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转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼与非转基因唐鱼肌肉营养成分的分析和比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对含有外源基因的转红色荧光蛋白基因唐龟(简称:转基因唐鱼)和同胞家系中不含有外源基因唐鱼(简称:非转基因唐鱼)肌肉中的一般营养成分、游离氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成和含量进行分析和比较.结果表明:转基因唐鱼肌肉水分、粗蛋白含量粗灰分含量高于非转基因唐鱼,粗脂肪含量低于非转基因唐鱼,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);转基因唐鱼和非... 相似文献
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《南方水产》2001,(6)
010969transfer水产养殖基因转移技术=Genetechnology及n squaeulture〔刊,英]/Levy JA,Marins LF,SallChezA//Hydrobiologia一2000,420(1)一91一94 水产养殖基因转移技术是将一种生物的基因转移给另一种生物以改良其特性,诸如提高生长率、饲料利用率、抗病、以及拓宽生态范围等。转基因生产鱼的程序如下:(1)设计构成遗传DNA;(2)将基因转移给胚细胞;(3)筛选转基因鱼;(4)测定转基因的表现与表型;(5)研究遗传;(6)筛选转基因稳定线。遗传改变生物特性具有显著的经济效益,但对生态环境有所威协,有利亦有弊。由于生产的转基因鱼供人类消费,… 相似文献
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近年来，常有许多关于特种转基因鱼实验的报道(Zhu等，1985等)。由这些实验结果来看，转基因的整合频率略低于75％。但是，由于存在染色体外DNA，常使基因整合率的估计变得复杂而困难。 相似文献
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Shunmei Liu Xiaonan Zang Bin Liu Xuecheng Zhang Arunakumara K K I U Xiaoqing Zhang & Bing Liang 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(12):1283-1292
The present study investigated the effect of supplementing feed with transgenic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 containing the Paralichthys olivaceus growth hormone (GH) gene on growth, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio, muscle composition, haematology and histology of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). At the end of the 40‐day feeding trial, the specific growth rate of fish fed the supplemented feed with 1.0% transgenic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was 21.67% higher (P<0.05) than that of control fish. Although body weight and feed efficiency ratio significantly increased (P<0.05) in fish fed the diet supplemented with transgenic alga, feed intake and condition factor of the experimental fish were unaffected. Muscle composition analysis showed that the protein content was positively influenced by the transgenic alga, whereas the lipid content was unaffected. Haematological parameters, including red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin, and serum biochemical indices, such as enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, concentrations of total protein, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol and ion levels of K, Na, Cl, P were not influenced by supplementing the transgenic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Furthermore, no histopathological alterations were induced by transgenic alga treatment in the stomach, intestine, liver, spleen and kidney of the experimental fish. The results of the present study indicated that transgenic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 containing P. olivaceus GH gene is an efficient growth promoter and a safe feed additive for fish. 相似文献
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金属硫蛋白基因对转基因鲤及实验动物体内重金属累积的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
金属硫蛋白(metallothiontine,简称MT),又称重金属结合蛋白,是一种低分子量富含半胱氨酸的金属结合蛋白。锌、铜、镉等多种金属元素均可在体外或体内诱导组织MT大量合成。已有研究表明,MT在微量元素代谢、重金属富集、环境污染的清除等方面起重要作用,因此, 选择恰当的启动子是保证外源基因在转基因鱼中成功表达的最重要因素。在转基因鱼的研究过程中,使用的转基因材料从最初阶段的人及其它哺乳类如牛、羊等的生长激素基因发展到现在的鱼的生长激素基因,启动调控顺序也由小鼠的重金属螯合蛋白(MT-1)基因发展到鱼的重金属结合蛋白基因,如虹鳟金属硫蛋白基因、鲤β-肌动蛋白基因、美洲鲽抗冻蛋白基因以及鲤金属硫蛋白 相似文献
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GH-transgeniccoho salmon (Oncorhynchus kitsutch) juveniles were fed diets containing 3,5,3-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3; 30 ng/g fish) or 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU; 20 ug/g fish), to assess the effect of these drugs on the physiology, growthand survival in comparison with untreated transgenicand non-transgenic salmon. After 84 days, food intake, feed efficiency, survival, growth, hepato-somatic index (HSI), viscera-somatic index (VSI), plasma L-thyroxine (T4), T3and growth hormone (GH) levels,and cranial morphological abnormalities were determined. Growth of transgenic salmon was significantly faster than the nontransgenic salmon,and was increased by exogenous T3and reduced by PTU. Food intake of transgenic salmon was higher than that of the nontransgenic group, but was reduced by exogenous PTU administration. Food conversion efficiency of transgenic salmon was lower than that of nontransgenic salmon,and also was increased by T3 but reduced by PTU in the transgenic fish. The survival rate in all transgenic groups was significantly higher than that of nontransgenic,and transgenic T3and PTU treatment groups showed higher survivals than the transgenic-control group. The HSIand VSI of the transgenic fish were higher than the nontransgenic fish;and both parameters in the transgenic salmon were increased by PTU, but reduced by T3. The plasma T4 level in transgenic