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为评价复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂治疗临床型奶牛乳房炎的疗效,在北京某牛场选择25头(48个乳区)临床型乳房炎患牛进行疗效观察。将临床型乳房炎患牛随机分为受试药物组(25个乳区)和对照药物组(23个乳区)。受试药物组患病乳区灌注复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂,对照药物组则灌注速诺LC。采用临床学与细菌学治愈率相结合的方法进行药效学评价。复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂治疗临床型乳房炎的临床学治愈率为68.0%,细菌学治愈率为83.3%,而速诺LC治疗组分别为69.6%、81.8%,两者治疗效果无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂对临床型乳房炎具有较好的治疗效果。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2021,42(9)
(1.西安市未央区动物疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710016;2.西北农林科技大学动物医学院,陕西杨凌712100;)为观察中兽药制剂丹参酮乳房注入剂与头孢噻呋联合用药对奶牛乳房炎的临床疗效,选用陕西省某奶牛标准示范基地15头患有乳房炎的奶牛,随机分为丹参酮组、头孢噻呋组、丹参酮及头孢噻呋联合用药组,每组5头,每天对奶牛感染乳室灌注药物,2次/d(早晚各1次),7 d为一疗程,进行乳样体细胞计数及临床治疗效果观察。结果显示,与用药前相比,3个组均可显著降低乳样体细胞数(P0.01);各组之间,联合用药组、头孢噻呋组均与丹参酮组之间体细胞数存在极显著差异(P0.01),联合用药组的体细胞数与头孢噻呋组间存在显著差异(P0.05);丹参酮组治愈率为0,头孢噻呋组治愈率为73.3%,联合用药组治愈奶牛临床性乳房炎治愈率可达83.3%。结果表明,丹参酮与头孢噻呋联合用药治疗奶牛乳房炎有明显的临床疗效,两者具有良好的协同作用。 相似文献
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选取临床型乳房炎患牛30头，分为3组，每组10头，试验组用酮洛芬注射液加硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂治疗，对照组用美洛昔康注射液加硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂治疗，阴性对照组用硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂治疗，比较患牛临床精神状况、乳房局部症状、乳汁性状，直肠温度、奶产量及体细胞数、病原菌清除率、治疗效果等。结果显示，试验组与对照组的各项指标相当，均好于阴性对照组，非甾体抗炎药与抗菌药物联合可更有效地恢复泌乳期奶牛的产奶性能，增加牧场的经济效益，该两组的治疗方法可在临床中推广使用。 相似文献
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为了明确中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎常见致病菌的体外抑菌效果及临床疗效,试验选用蒲公英、紫花地丁、金银花、连翘、当归及瓜蒌等中药,按照一定比例组方,采用中药灌注液的常用提取方法水提醇沉法提取有效成分。采用牛津杯法和二倍比稀释法对奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌进行体外抑菌试验,结果表明该中药复方灌注剂对上述致病菌均具有较好的抑菌效果。每天对患病奶牛乳区灌注该中药复方灌注液40mL,连续14d,发现其对隐性乳房炎有效率和治愈率达95.00%,对临床型乳房炎有效率达90.00%、治愈率达80.00%,用药后乳体细胞数低于20万个/m L,显著低于用药前乳体细胞数（P<0.05）,平均日产奶量提高约1kg,表明该中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎具备良好的治疗效果。 相似文献
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《中国兽药杂志》2015,49(6):38-44
为研究硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂对干乳期奶牛乳房炎的预防与治疗效果,试验选择100头临近干乳期的奶牛,随机分成5组进行临床疗效观察,其中I、II、III组分别给予高、中、低剂量的硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂(300、150、75 mg)治疗;IV组给予对照药物氨苄西林钠+氯唑西林钠乳房注入剂4.5 g(氨苄西林0.25 g+氯唑西林0.5 g)/支治疗;V组为空白对照组。间隔3周,各组随机选择10头奶牛以相同剂量追加一次用药。试验结果显示,高、中剂量硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂治疗干乳期奶牛乳房炎的头、乳区清除率均为75%~100%,头、乳区新增感染率分别为0~16%、0~7%;1次用药和2次用药对治疗奶牛乳房炎效果无显著性差异(P0.05)。综合比较后认为,每个乳区单次注入1支(3 g∶150 mg)硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂效果更好,能显著降低乳房内链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等的细菌感染率(P0.01),并能有效预防和治疗干乳期奶牛乳房炎。 相似文献
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利福昔明乳房注入剂对干奶期奶牛临床型乳房炎预防效果观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在观察利福昔明乳房注入剂对干奶期奶牛临床性乳房炎的预防效果.选择非临床型乳房炎的泌乳末期健康奶牛共计75头,随机分为空白对照组(不给药对照组),苄星氯唑西林乳房注入剂对照组(600 mg/乳区),利福昔明高(400 mg/乳区)、中(200 mg/乳区)、低(100 mg/乳区)三个剂量组,每组15头.分别在干乳期、泌乳期进行乳房观察,并采用致病菌的分离培养和乳汁中体细胞计数检测临床型乳房炎发生情况.结果表明,利福昔明低剂量组保护率与空白对照组保护率相比差异显著(P＜0.05),苄星氯唑西林对照组、利福昔明中剂量组、高剂量组对干奶期奶牛临床型乳房炎的预防效果与空白对照组相比,差异极显著(P＜0.01);利福昔明高、中剂量组与苄星氯唑西林对照组之间的预防效果差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果提示,利福昔明乳房注入剂对临床型奶牛乳房炎有较好的预防效果,可以作为预防类药物用于奶牛生产中,降低奶牛乳房炎的发生率. 相似文献
