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1.
AIM: To investigate the correlation between the expression of neuron-specific protein and apoptosis in the process of differentiation from rat bone marrow stromal cells into neuron with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). METHODS: The 5th passage MSCs were induced by BDNF and 2-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), respectively. At 1 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, nestin, neuron specific enolase (NSE), microtubulease associated protein (MAP)-2 and glail fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by Western blotting. Cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Nestin and NSE of neuron-like cells induced by BDNF and β-ME were all positive by Western blotting. At 12 h, nestin and NSE turned to negative and apoptosis was detected in β-ME group, nestin and NSE still positive and apoptosis wasn't detected in BDNF group. Till 24 h, nestin and NSE in BDNF group were negative but apoptosis still not detected. Notably, GFAP (glial astrocyte marker) was detected and MAP-2 wasn't detected in the two induced groups. CONCLUSION: The down-expression of neuron-specific protein correspondingly with apoptosis in the process of differentiation from MSCs into neuron with β-ME shows that apoptosis may be one of the causes of induced cell death. BDNF induction was not the cause of apoptosis. Other factors may include for the cell death in the presence of neuron-specific protein expression induced by BDNF.  相似文献   

2.
AIM: To observe the characterization in neural cells derived from the hippocampus of embryonic rats and to examine the effect of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) on the proliferation, differentiation and neurite growth of neural stem cells (NSCs). METHODS: The hippocampus cells of embryonic rats were isolated and cultured in vitro. The expressions of nestin and doublecortin, the marks of NSCs, were observed by immunocytochemical method. The rate of proliferating cells was examined by BrdU immunocytochemistry. The average neuronal neurite length and the percentage of differentiated neurons were detected by immunocytochemistry staining. RESULTS: The hippocampus cells of 16 days old embryonic rats had the characteristics of NSCs. The percentage of differentiated neurons (β-tubulin Ⅲ-positive cells) was 18.17%±2.79% and the average neuronal neurite length was (136.27±33.66)μm, seven days after the differentiation initiated in vitro in control group. After NSCs were treated with MAG-Fc (200 μg/L), the percentage of differentiated neurons and the average neurite length were decreased, respectively, to 10.05%±3.42% (P<0.01) and (84.87±24.94)μm (P<0.01). The results from proliferation test indicated that the rate of BrdU incorporation did not changed after the treatment of MAG-Fc with different dosages (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: MAG-Fc inhibits the differentiation and neurite growth of the NSCs, but has no effect on the proliferation.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
AIM: To study the induction method of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that differentiate into neurons in vitro. METHODS: Mouse iPSCs were cultured in non-adherent culture dishes for 2 d to form embryoid bodies (EBs). The EBs were cultured for consecutive 2 d in the presence of retinoic acid (RA), and then were plated in the serum-free medium for adherent culture. Seven days later, Pasteur pipette was used to detach the differentiated cells around adherent EBs into “fragment” cell colonies with the help of dissecting microscopes, and these “fragments” were transferred to culture dishes with neural stem cell medium. Another 7 days later, the cells were plated onto the culture dishes using differentiation medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) and RA. The morphological changes of the cells were observed under inverted microscope. The iPSCs markers Oct4, Sox2 and SSEA1, the neural stem cell (NSC) marker nestin, the neuronal marker microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and oligodendrocyte marker myelin basic protein (MBP) were detected by immunofluorescence method. The mRNA expression of GFAP, nestin, β3-tubulin, MAP-2 and MBP was detected by RT-RCR. MAP-2 gene sequence was identified. The proportions of NSCs differentiated from iPSCs and neurons from NSCs were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Mouse iPSCs strongly expressed Oct4, Sox2 and SSEA1, and formed spherical EBs by suspended culture. The EBs were induced by RA and serum-free medium in adherent culture for 2 d, and rosette structure was observed under the microscope. “Fragments” separated by Pasteur pipette from the rosette structure formed neurosphere-like colonies. After the colonies were cultured in adherent condition for 5 d to 7 d in the presence of RA and FBS, the typical neurite was observed under the microscope. The neurospheres expressed nestin and their differentiated derivatives expressed MAP-2, GFAP and MBP, respectively. RT-PCR analysis and gene sequencing showed that the neurons were induced successfully. The results of flow cytometry demonstrated that 63.93%±1.47% of iPSCs differentiated into NSCs and 21.4%±1.70% of NSCs differentiated into neurons. CONCLUSION: Mouse iPSCs proliferate stably and differentiate into neurons in vitro, which provide a reliable source for the treatment of spinal cord injury.  相似文献   

