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人工淡水湿地的水文过程模拟:综合系统法(摘要)(英文)@张立$Olentangy River Wetland Research Park,The Ohio State University,352 W.Dodridge Street,Columbus,OH 43210,USA
@威廉.杰.米奇$Olentangy River Wetland Research Park,The Ohio State University,352 W.Dodri 相似文献
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LIU Can CHEN Hua LV Jinzhi LI Nannan XING Xiangjuan . China National Forestry Economics Development Research Center Beijing P. R. China . Department of Economics Sh ong University of Economics Finance Ji’nan P. R.China . College of Economics Management Beijing Forestry University Beijing P. R. China . College of Management Nanjing Audit University Nanjing P.R. China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2008,(1)
China has launched six Priority Forestry Programs (PFPs) since 1998, i.e. the Natural Forest Protection Program, the Cropland Conversion to Forest and Grassland Program, Sandification Control Program for the Vicinity of Beijing & Tianjin , Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserve Development Program, Forest Industrial Base Development Program and Shelterbelt Development Programs for regions such as Three North and the Yangtze River Catchments. The Government of China has made different policies for these PF... 相似文献
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In order to improve environment and relieve poverty, China has launched a series of major ecological engineering programs since the 1980 s. These include the Natural Forest Conservation Program, the Sloping Cropland Conversion Program, the Desertification Combating Program, and the Protection Forest System Construction Program. There is a growing need to quantify the contributions of these programs to regional carbon stocks.However, the lack of widely accepted, robust methods is one of the key obstacles to quantification. The objective of this study was to review existing methods for quantifying regional carbon stocks and then recommend suitable ones for the Chinese ecological engineering programs. We expect that the recommended methods can be applied to elsewhere in the world where there are similar characteristics and objectives. 相似文献
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《中国林学(英文版)》2013,(1):89-F0003
Aims and Scope Forest Science and Practice (formerly Forestry Studies in China), is an international journal of forestry science sponsored by Beijing Forestry University. The Journal intents to publish primarily peer-reviewed original articles, reviews and short communications produced by authors across the world, covering the full spectrum of subjects in forest research. 相似文献
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《中国林学(英文版)》2013,(4):F0003-F0003
Forest Science and Practice （formerly Forestry Studies in China）, is an international journal of forestry sci- ence sponsored by Beijing Forestry University. The Journal intents to publish primarily peer-reviewed original articles, reviews and short communications produced by authors across the world, covering the full spectrum of subjects in forest research. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2008,19(1):F0004-F0004
The Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center （HTIRC）, led by Dr. Charles H. Michler, is a collaborative effort between Purdue University, USDA Forest Service, State of Indiana, and the hardwood forest industry. Additional funding partners are the Van Eck Forest Foundation, National Science Foundation, ArborAmerica Inc., Steelcase Inc., Indiana Hardwood Lumbermen＇s Association, National Hardwood Lumber Association, Indiana Forestry and Woodland Owners Association and Walnut Council. The Center employees eight Ph.D. principal investigators who specialist in genetics and tree improvement, tree physiology, silviculture, entomology, nursery management and plantation establishment, and outreach. HTIRC＇s research and development is focused on fine hardwood species （Juglans, Quercus, Castanea, Prunus and Fraxinus） native to the central hardwoods region of the USA and the Center is providing graduate education to more than 22 MS and Ph.D. students Recent accomplishments include development of： 1） seed zones and genetic transformation protocols for Juglans nigra, 2） vegetative propagation methods for Prunus serotina, and 3） cold hardiness and advance mineral nutrition guidelines for hardwood nursery stock 相似文献
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《林业研究》2014,(4)
<正>Background Information Journal of Forestry Research(JFR)was crcated in 1990,co-sponsored by Northeast Forestry University and Ecological Society of China,and cooperatively published with Springer-Verlag.JFR,as an international science journal in forestry,is attracting great attention from forestry scholars around the world.At present,around 80%of the papers published in JFR are submissions from international researchers,covering more than 50 countries.The JFR has been indexedabstracted by 2】international literature databases,such as Science Cita- 相似文献