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对重庆部分地区６个奶牛场１１８头泌乳奶牛进行临床型乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查,并对其中７６头泌４乳奶牛进行隐性乳房炎检查,同时对２２６份患乳房炎和健康奶牛奶样进行细菌学分离鉴定。结果表明：临床型乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为８．４７％（１０／１１８）和３．３２％（１５／４５２）;隐性乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为７８．９４％（６０／７６）和５０．３４％（１４８／２９４）;临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎奶牛的阳性乳区奶样和健康奶牛的奶样细菌检出率分别为８６．６７％（１３／１５）、８７．８３％（１３０／１４８）和７３．００％（４６／６３）;检出的细菌主要是葡萄球菌和链球菌。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to estimate the efficacy of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) to bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Eighteen lactating cows with clinical mastitis and 18 lactating cows with experimental mastitis (1 quarter per cow) were randomly assigned to three treatments: IgY (20mg/ml) infusion, penicillin (100mg/ml) infusion and no infusion. Treatments for clinical mastitis and experimental mastitis were performed by a 6-day course of intramammary infusion with a dosage of 10ml at an interval of 12h. Milk samples were collected at morning milking time for testing color, clot, somatic cell counts (SCC) and bacterial count. For most of the cows treated with IgY and penicillin, the milk color and clot recovered to normal form during the therapy course. The milk SCCs and bacterial counts of treated cows decreased compared to those of untreated cows (p<0.05). The cure rates by IgY for experimental and clinical mastitis were 83.3% and 50%, respectively, and those by penicillin were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. These results showed the potential of specific IgY to be an alternative therapy for mastitis caused by S. aureus. 相似文献
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Intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis of dairy cows with a combination of lincomycin and neomycin, or penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
McDougall S 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2003,51(3):111-116
AIM: To compare clinical and bacteriological cure rates of clinical mastitis following treatment with intramammary preparations containing either lincomycin and neomycin or penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin. METHODS: Cases of clinical mastitis were sourced from four seasonal-calving dairy herds in the central Waikato region of New Zealand during the first 120 days of lactation. Affected quarters were infused three times at 12 h intervals with either 333 mg lincomycin plus 100 mg neomycin (lin/neo; 197 glands),or 1,000 mg penicillin plus 500 mg dihydrostreptomycin (pen/DHS; 207 glands). Milk samples were collected for bacteriology from each quarter immediately before and approximately 21 days after initiation of treatment. Additionally, a composite milk sample from each cow was collected, on average, 54 days after enrolment for assessment of milk yield, composition and somatic cell count (SCC). The probability of bacterial cure was initially analysed using Chi-squared analysis, and factors that were associated (p<0.2) were offered to a reverse stepwise logistic regression model. Continuous variables (e.g. milk solids production and log10 SCC) were analysed using general linear models. RESULTS: A total of 404 quarters diagnosed with clinical mastitis, from 282 cows in the first 120 days of lactation, were included. Streptococcus uberis, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 56.5%, 18.8% and 10.0% of the bacteriologically positive quarters. There was no difference in the bacteriological cure rate (76.7% vs 76.7%, OR=0.94; p>0.8), the log10 SCC (2.1, SE 0.1, vs 2.0, SE 0.1; p>0.3) or milk production (1.2, SE 0.1, vs 1.2, SE 0.1, kg milksolids/cow/day; p>0.7) between lin/neo vs pen/DHS treatments, respectively. However, the proportion of cows re-treated following initial treatment was higher for the lin/neo compared to pen/DHS-treated group (16.3% vs 5.2%, OR=3.46; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: No difference in bacteriological cure rate, milk production or SCC was evident between lin/neo and pen/DHS intramammary treatments for clinical mastitis in dairy cows during the first 120 days of lactation. KEYWORDS: Dairy cow, mastitis, intramammary, antibiotic, treatment, somatic cell count. 相似文献
