08:00 and 18:00 hours, and faecal matter was collected through slow siphoning. For studying the effect of feeding frequency, fish were fed the experimental diets at 08:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00 hours. The protein digestibility of the feedstuffs varied significantly within each test species. However, the protein digestibility values for most of the ingredients tested were comparable between the three catfish species. The most efficient utilization of protein in these fishes was noted for soybean meal followed by lab‐prepared fishmeal. The lowest protein digestibility was recorded for rice bran. Similarly, the utilization of fat from the feedstuffs was also significantly different within each of the two species, C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. Fat digestibility of feed ingredients was similar between the two species. With respect to the fat, soybean meal, lab‐prepared fishmeal, full‐fat soybean meal and dried fish were more efficiently utilized, while the lowest fat digestibility was obtained for rice bran. A marked decline in protein utilization was observed in the two species where the feeding frequency was increased from two to four times a day. 相似文献
15.
Food ingestion,consumption and selectivity of pompano,Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) under different rotifer densities 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zhenhua Ma Huayang Guo Dianchang Zhang Chaoqun Hu Shigui Jiang 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2593-2603
The growth, survival, food selection and consumption of pompano larvae under different rotifer densities as well as their colour preference during the rotifer feeding stage were examined in this study. Growth and survival of fish larvae were not significantly affected when rotifer density was between 10 and 20 mL?1. Fish larvae grew slower at 1 and 40 rotifers mL?1 than at 10 and 20 rotifers mL?1, and higher fish survival was achieved when fish larvae were exposed to 10 and 20 rotifers mL?1. The rotifer density of 1 mL?1 not only reduced food ingestion during the early stage, but also delayed diet switch from rotifer to copepod nauplii. On 5 days post hatching (DPH), larval pompano ingested more rotifers in dark‐coloured tanks and ingested more rotifers when prey colour was green. Based on the results obtained in the present study, the culture of larval pompano larvae is recommended using dark wall tanks with a feeding density of 10–20 rotifers mL?1 during the initial feeding stage. This study proposes a management protocol to use appropriate type and quantity of live food to feed pompano larvae in a hatchery rearing condition, which could be applicable to the culture of fish larvae in other marine fish species. 相似文献
16.
人工养殖条件下岩原鲤幼鱼排空率与摄食量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在室内微流水养殖条件下,以水蚯蚓(Limnodrilus sp.)为饵料,应用现场胃含物法,研究岩原鲤[Procypris rabaudi(Tchang)]幼鱼的排空率和日摄食量。结果表明:岩原鲤幼鱼摄食强度具有明显的昼夜节律,呈现较典型的单峰分布特征,其摄食强度高峰时间在0:30到6:30;在实验水温18.6℃时,用湿重表示胃含物质量,线性、指数和平方根3种常用模型均可较好拟合岩原鲤幼鱼[体质量(3.30±0.94)g]的排空率实验数据(df=18,P<0.001),综合评价结果进一步表明,其中指数模型拟合度最好,所得模型为St=0.139e-0.169t(r2=0.952,P<0.001);同时得到岩原鲤幼鱼的排空率(以湿重计)为0.169 g/(100g.h)。实验得到养殖岩原鲤幼鱼的日摄食量(湿重)为24.91 g/(100g.d);应用Elliott-Persson模型评估得到自然环境中岩原鲤幼鱼日摄食量(以湿重计)Cd=14.309 g/(100g.d)。研究建立的岩原鲤幼鱼空消化道重(EDW)-体长(BL)-体质量(BW)经验关系式为EDW=0.24(BW/BL)1.547-0.139(n=83,r2=0.89)。研究表明,指数模型最适于描述岩原鲤幼鱼胃排空特征,Flliott-Persson模型在野外环境中岩原鲤幼鱼摄食评估上具有较大适用性。这些结果可为岩原鲤幼鱼摄食生态的定量研究及环境容纳量评估提供基础资料。 相似文献
17.