salmon was approximately 1.5-fold higher relative to the nontransgenic fish, whereas no difference was observed among the transgenic groups. Plasma T3 levels in transgenic salmon were also approximately 2-fold higher relative to the nontransgenic fish. However, the plasma T3 level in transgenic animals was increased by exogenous T3 administration, but was reduced by exogenous PTU to that observed in nontransgenic salmon. The plasma GH level of transgenic fish was higher than that of the nontransgenic salmon,and the level was increased by the exogenous T3, whereas exogenous PTU did not reduce significantly GH levels in transgenic salmon. Transgenic fish also displayed cranium, jawand opercular abnormalities typical of the effects of this gene construct incoho salmon, indicating that some imbalance in growth processes has been induced. However, these abnormalities (especially cranial disruptions) were diminished by administration of exogenous PTU. In conclusion, exogenous T3and PTU treatments can induce hyperthyroidismand hypothyroidism, respectively,and have inverse effects on growthand skeletal abnormalities of transgenic salmon constitutively expressing GH. 相似文献
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The use of locally produced fish meal and other dietary manipulations in practical diets for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this trial was to compare the performance of rainbow trout fed diets including local or imported fish meal as the main protein sources, and to test the effect of reducing the fish meal content or including a fish protein hydrolysate in the diets. Two experimental diets were formulated to include 35% (diet 2) or 20% (diet 3) of a local processed whole fish meal; two other diets were formulated similar to diets 2 and 3 but with 5% fish protein hydrolysate replacing the same amount of fish meal (diets 4 and 5 respectively); a diet similar to diet 2, but including Norwegian fish meal, was used as a control (diet 1). The growth trial lasted 14 weeks and was carried out in floating net cages (325‐L capacity), with duplicate groups of 20 rainbow trout of an initial average weight of 58 g. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of the diets were evaluated in a separate laboratory trial. At the end of the growth trial, there were no significant differences in growth rate and protein efficiency ratio among groups. Feed conversion ratios were significantly better in groups fed diets 3, 4 and 5 than in the other groups. Nitrogen retention (% of N intake) was significantly higher in fish fed diets 4 and 5 than in those fed diet 2. There were no significant differences in energy retention (% of energy intake) among groups. At the end of the trial, there were no significant differences among groups in proximate composition of whole fish. The ADC of protein, energy and phosphorus of diets 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of diets 3 and 5. It was concluded that, under the experimental conditions tested, performance of rainbow trout fed practical diets including good quality local processed fish meal is similar to that of fish fed diets including Norwegian fish meal. A reduction in the fish meal from 35% to 20% of the diet or the inclusion of a fish protein hydrolysate had no negative effects on growth performance and improved feed utilization. 相似文献
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Raja Mansingh Rathore Bjørn Liaset Ernst Morten Hevrøy Adel El‐Mowafi Marit Espe 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(11):e751-e759
This experiment aimed to test the interaction of lysine limitation with nutrient accretion and muscle carnitine depot in Atlantic salmon. Fish were fed adequate or low‐lysine diets for 3 months. Lysine intake was significantly less (48%) in fish fed the low‐lysine diet as compared with that fed the adequate one. There was no difference in dietary amino acids between treatments, with the exception of lysine. The lower lysine intake was reflected in plasma free lysine being 52% less while the free lysine concentration in the liver and muscle were unaffected. Although there was no significant difference between voluntary feed intakes among treatments, fish fed the low‐lysine diet had reduced growth, protein and energy deposition as compared with fish fed the adequate lysine diet. White trunk muscle contained more glycogen and less protein in fish fed the low‐lysine diet while no difference in lipid was observed. The livers from fish fed the low‐lysine diet contained less glycogen and slightly more fat and protein than the livers from fish fed the adequate lysine diet. Lysine limitation reduced carnitine in the liver without affecting muscle carnitine depot. Thus, low‐lysine diets did not likely affect the fatty acid oxidation capacity. This fact was supported by unaffected fatty acid profiles and lipid classes between treatments during the 3‐month study. In conclusion, lysine limitation does not deplete the muscle carnitine depot during the on‐growing seawater phase of Atlantic salmon, but affects the deposition pattern of nutrients. 相似文献