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Ozawa T Kiku Y Mizuno M Inumaru S Kushibiki S Shingu H Matsubara T Takahashi H Hayashi T 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(1):21-27
The effect of rbGM-CSF intramammary infusion on the subclinical mastitis was evaluated by the somatic cell count (SCC) and
expression of adhesion molecules (CD62L and CD11b) on the surface of neutrophils (PMN) in blood and milk. Fifteen cows diagnosed
to have subclinical mastitis were used in this study. Seven cows showed a decrease in the SCC (decreased group), whereas 8
cows showed an increase in the SCC (increased group) 7 days after infusion of rbGM-CSF compared to pre infusion level. The
percentage of CD62+ cells tended to be lower and CD11b+cells tended to be higher at 6 h on blood PMN in the decreased group
of cows. Increased group of cows showed opposite tendencies. The mean fluorescent intensity of these adhesion molecules expressed
on PMN in blood and milk was similar in both groups. These results suggested some association between expression of adhesion
molecules and changes in SCC by rbGM-CSF. Responsiveness of PMN adhesion molecules to rbGM-CSF might determine the changes
in SCC of the subclinical mastitic cows after infusion of rbGM-CSF. 相似文献
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Kai K Komine K Asai K Kuroishi T Komine Y Kozutsumi T Itagaki M Ohta M Endo Y Kumagai K 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(10):1213-1220
OBJECTIVE: To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) in lactating cows with mastitis attributable to naturally occurring infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). ANIMALS: 12 lactating Holstein cows with mastitis attributable to infection with CNS and 2 healthy cows without mastitis. PROCEDURE: Clinical signs, number of bacteria in milk, somatic cell count (SCC) in milk, concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin and lactoferrin in milk, and concentration of histamine in milk were investigated before and after intramammary infusion of GL (6 cows) or antimicrobials (6 cows). Glands of 2 healthy cows were infused with staphylococcal enterotoxin; milk leukocytes were then harvested and incubated with various doses of GL. RESULTS: In cows infected with CNS that had a low bacterial concentration in milk, infusion of GL alone resulted in significant improvements in swelling, firmness of glands, and number of clots in milk, and it decreased the SCC, but not significantly. Percentage of neutrophils decreased significantly (to < 30%) by 2 days after infusion. Use of lactoferrin as a marker of inflammation in mammary glands revealed a decrease in concentrations, whereas use of alpha-lactalbumin as a marker of recovery for mammary glands revealed significant increases in concentrations in the GL-infused group. Accompanying these anti-inflammatory effects, a decrease in the concentration of histamine in milk was observed in the GL-infused group. Glycyrrhizin decreased histamine production by milk leukocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Infusion of GL may regulate intramammary inflammation through modulation of inflammatory mediators such as histamine. 相似文献