为了探究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)最适宜的投喂时间,本实验将120只初重约68 g的幼蟹随机分养在24个塑料缸(70 cm×40 cm×50 cm)中。采用一次饱食投喂(将昼夜分为8个时间点:10:00、13:00、16:00、19:00、22:00、01:00、04:00、07:00,每个时间段作为1个处理组,每天每个处理组饱食投喂1次)的方法研究中华绒螯蟹的昼夜摄食节律。结果显示,幼蟹在不同投喂时间点表现出24 h周期性的摄食节律,且总摄食高峰期在22:00。从其中6d的平均摄食量可以看出,河蟹主要在19:00~22:00时间段摄食;在肝胰腺酶活性方面,淀粉酶活性在19:00~22:00内高于其他各组,且在22:00获得最高值;脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和钠钾ATP酶酶活性有相似的变化趋势,在13:00~22:00时间段这些酶的酶活呈现上升的趋势,且最高值均在22:00获得。在相关摄食基因表达方面,肝胰腺中Leptin基因的相对表达量在22:00点显著低于13:00和16:00,与其他各组相比差异不显著(P0.05);肠道中胆囊收缩素(CCK)基因的相对表达量在22:00点显示出最低值,与10:00、13:00、04:00和07:00点相比差异显著(P0.05)。综上所述,中华绒螯蟹存在明显的摄食节律,这可能与光照紧密相关,最适宜的投喂时间为22:00。 相似文献
18.
Fish raised in ponds and fed formulated feed also have access to naturally occurring food items. The contribution of these food items to growth of Bidyanus bidyanus was investigated by assigning fish to four treatments: in diet 1, caged fish were fed a high protein feed (52% CP); in diet 2, caged fish were fed a medium protein feed (30% CP); in diet 3, caged fish received no feed; and in diet 4, uncaged fish received no feed. Survival between caged treatments was similar (88%–96%), and fish performed best when fed a high-protein feed. Modelling of C and N stable isotope ratios showed formulated pellets provided 12% to 84% of the growth of fish fed diet 1 or 2, while invertebrates provided between 4% and 74%. The majority of growth of fish in diet 3 was from zooplankton (54%–76%) and invertebrates for fish in diet 4 (6%–94%). Implications for low intensity production of B. bidyanus are discussed. 相似文献
19.
摄食不同饵料对翘嘴鳜生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究三种不同饵料对翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)生长性能、体成分和消化酶的影响,实验选取初始体重为(113.56±11.82)g的翘嘴鳜900尾,随机分成3组,分别投喂活饵料鱼、冰鲜饵料鱼和商品饲料,进行60 d的养殖试验。结果显示:(1)冰鲜组、活饵组和饲料组翘嘴鳜的成活率、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白效率均无显著性差异。饲料组翘嘴鳜肥满度显著小于其他两组,肝体比和脏体比均显著大于其他两组。(2)三组翘嘴鳜体成分中的水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分均没有显著性差异。(3)翘嘴鳜肌肉各种氨基酸含量和总氨基酸量在三组之间的差异均不显著。饲料组翘嘴鳜肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸中的棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、EPA、神经酸、DHA的含量及总饱和脂肪酸、总单不饱和脂肪酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸均显著高于其他两组。(4)肝脏脂肪酶、肠道淀粉酶的活性在三组翘嘴鳜之间均没有显著性差异。冰鲜组翘嘴鳜肝脏淀粉酶、肠道脂肪酶活性均显著高于其他两组。结果表明:翘嘴鳜经过驯化可以摄食配合饲料,且不影响其生长性能。翘嘴鳜摄食饲料后,其肌肉氨基酸没有发生显著性的变化,不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著升高。 相似文献
20.
Mohammad Sudagar Abbas Hajibaglo Hamed Kolangi Miandare 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):81-87
This study was carried out to determine the effect of feeding time on growth parameters, food conversion ratio, and survival rate of Huso huso fingerlings (2.11 ± 0.03 g) over a period of five weeks. Fish in triplicate tanks were fed a commercial pelleted diet four times every 24 h on one of four schedules: at 08:00, 11:00, 14:00, and 17:00 h (day feeding); at 08:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 22:00 h (day/night feeding); at 18:00, 21:00, 24:00, and 06:00 h (night feeding); or at 08:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 22:00 h (full dark feeding). At the end of the experimental period, fish in the day-fed group had significantly (P < 0.05) better final weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, survival, condition factor, and food conversion ratio than day/night and night-fed groups. Performance of fish fed under full dark conditions was intermediate between day-fed and the other groups. In terms of rearing costs, daytime feeding of Huso huso is the most efficient. 相似文献