5.
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6.
AIM: To investigate the role of microRNA-9 in inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(MSCs) differentiation into neurons.METHODS: The lentiviral vector of microRNA-9-1(microRNA-9-1-LV) was constructed and transfected into mouse MSCs. The cells were divided into non-transfected group, transfected group(transfected with microRNA-9-1-LV) and negative control group(transfected with FU-RNAi-NC-LV). MSCs were treated with β-mercaptoethanol(β-ME) as an inducer for triggering the cells to differentiate into neurons. The fluorescence expressed by transfected MSCs were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression of microtublin-associated protein 2(MAP-2) was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of neuron-specific markers,neuron-specific enolase(NSE), MAP-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), were measured by immunocytochemical method. The viability of MSCs was determined by MTT method. RESULTS: The results of PCR confirmed successful construction of mouse microRNA-9-1-LV. The virus titer was 1×1012 TU/L(TU, transduction unit). The best transfection efficiency(up to 91.3%±4.2%) and survival rate appeared when multiply of infection(MOI)was 20 and on 4th day. β-ME induced MSCs to differentiate into neurons and the best efficiency of the induction was observed in transfected group. The expression levels of NSE and MAP-2 in transfected cells were higher than those in the cells of other group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: MicroRNA-9-1-LV has high transfection efficiency in mouse MSCs. Higher differentiation rate from mouse MSCs to neurons is induced by β-ME after the cells are transfected with microRNA-9-1-LV.  相似文献   

7.
AIM: To study whether exogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from embryonic hippocampus differentiates into the neurons after transplanted into the infarct periphery of the brain in a stroke model and to further investigate the behavioral improvement in the rats.METHODS: The NSCs were prepared after isolated from the embryonic hippocampus of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats and cultured. The NSCs were identified using nestin and doublecortin(DCX) as markers. The cortical infarction in rats was induced using photochemical method, named photothrombotic cortical injury (PCI). Twenty adult rats were randomly divided into NSC transplantation group (NSC group) and control group. The cultured NSCs were transplanted into the infarct periphery of the rats in NSC group, and nothing in control group at first day was applied after PCI. The locomotor behavior of animals was checked using the rotarod test at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st d after PCI. The survival and differentiation of transplanted NSCs were evaluated by immunocytochemical method at 12th week after PCI.RESULTS: The cells derived from the embryonic hippocampus significantly expressed the markers of NSCs. The grafted cells survived at least 12 weeks in the infarct periphery of adult rats and differentiated into mature glial cells and neurons. The density of NeuN+/GFP+ and volume of grafts at 12th week were less than those at 3rd week after transplantation (P<0.05). The time standing on the rod was longer in NSC group than that in control group at 7th, 14th and 21st d after PCI (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The NSCs derived from embryonic hippocampus survive in the infarct periphery of adult rats up to 12 weeks and differentiate into mature neurons, which might be associated with the improvement of locomotor behavior of stroke animals. The neuronal replacement of neurons differentiated from NSCs may be the underlying mechanism.  相似文献   

8.
AIM: To investigate the differentiation from rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) into neuron-like cells. METHODS:rMSC were separated from femur marrow and expanded in L-DMEM culture medium supplemented with 10% FSC. rMSC were induced to differentiate into neurons with L-DMEM/adrenaline,L-DMEM/noradrenaline and L-DMEM/isoprenaline, respectively. Meanwhile, rMSC were cultured in L-DMEM in control group. Nestin, neuron-specific enclose (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: rMSC were expanded as undifferentiated cells in culture from 5 to 22 passages, indicating their differentiated capacity. Simple method induced rMSC to exhibit a neuronal phenotype, expressing positive NSE,nestin, and GFAP, at 5 hours in all group. The undifferentiating cells (control group 53.1%±4.3%), and differentiating cells (treated group: adrenaline 74.7%±2.6%; noradrenaline 75.9%±2.4%; isoprenaline 72.1%±4.4%), expressed characteristics of various neuronal cells, from 5 hours to 6 days. There were neuron-like cells in rMSC cultured in L-DMEM/10%FBS from 7 to 13 passage(66.5%±6.4%). CONCLUSION: It suggests that rat neural stem cells (rNSC) exist in bone marrow, rMSC can be differentiated into various neural cells with adrenaline hormones in vitro.  相似文献   