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A study was conducted to compare the efficacy in lactating dairy cows of intramammary infusions in quarters affected with clinical mastitis between a formulation containing 330 mg lincomycin and 100 mg neomycin in a 10-mL aqueous solution (LINCOCIN FORTE S, Pharmacia & Upjohn) and a formulation containing 75 mg ampicillin and 200 mg cloxacillin in an oil suspension (AMPICLOX, Pfizer Animal Health). This study was designed as a multicentre clinical trial involving investigators in France, Germany and Belgium and carried out according to the European Commission guidelines on Good Clinical Practices. Cows in the herds were monitored for clinical mastitis. When evidence of clinical mastitis was detected in a single quarter, a pretherapy milk sample was collected from the affected quarter. After milk sampling, the cow was assigned to one of the two treatment groups at random and treated with an intramammary infusion of one syringe of either LINCOCIN FORTE S or AMPICLOX for three successive milkings in the mastitic quarter. At 4-5, 13-15 and 20-22 days after first infusion, the veterinarian returned to the farm to conduct a clinical examination and collect milk samples from the affected quarter. Milk samples were cultured for the presence of mastitis organisms and somatic cell count (SCC) was measured. Following a 10-month study period, 256 cases were enrolled in the study. A total of 232 and 189 cases were analysed for clinical cure and for clinical-plus-bacteriological cure, respectively. The proportions of cases cured clinically and cured clinically-plus-bacteriologically were compared between the two treatment groups. Somatic cell count differences between treatment groups were also tested. The clinical cure rate for LINCOCIN FORTE S (62.5%) was significantly better than for AMPICLOX (51.8%) (P = 0.035). The clinical-plus-bacteriological cure rate was also significantly better for LINCOCIN FORTE S (38.1%) than for AMPICLOX (21.7%) (P = 0.005). Among bacteriologically cured cases, the SCC declined in both treatment groups but the SCC was significantly higher for the AMPICLOX group than for the LINCOCIN FORTE S group (P = 0.036). In conclusion, clinical cure rate, clinical-plus-bacteriological cure rate, and SCC level were significantly better with LINCOCIN FORTE S than for AMPICLOX. 相似文献
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The effect of a water-soluble fraction (WSF) of a non-pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium phlei was studied in bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) by measuring the myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase enzyme levels in the milk leukocytes. Forty-five cows were divided into three equal groups. Group I, consisting of 15 healthy cows, served as the control, whereas groups II and III each contained 15 cows with subclinical mastitis on the basis of a positive reaction in the California mastitis test (CMT). The cows in group II received 100 microg of WSF in 5 ml sterile phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4 (PBS) once only, while those in group III received 5 ml sterile PBS daily for 7 days, both treatments being given by the intramammary route. Observations were made up to 30 days after treatment (AT). The CMT of the healthy milk was negative (0), whereas it ranged between 1 and 2 points in SCM. The somatic cell count (SCC) increased significantly (p < 0.05) on day 3, then fell steeply from day 7 up to day 30 AT in the cows in group II. A steady decrease in the total bacterial count (TBC) was observed in the group treated with WSF but the bacterial counts remained high in the groups treated with PBS. The mean acid phosphatase level was enhanced by 119% on day 3 AT in group II but only by 18.7% in the cows in group III. The mean myeloperoxidase level was enhanced by 100% in the cows in group II but only by 18% in those in group III on day 3 AT. This significant reduction in the bacterial load in infected cows caused by intramammary infusion of WSF may be due to activation of the microbicidal activity of the neutrophils, but this requires confirmation. 相似文献
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乳酸链球菌素治疗奶牛乳房炎效果观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乳酸链球菌素（Nisin）是由乳酸链球菌产生的合有34个氨基酸的抗菌肽,对人体无害。本研究将患临床型乳房炎奶牛92头（107个乳区）和隐性乳房炎奶牛90头（90个乳区）随机分成试验组和对照组。试验组的治疗方法是在患病乳区灌注Nisin;临床型乳房炎以庆大霉素乳房内灌注作对照,隐性乳房炎的对照组不作任何处理。临床型乳房炎的Nisin治疗组细菌学治愈率和临床治愈率分别为60．8％和90．2％,而庆大霉素治疗组则分别为44.6％和91．2％,两者无统计学差异。隐性乳房炎经Nisin治疗后,高体细胞数奶牛的数量和牛奶中NAGase的活性均显著下降,细菌转阴率提高。乳酸菌发酵试验表明,经Nisin乳房内灌注治疗临床型乳房炎后,牛奶在第36小时恢复正常发酵,而庆大霉素治疗则需要72h。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究酶菌复合制剂对奶牛生产性能和体细胞数的影响。选取年龄、胎次、泌乳天数及生理性状相近的荷斯坦奶牛240头,随机为成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5、1.0和1.5 kg/t的酶菌复合制剂,预试期10 d,正试期40 d,分别于试验第10、20、30、40天采集牛粪便,利用粪便分析筛对牛粪便组成进行分析。分别在试验第1、20、40天采集乳样,采用乳汁分析仪测定各组乳样中乳脂率、乳蛋白率、非脂固形物和奶中体细胞数（SCC）,试验期间记录每头牛平均日产奶量（ADMY）及平均日采食量（ADFI）。试验结果表明,添加酶菌复合制剂能够显著增加奶牛平均日产奶量（P<0.05）,提高牛乳中乳蛋白和乳脂肪含量（P<0.05）,降低体细胞数（P<0.05）,改善粪便结构。综合试验结果,酶菌复合制剂应用于奶牛养殖的最优添加量为1.0 kg/t,可以提高奶牛产奶量,降低牛体细胞数。 相似文献
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Effect of intramammary injection of rboGM-CSF on milk levels of chemiluminescence activity, somatic cell count, and Staphylococcus aureus count in Holstein cows with S. aureus subclinical mastitis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hideyuki Takahashi Masaharu Odai Kenji Mitani Shigeki Inumaru Shozo Arai Rieko Horino Yuichi Yokomizo 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2004,68(3):182-187
The effect of intramammary injection of recombinant bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rboGM-CSF, 400 microg/10 mL) on quarter milk levels of chemiluminescence (CL) activity, and somatic cell count (SCC) and shedding pattern of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. Ten Holstein cows, naturally infected with S. aureus were used, with either early-stage or late-stage subclinical mastitis. Injection of rboGM-CSF caused a remarkable increase in milk CL activity with a peak at 6 h after the cytokine injection in the early- and late-stage groups. In the early-stage group, milk SCC stayed around preinjection level at 6 h, rose significantly on days 1 and 2, and was followed by a smooth and significant decline to an under preinjection level (below 200 000 cells/mL) on day 7 postinjection. Alternatively, in the late-stage group, milk SCC rose significantly at 6 h after the cytokine injection and maintained high levels thereafter. The milk S. aureus count decreased drastically by the cytokine injection in the early-stage group. The bacterial count was moderately decreased in the late-stage group, but increased back to preinoculation levels on day 7 after the cytokine injection. The results suggest that the rboGM-CSF has a potential as a therapeutic agent for S. aureus infection causing subclinical mastitis of dairy cows, if the cytokine is applied at the initial stage of infection. 相似文献