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J. Pratoomyot E.. Bendiksen J.G. Bell D.R. Tocher 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,280(1-4):170-178
Replacement of fish oil with sustainable alternatives, such as vegetable oil, in aquaculture diets has to be achieved without compromising the nutritional quality, in terms of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content, of the product. This may be possible if the level of replacement is not too high and oil blends are chosen carefully but, if high levels of fish oil are substituted, a fish oil finishing diet prior to harvest would be required to restore n-3HUFA. However, a decontaminated fish oil would be required to avoid increasing undesirable contaminants. Here we test the hypotheses that blending of rapeseed and soybean oils with southern hemisphere fish oil will have a low impact upon tissue n-3HUFA levels, and that decontamination of fish oil will have no major effect on the nutritional quality of fish oil as a feed ingredient for Atlantic salmon. Salmon (initial weight ~ 0.8 kg) were fed for 10 weeks with diets in which 60% of fish oil was replaced with blends of soybean, rapeseed and southern hemisphere fish oil (SVO) or 100% decontaminated northern fish oil (DFO) in comparison with a standard northern fish oil diet (FO). Decontamination of the oil was a two-step procedure that included treatment with activated carbon followed by thin film deodorisation. Growth performance and feed efficiency were unaffected by either the SVO or DFO diets despite these having lower gross nutrient and fatty acid digestibilities than the FO diet. There were also no effects on the gross composition of the fish. Liver and, to a lesser extent flesh, lipid levels were lower in fish fed the SVO blends, due to lower proportions of neutral lipids, specifically triacylglycerol. Tissue lipid levels were not affected in fish fed the DFO diet. Reflecting the diet, flesh eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total n-3 fatty acids were higher, and 18:1n-9 lower, in fish fed DFO than FO, whereas there were no differences in liver fatty acid compositions. Flesh EPA levels were only slightly reduced from about 6% to 5% although docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was reduced more severely from around 13% to about 7% in fish fed the SVO diets. In contrast, the liver fatty acid compositions showed higher levels of n-3 HUFA, with DHA only reduced from 21% to about 18% and EPA increased from under 8% to 9–10% in fish fed the SVO diets. The evidence suggested that increased liver EPA (and arachidonic acid) was not simply retention, but also conversion of dietary 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6. Increased HUFA synthesis was supported by increased hepatic expression of fatty acyl desaturases in fish fed the SVO diets. Flesh n-3HUFA levels and desaturase expression was significantly higher in fish fed soybean oil than in fish fed rapeseed oil. In conclusion, partial replacement of fish oil with blends of vegetable oils and southern hemisphere fish oil had minimal impact on HUFA levels in liver, but a greater effect on flesh HUFA levels. Despite lower apparent digestibility, decontamination of fish oil did not significantly impact its nutritional quality for salmon. 相似文献
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Snin-ichiro Kobayashi Alimuddin Tetsuro Morita Misako Miwa Jun Lu Masato Endo Toshio Takeuchi Goro Yoshizaki 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):427-435
The growth of aquaculture has negatively affected the environment due to the high levels of nitrogen excreted by farmed fish. Here we propose that modifying the nitrogen metabolism of the fish themselves using transgenic technology might solve the pollution problem. Growth hormone (GH) is known to increase protein retention and absorption, and is thought to reduce ammonia excretion. Thus, we produced transgenic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that over-expressed the GH gene throughout their bodies. Our findings showed that the food-conversion efficiency of the transgenic fish was 35% higher than that of their non-transgenic siblings. The rearing period required for the transgenic fish to reach a body weight of 20 g was about 75% of that required for non-transgenic fish that were fed the same type and quantity of food. The total amount of ammonium-nitrogen excreted by the transgenic fish was about 69% of that excreted by the wild-type fish over their lifetime. These results suggest that our transgenic approach has the potential to reduce the amount of nitrogen pollution caused by farmed fish. This strategy is a promising option for making aquaculture more ‘eco-friendly’. 相似文献