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M.A.U. Mridha F. Jabbar M. K. Bhuiyan M. Rahman F. Akter S. Dewan 《林业研究》2007,18(3):236-240
A survey on the symptom and severity of the leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. was conducted in the nurseries of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong （IFESCU）, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute （BFRI） and Aronnak Nursery in Chittagong. The highest infection percentage and disease index were found in IFESCU nursery, followed by BFRI and the lowest was recorded in Aronnak nursery. The associated organism of leaf spot disease of P. pinnata was isolated from the diseased plant parts and the pathogenicity was established with the isolated fungus. Colletorichum gloeosprioides Penz was proved to be pathogenic. The inhibition of mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was observed and identified as suitable fungicides （Bavistin, Cupravite and Dithane M-45） and doses （0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00）. The lowest and highest mycelial growth were respectively found on Bavistin and on Cupravite at the concentration of 0.05 after 8th day of incubation. It indicates that out of the three tested fungicides, Bavistin showed most effective, followed by Diathane M-45, and Cupravite was ineffective for its very little inhibition on mycelial growth. 相似文献
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Danielle M. Andrews Christopher D. Barton Stephen J. Czapka Randall K. Kolka Bernard W. Sweeney 《New Forests》2010,39(2):157-167
The restoration of a natural riparian ecosystem is a key component to improving water quality and restoring stream health in a disturbed watershed. The rate and degree of riparian restoration, and hence stream restoration, depends in part upon afforestation practices. Successful afforestation is determined largely by the rates of survivorship and growth of the tree species planted or recruited in a riparian zone. This study was part of a project involving the restoration of a channelized section of Wilson Creek located in the Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest, Nelson County, Kentucky. Riparian restoration activities focused on reestablishing a native riparian corridor using American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima), and pin oak (Quercus palustris). This study evaluated techniques for improving the growth and survivorship of planted seedlings along Wilson Creek. Specifically, two tree shelter types (Tubex® vs. continental mesh), with or without herbicide treatments, were compared. Additionally, the influence of these techniques on debris retention within the riparian zone was also examined. Results showed that use of tree shelters significantly increased the growth of seedlings (but not survivorship), provided physical protection especially during heavy flooding events, and accelerated woody debris retention. Both Tubex® and continental mesh tree shelters were effective in enhancing seedling growth, with Tubex® shelters yielding significantly better growth when combined with herbicide to control competing vegetation. Thus, the most cost effective choice may depend on the environmental setting and ability to combine the shelters with other growth enhancing treatments. 相似文献
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In 2002, we initiated a study to clarify the response of headwater catchments to logging on timberlands in the Coast Range of Washington, USA. Most of the predominantly first-order streams studied (summer low flows typically < 0.3 L s−1) were hydrologically complex, consisting of a main surface channel connected to multiple, small wetlands. To better understand the forest management implications of headwater systems with two surface hydrology components of potentially differing areal extents (i.e., broad wetlands and narrow, channelized flow), we examined in more detail the wetlands associated with 30 headwater channels. On average, 2.3 wetlands occurred per channel. All 68 surveyed wetlands were, individually, smaller than 0.1 ha, which is a minimum survey-and-manage size criterion for forested wetlands in use in the Pacific Northwest. Seventy-nine percent of the wetlands surveyed by the full-triad method met regional wetland triad criteria for wetland delineation (qualifying wetland soils, hydrology, and vegetation indicators). These headwater wetlands were associated with several landscape variables: (1) northerly-facing catchments, (2) perennial surface water, and (3) down, channel-associated large wood originating from adjacent riparian forest. Our results show that small forested wetlands are quite common and that the surface area of small wetlands can rival the surface area of the associated first-order streams. This initial effort to quantify characteristics of small headwater wetlands suggests small wetlands could dominate or influence headwater surface area processes including those associated with stream responses to disturbances such as logging. 相似文献