9.
AIM: To investigate the role of caveolin-1 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation into neurons. METHODS: The MSCs used in the experiment were divided into non-transfected group, transfected group (transfected with Rn-caveolin-1 siRNA), positive control group (transfected with Rn-MAPK-1 control siRNA) and negative control group (transfected with negative control siRNA). The MSCs were induced by β-ME to differentiate into neurons. The fluorescence expressed by transfected MSCs was observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression of caveolin-1 and MAPK-1 was detected by RT-PCR. NSE, NF-M and GFAP, the neural cell specific markers, were detected by immunocytochemistry staining. The survival ratio of MSCs was detected by MTT method. RESULTS: The fluorescence of MSCs was mostly displayed at 72th h after transfection and the efficiency of transfection was up to 81.5%±2.8%. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of caveolin-1 in transfected MSCs was decreased (P<0.05). No significant difference of the survival MSCs ratio between transfected group and other groups was observed by MTT method. β-ME induced MSCs into neural cells. The differentiation efficiency of MSCs transfected with Rn-caveolin-1 siRNA was the highest and the expression of NSE and NF-M was increased significantly compared to the other groups (P<0.01). The expression of caveolin-1 was increased persistently with time and the highest expression was observed 6 d after induction. Furthermore, there was significant difference between before induction and 6 d after induction. CONCLUSION: Lipid raft labeled with careolin as marker protein has important role in regulating MSCs differentiation into neurons.  相似文献   

10.
AIM: To observe the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) of rats in vitro.METHODS: NSCs isolated from the hippocampal gyrus of SD rats were primary cultured and subcultured,and then divided into two groups: (1) the cells in VEGF group were treated with 150 μg/L VEGF in the culture system,and VEGF was removed at the 7 th day;(2) control group (without VEGF treatment).The cellular morphology of two groups was observed by contrast phase microscope.Nestin and NF-200 expressing cells were detected via immunofluorescence method.The percentages of the immunostaining positive cells in each group at the 7 th day and at the 11 th day were determined.RESULTS: At the 7 th day,the percentage of nestin positive cells in VEGF group was 52.19%±7.95%,vs 29.26%±4.12% in control group (P<0.01).The percentage of NF positive cells in VEGF group was 22.33%±4.13%,vs 38.62%±5.31% in control group (P<0.01).At the 3 th day after VEGF was removed,the percentage of NF positive cells in VEGF group was 43.10%±3.70%,vs 30.56%±4.16% in control group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: VEGF stimulates the proliferation of neural stem cells and inhibits their differentiation.  相似文献   

11.
AIM: To investigate the role of Oct3/4 in inducing differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neurons in vitro. METHODS: Lentivirus (LV) vector containing Oct3/4 gene was constructed and transfected into rat bone marrow MSCs. The MSCs were divided into non-transfection group, transfection group (transfected with Oct3/4 -LV) and negative control group (transfected with FU-PCG-NC-LV). β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) was used to induce differentiation of MSCs into neurons. Morphological changes and the fluorescence in transfected MSCs were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. The expression of Oct3/4 and microtubulin-associated protein 2(MAP-2) at mRNA and protein levels was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The expression of Oct3/4 and the neural cell specific markers neuron-specific enolase(NSE), MAP-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) were determined by immunocytochemical method. The viability of the MSCs was analyzed by MTT assay. RESULTS: The results of PCR confirmed that the Oct3/4 -LV was successfully constructed and the virus titer was 2×1011 TU/L. The best transfection efficiency and survival rate appeared when multiply of infection(MOI) was 10 and at 48 h, and the fluorescence of MSCs was mostly displayed. The efficiency of transfection was up to 83.4%±2.2%. The shape of the MSCs was changed in transfection group, and the survival rate of the MSCs in transfection group was significant lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). MSCs were induced by β-ME to differentiate into neurons and the best efficiency of induction was observed in transfection group. The typical neuronal morphology was observed in transfection group after induction and the expression levels of NSE and MAP-2 were higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). Compared with other groups, the expression of Oct3/4 in transfection group was significantly increased (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression of Oct3/4 was time-dependently decreased and there was significant difference between before induction and 5 h after induction (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Oct3/4 may have an important role in regulating the differentiation of rat MSCs into neurons.  相似文献   

12.
AIM: To investigate the change and significance of nestin expression in differentiation of human glioma cell line SWO-38 induced by CDA-2 (uroacitide, a healthy human urine extract). METHODS: Cellular differentiation of SWO-38 cells induced by CDA-2 was determined by light microscopy. The change of nestin expression in SWO-38 cells induced by CDA-2 was detected by munofluorescence, RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Light microscopic observation revealed that CDA-2 induced SWO-38 cells to differentiate into astrocytes with increased cytoplasm and cytoplasmic processes and decreased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. Nestin was expressed in cytoplasm and stained like filament by immunofluorescence staining. Nestin expression was downregulated in differentiated SWO-38 cells induced by CDA-2. CONCLUSION: Nestin expression is downregulated in differentiation of SWO-38 cells induced by CDA-2, which verifies the relationship between nestin expression and cell differentiation. Nestin may be a new differentiation marker of glioma.  相似文献   