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不同种类淀粉对草鱼生长、肠系膜脂肪沉积和鱼体组成的影响 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
将试验草鱼随机分配在 12个水族箱中 ,每箱放鱼 30尾 ,分别以玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、水稻淀粉为糖源配制 3种试验饲料 ,饲养初始体重为 (8.49± 0 .0 4)g的草鱼 80d ,观察不同种类淀粉饲料对草鱼生长、肠系膜脂肪沉积和鱼体组成的影响。每种饲料设 3个平行组 ,日投喂率按鱼体重的 3%计算。试验结果显示 :尽管草鱼对糖的表观消化率以小麦淀粉组最高 ,但摄食小麦淀粉饲料的草鱼与摄食玉米淀粉和水稻淀粉饲料的草鱼在生长上并无显著性差异。然而小麦淀粉组和玉米淀粉组的内脏比、肝胰脏脂肪含量、血浆甘油三酯水平以及肠系膜脂肪占鱼体的百分比显著高于水稻淀粉组 (P <0 .0 5 )。鱼体营养成份组成除了水稻淀粉组全鱼脂肪含量相对低于玉米淀粉组和小麦淀粉组之外 ,其它成份没有太大的差异。 相似文献
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Lumsden JS Marshall S Gillard M Wybourne B Minamikawa M 《Journal of fish diseases》2003,26(8):469-476
Chinook salmon smolt in fresh water fed a commercial diet known to produce minimal gastric dilation and air sacculitis (GDAS) were randomly assigned to four experimental tanks with flow-through sea water. All four groups were acclimatized to sea water for 3 weeks and fed a diet of minced fresh seafood. After 3 weeks the groups were fed either; seafood as before, a different commercial pelleted diet associated with the development of GDAS on farms, or either diet supplemented with 500 mg L(-1) putrescine, 300 mg L(-1) cadaverine and 250 mg L(-1) tyramine. Gastric dilation was produced in fish fed the commercial diet for 1 month but not by feeding a diet of minced seafood. The addition of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine to either diet had no significant effect on the development of gastric dilation. Fish fed the commercial diet had significantly (P < 0.0001) wider weight-adjusted stomach widths, less prominent longitudinal stomach folds (P < 0.0001) and lower (P < 0.0001) stomach-width ratios than fish fed the fresh seafood diet. There was no significant difference in serum osmolality or sodium concentration between fish from groups with or without gastric dilation or fed biogenic amines. 相似文献
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A fish feeding trial was conducted in a warm‐water recirculating system for 8 weeks to assess the nutritive value of processed mucuna seeds as a dietary protein replacement for fish meal in practical diets of tilapia. Diets 2–6 contained mucuna seeds processed as follows: raw, soaked in water, soaked in sodium bicarbonate solution (0.07%), soaked in ascorbic acid solution (0.1%) or soaked in water containing 3% of freeze‐dried moringa leaf powder, followed by autoclaving. The mucuna seed meals were then used to replace 25% of the total dietary protein in each diet. The performance of fish fed these diets was compared with fish fed a fish meal‐based control diet (diet 1), which contained 35% protein. All diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Each treatment had three replicates, using seven fish per aquarium, with a mean initial body weight of 3.9 ± 0.06 g. Fish were fed five times about their maintenance level (3.0 g feed × body weight (kg)?0.8 day?1), and no mortality was observed during the experiment. The growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein productive value of fish fed diets 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were similar. However, with regard to energy retention and apparent net lipid utilization, the values observed in fish fed diet 1 were similar to those of fish fed diets 5 and 6, and diet 6, and significantly higher than other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 showed a significantly (P < 0.05) reduced growth performance, higher carcass moisture and ash contents, and lower levels of lipid and energy compared with all other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 had a significantly lower plasma cholesterol level compared with other diets. However, no significant variation of muscle cholesterol was found between the dietary groups. Even though the hepato‐somatic index of the fish fed diets 3, 4, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than diet 1, these values appeared to be significantly higher compared with fish fed diet 2. The present study indicates that the inclusion of mucuna seed meal (replacement of 25% of total dietary protein of feed) after soaking in any one of the tested solutions followed by autoclaving significantly improved the growth performance and feed utilization of tilapia compared with that of the raw seeds. Moreover, these values were similar to the performance obtained with the fish meal‐based control diet 1. This might be due to the relative reduction of anti‐nutrients, particularly the non‐protein amino acid 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, and increased palatability and nutrient availability of processed beans. 相似文献