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The current status, threats and protection way of Sanjiang Plain wetland, Northeast China 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
ZHOUZhi-qiang LIUTong 《林业研究》2005,16(2):148-152
The Sanjiang Plain is a vast area of alluvial floodplains and low hills in northeast Heilongjiang Province. It is the largest tract of wetlands in China and East Asia outside of Siberia. 28 wetland nature reserves exist on the Sanjiang Plain, and three of them have been listed as wetlands of international importance to water bird conservation by the Ramsar Convention Bureau. The wetlands of Sanjiang Plain are noteworthy for its rich biodiversity, but they continue to decline in area and deteriorate in quality currently. The main threats or constrains, immediate cause, root cause and required response are analyzed in this paper, and the four aspects opinion such as improvement of watershed management, enhancement of protection and restoration of habitats and biodiversity, alternative livelihoods of rural residents living in and near natural wetland reserve, and reinforcement of capacity building of natural reserves are brought forward as the effective measures for the Sanjiang Plain wetland protection. 相似文献
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Nutrient Attenuation in Agricultural Surface Runoff by Riparian Buffer Zones in Southern Illinois,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrients in overland flow from agricultural areas are a common cause of stream and lake water quality impairment. One method
of reducing excess nutrient runoff from non-point sources is to restore or enhance existing riparian areas as vegetative buffers.
A field scale study was conducted to assess the ability of remnant giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.) and forest
riparian buffer zones to attenuate nutrients in agricultural surface runoff from natural precipitation events. Two adjacent,
10.0 m wide riparian buffers were instrumented with 16 overland flow collectors to monitor surface runoff for nitrate, ammonium,
and orthophosphate. Measurements were taken at 3.3 m increments within each buffer. The forest buffer significantly reduced
incoming dissolved nitrate-N, dissolved ammonium-N, total ammonium-N, and total orthophosphate masses in surface runoff by
97, 74, 68, and 78 , respectively within the 10.0 m riparian buffer. Nutrient reductions within the cane buffer were 100 for
all three nutrients due to relatively high infiltration rates. Significant reductions of total ammonium- N and total orthophosphate
were detected by 3.3 m in the cane buffer and at 6.6 m in the forest buffer. Results suggest that both giant cane and forest
vegetation are good candidates to incorporate into riparian buffer restoration designs for southern Illinois as well as in
other regions within their native range with similar climatic and physiographic conditions. 相似文献
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Riparian forests greatly influence aquatic ecosystems by providing shade cover, which controls water temperature and limits
primary production. We examined the relationship between forest cover and summer stream temperature in northernmost Japan.
Heat budget and statistical analyses were employed and the results were compared. Heat budget analysis revealed that the water
temperature would decrease almost linearly from 29°C to 25°C with an increase in forested reaches along a 3.2 km stretch of
the river. Multiple regression analysis by the stepwise method chose only open channel length as a variable to explain the
variation in maximum stream temperature. A sharp increase in stream temperature was noted when riparian forest cover was removed
in short lengths, of up to 1.0km; this increasing trend gradually flattened as the length of open stretch increased. Thus,
even small openings in the riparian canopy resulted in drastic rises in summer stream temperature. The maximum summer temperatures
estimated by the two methods were coincided, and can therefore be accurately estimated by regression analysis. Retrospective
analysis based on the regression equation showed that the maximum summer temperature in 1947 was 6°C lower than at present,
and that a sharp increase occurred from 1947 to 1960, a period of rapid expansion of agricultural land development in the
watershed. 相似文献
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Jon E. Schoonover Karl W. J. Williard Chris Blattel Chad Yocum 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,80(1):97-107
Across the U.S., multiple species of riparian vegetation have proven to be effective filters of sediment and nutrients in
agricultural watersheds. Research at Southern Illinois University Carbondale has focused on giant cane [Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.] as a potential candidate to incorporate into riparian buffer designs. In 2001, an exploratory study (i.e.,