13.
AIM:To investigate the feasibility and effect of directly differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) into neural cells induced by retinoid acid (RA) without embryonic body (EB) culture period in vitro. METHODS:ESC were digested and divided into 4 groups:group A and B were undergone EB culturing. After that, cells in group A were induced by RA, cells in group B were differentiated spontaneously, cells in group C were committedly induced by RA directly without EB culturing, and cells in group D were differentiated spontaneously without EB period. Morphologic changes were observed under inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope. MAP-2 and GFAP were detected by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry after differentiated for 9 days. RESULTS:In groups A or C, neuron-like cells increased gradually, forming neural network. At the 9th day, a large part of cells in these groups were MAP-2 positive cells, and the positive rate was higher than that in groups B or D (P<0.01). Groups B and D were almost epithelial-like cells. At the 9th day, GFAP positive cells were predominant. The rate of GFAP staining cells in groups A or C was significantly lower than that in groups B or D (P<0.01). There was no significant difference of MAP-2 or GFAP positive rates between group A and C, nor between group B and D (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:ESC was directly induced into neural cells by RA without EB culture period in vitro. This modified method has the same effect as the traditional RA 4－/4＋ assay and can replace the traditional method.   相似文献   

14.
AIM: To analyze neuron-related gene expression before and after mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiating into neuron-like cells. METHODS: MSCs were induced to neuron-like cells with β-mercaptoethanol. Before inducement and at 8 h after inducement, the total RNA was extracted, then the expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), growth -associated protein -43 (GAP-43), NSE, nestin and neurofilament (NF) mRNA were detected with RT-PCR. RESULTS: NSE mRNA expressed before and after inducement, MAP-2, GAP-43, nestin and NF mRNA only expressed after inducement. CONCLUSION: The differentiation of MSCs into neuron-like cells may be related to MAP-2, GAP-43, nestin and NF expression.  相似文献   

15.
DENG Hong  ZOU Fei  GUO Hong-bo 《园艺学报》2005,21(10):1999-2003
AIM: To study the effect and mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on neural stem cell (NSCs) proliferation and differentiation from new born Sprague-Dawley rat striatum. METHODS: NSCs were isolated from the brains of new born Sprague-Dawley rat striatum, and the features of cells were characterized by immunofluorescence staining. The effects of different culture medium on cell cycle distribution and proliferation of NSCs were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). The effects of atRA on differentiation of NSCs were determined by immunofluorescence staining and classified count of differentiated cells. RESULTS: FCM assay indicated that atRA inhibited the proliferation of NSCs. The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase in atRA treatment group was significantly higher than that in control, and the proliferation index (PI) was significantly low. The percentage of neurons differentiated from NSCs in atRA group was 2.5 times of the control group after induced by adding 10% FCS in culture medium. CONCLUSION: atRA counteracts the effects of bFGF on the promotion of mitosis and inhibition of differentiation of NSCs. atRA also promotes NSCs to differentiate into neurons in vitro.  相似文献   

16.
AIM:To investigate whether efficient production of neuron-like cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be indued by astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) in vitro. METHODS:Based on the 4-/4+ protocol established by Bain, two groups were studied:ATRA group, ATRA with ACM group. ESCs were induced into neuron-like cells by means of three-step differentiation in vitro. The totipotency of ESCs was identified by the observation of cells’ morphology and the formations of teratoma in immunocomprised mice. The cell differentiation was evaluated continuously by detection of the cellular specific markers of neural stem cell, neurons and astrocytes such as nestin, NF-200, NSE and GFAP using immuno-histochemistry assay. RESULTS:(1) The ESC-D3 cells kept the ability of differentiation into cellular derivations of all three primary germ layers after continuous passage culture. (2) The ratio of NF-200 and NSE positive cells in the cells induced by ATRA with ACM was higher than that in the cells induced by ATRA only. (3) Finally, the positive rate of the neuron-like cells was up to 73.5% in the group induced by ATRA with ACM. CONCLUSION:The ESCs are induced into neuron-like cells with high purity and efficiency by ATRA with ACM.  相似文献   

17.
AIM:To evaluate whether bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) could provide a supportive microenvironment for proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). METHODS:The proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were compared, in media without growth factors or in BMSCs-conditioned media. RESULTS:The proportion of neurons to total NSCs was significantly increased when NSCs were cultured in BMSCs-conditioned media (41.1%±3.2% vs 23.3%±16.5%, P<0.05), while the proportion of astrocytes was significantly decreased (33.8%±4.9% vs 65.0%±10.4%, P<0.01), as compared with the NSCs cultured in media without growth factors. The proportion of proliferated cells was also significantly increased (74.7%±4.7% vs 51.4%±12.3%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION:These finding indicates that BMSCs support the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs and suggests that their addition may be useful to improve outcomes of NSCs transplantation.  相似文献   

18.
AIM: To explore an ideal method to induce the differen-tiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCMSCs) into neuron-like cells and to provide some evidence for the transplantation of hUCMSCs for spinal cord injury. METHODS: The hUCMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord digested with collagenase Ⅱ. The hUCMSCs was verified by flow cytometry analysis. The passage 5 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups. The differentiation of hUCMSCs was induced by bFGF in group A, bFGF and BDNF in group B, or BHA, bFGF and BDNF in group C, while the cells in group D served as a control group cultured with DMEM-F12 and 10% FBS. Two weeks later, the expression of nestin, neurofilament protein H(NEFH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) was detected by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. The morphological changes of cells were observed under an atomic force microscope. RESULTS: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from human umbilical cord by enzyme digestion. hUCMSCs expressed CD29, CD44 and CD105, but no CD34, CD45 or HLA-DR. After cultured with inducing medium for 2 weeks, the cells were successfully induced into neuron-like cells. The appearance of the cells had great change. The induced hUCMSCs developed round cell bodies with multiple neurite-like extensions observed under an atomic force microscope. The result of real-time PCR showed that nestin was positive in A, B and C groups, and NEFH was positive in A and B groups, but GFAP was negative in 4 groups. The difference of nestin and NEFH expression among the induced groups was significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from human umbilical cord by enzyme digestion in vitro, and all the hUCMACs presented stable biological properties. Moreover, hUCMSCs were induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro via bFGF combined with BDNF.  相似文献   

19.
AIM: To study the influence of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the neuronal differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and to explore whether autophagy was involved in this process. METHODS: MSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into LiCl group and control group. MSCs were treated with β-mercaptoethanol as an inducer for triggering the cells to differentiate into neurons. The expression of neuronal markers-neuron specific enolase (NSE) and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), and autophagic marker-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) were measured by immunofluorescence method and Western blot. An autophagy activator rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were applied to modulate the autophagy in the LiCl treated-cells. The protein expression of NSE and MAP-2 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: After induction, the expression of NSE and MAP-2 were increased. The percentage of NSE-and MAP-2-positive cells and the expression of NSE and MAP-2 in the LiCl group were greater than those in control group (P<0.05). After induction, the number of LC3-positive dots and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ in LiCl group were greater than those in control group (P<0.05). The expression of NSE and MAP-2 increased when the autophagy was modulated by rapamycin in LiCl treated-cells, and on the contrary, the expression of NSE and MAP-2 were inhibited as autophagy was modulated by 3-MA. CONCLUSION: Lithium chloride may promote the neuronal differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by modulating autophagy.  相似文献   

20.
HE Tao  WANG Li  LIU Xiao-yan  FENG Ning  LI Juan 《园艺学报》2009,25(10):1931-1935
AIM: To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis during the process of adult rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiating into neuron-like cells in vitro. METHODS: The MSCs were isolated primarily from adult rats bone marrow by density gradient and then expanded in medium as undifferentiated cells for 3-5 generations. The MSCs were divided into three groups at random. The control group was induced with β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME). Meanwhile, the U0126 group was given β-ME and U0126 (10 μmol/L) added at the beginning of induction. The PMA groups were treated with β-ME and different concentrations of PMA since pre-induction. The effects of U0126 and PMA on the activity of neuron-like cells were observed by MTT. The effects of U0126 and PMA on the expression of neuron specific marker nestin and expression of apoptosis-related protein caspase, Bcl-2, Bax in neuron-like cells were detected by using immunocytochemistry method. TUNEL technique was used to detect apoptosis index. RESULTS: Compared to control group, neuron viability, nestin and Bcl-2 increased and neuron apoptosis decreased in U0126 group (P<0.05). The activity of neuron-like cells, the expression of nestin and Bcl-2 in experiment group treated with 300 nmol/L PMA decreased (P<0.05), while Bax protein expression and apoptosis index increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both MAPK and PKC signal pathways may be involved in the differentiation of MSCs into neuron-like cells as well as the apoptotic process in differentiated neuron-like cells.  相似文献   

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