Phase I) monitored nutrient and sediment concentrations from surface runoff and groundwater in the Cypress Creek watershed,
while two subsequent studies (i.e., Phase II) focused on groundwater quality and added additional riparian buffer plots in
the Big Creek and Cache River Watersheds. The primary objective of this research was to compare nutrient attenuation in groundwater
of native giant cane and forest riparian buffers. Results from phase I showed significant nutrient reductions in groundwater
over short distances in both the giant cane (~3.0 m) and forest buffers (~6.0 m), thus additional wells were installed at
1.5 and 12.0 m for the second phase. Groundwater NO3
−-N was significantly reduced by 90% in the initial 3.0 m of the giant cane buffer, where plant assimilation and microbial
denitrification were likely key NO3
−-N removal mechanisms. Phase II showed significant reductions in groundwater NO3
−-N beneath the forest buffers, whereas little change occurred below the giant cane buffers. However, NO3
−-N concentrations beneath giant cane buffers were 3 times less than those observed beneath the forest buffers. Follow-up studies
are being conducted on the transport of E. coli through vegetated buffers, and efforts have been expanded to the watershed-scale. 相似文献
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Despite the increasing recognition of riparian zones as important ecotones that link terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and of fire as a critical natural disturbance, much remains unknown regarding the influence of fire on stream-riparian ecosystems. To further this understanding, we evaluated the effects of mixed severity wildfire on riparian plant community structure and composition in headwater streams of the Big Creek Watershed of the Frank Church ‘River of No Return’ Wilderness of central Idaho. Five years after a large stand-replacing fire, we conducted riparian vegetation surveys at sixteen reaches across a range of burn types. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) and Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP) analyses showed an overall shift in community composition and structure between vegetation at unburned and severely burned reaches. Although total plant cover was significantly less at severely burned areas, recovery of the deciduous understory was apparent. Severely burned reaches were characterized by a marked increase in cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Reaches that were exposed to low-severity fire were indistinguishable from unburned reaches relative to vegetation community composition and structure, pointing to a possible disturbance threshold that may need to be crossed in order to alter riparian plant communities. 相似文献
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Cottonwoods (Populus spp.) are adapted to riparian or floodplain zones throughout the Northern Hemisphere; they are also used as parents for fast-growing hybrid poplars. We review recent ecophysiological studies of the native cottonwoods Populus angustifolia James, P. balsamifera L., P. deltoides Marsh., P. fremontii S. Watson and P. trichocarpa T. & G. in North America, and P. nigra L. in Europe. Variation exists within and across species and hybrids; however, all riparian cottonwoods are dependent on shallow alluvial groundwater that is linked to stream water, particularly in semi-arid regions. This conclusion is based on studies of their natural occurrence, decline following river damming and dewatering (water removal), water relations, isotopic composition of xylem water, and by the establishment of cottonwoods along formerly barren natural channels after flow augmentation in response to the conveyance of irrigation water. When alluvial groundwater is depleted as a result of river dewatering or groundwater pumping, riparian cottonwoods exhibit drought-stress responses including stomatal closure and reduced transpiration and photosynthesis, altered 13C composition, reduced predawn and midday water potentials, and xylem cavitation. These physiological responses are accompanied by morphological responses including reduced shoot growth, altered root growth, branch sacrifice and crown die-back. In severe cases, mortality occurs. For example, severe dewatering of channels of the braided Big Lost River in Idaho led to mortality of the narrowleaf cottonwood, P. angustifolia, and adjacent sandbar willows, Salix exigua Nutt., within 5 years, whereas riparian woodlands thrived along flowing channels nearby. The conservation and restoration of cottonwoods will rely on the provision of river flow regimes that satisfy these ecophysiological requirements for survival, growth and reproduction. 相似文献
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河岸带边界界定中的关键问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对河岸带研究、保护、恢复和管理中的河岸带边界的界定问题,从定义、尺度、方法和标准等方面进行了系统的总结。介绍了植被分析法、土壤分析法、景观分析法3种常用的界定方法。以地形特征为依据,详细论述了利用景观生态学分析法界定河岸带边界的步骤。这样有助于在流域或生态区尺度上准确把握河岸带边界问题。 相似文献
