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1.
旨在筛选适宜豫北地区与夏棉轮作的冬茬荷兰豆品种和播期。以18个国内外的荷兰豆品种为试材,用田间调查方法测得12个性状的数据,并研究了其中4个品种在2个播期下的差异。结果表明,2019年种植的所有参试荷兰豆品种均安全越冬;早播（10月19日）比晚播（10月29日）能提早结荚并提升株高、单荚重和鲜荚产量;通过比较发现了每个荷兰豆品种所具有的特点,其中‘美国581’鲜荚产量高达25088.24 kg/hm2,而且其他农艺性状优良,是参试品种中最适宜引种豫北棉区的荷兰豆品种。该试验初步筛选出了适宜豫北地区越冬栽培的荷兰豆品种及其播期,为本地区研究“棉花-荷兰豆”双季栽培模式奠定了基础。 相似文献
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In this study, field experiments have been conducted over three growing seasons to evaluate the effect of fungicides (triazoles and strobilurins) and a foliar fertilizer application to winter wheat at anthesis on flag leaf senescence, grain yield, bread-making quality, Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination.Flag leaf greenness was significantly influenced by the fungicide application. A delay in flag leaf senescence following triazole use did not increase grain yield. No effects of fungicide application on protein concentration were recorded. The application of strobilurin to a triazole programme did not significantly delay senescence of the flag leaf or increased yield, compared to the triazole-only application, while a consistent benefit was observed for dough strength (W). The triazole application led to significantly lower FHB symptoms and DON contamination, while the triazole-strobilurin fungicides programme led to an increase in DON contents, that were often higher than the untreated controls.Grain yield and quality were improved when a foliar feed containing macro- and micro-nutrients was added to a triazole fungicide programme, with no additional risk for DON contamination. Compared to the strobilurin fungicide application, the foliar fertilizer led to a longer delay of the flag leaf senescence and higher bread-making quality. 相似文献
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甜荞品种‘牡丹荞’季节性栽培对产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
甜荞(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)的生长生育过程受自然因素影响很大,光照、温度条件和水分条件的季节性变化对其产量影响明显。通过对‘牡丹荞’品种在不同季节的栽培种植,以播期、成熟期、全生育期、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝、单株粒重、千粒重、小区产量为研究指标,通过数理统计的方法建立回归方程,揭示甜荞在某个区域的最适播期以及播期对主要产量性状的影响。研究结果表明：甜荞品种‘牡丹荞’在太原地区栽培对光照不敏感,对水分要求不严格,只对热量要求较严。出苗到开花期的
平均温度高则全生育期缩短,主茎分枝减少,单株粒数增加,单位面积甜荞产量提高。播种到出苗阶段,同其他作物一样,温度越高出苗越快。灌浆期最适温度为18~22℃。太原地区种植甜荞的最佳时期为7月7—20日。 相似文献
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黑龙港流域玉米不同生育阶段气象因子对产量性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
明确玉米生长发育不同阶段气象因子与产量的关系,有助于确定区域最适播期。通过调整播期来改变玉米生育期内气候条件,对于抵御阶段性不良气象因子的胁迫并最终实现高产目标有重要意义。本研究以郑单958为试验材料,于2009年至2010年在黑龙港地区中国农业大学吴桥试验站进行分期播种试验,分析产量及产量构成因素与不同阶段气象因子的关系。结果显示: (1)由于年际间气象条件的差异,产量及其构成因素并非简单地随播期变化而变化。(2)在试验设定的高密度条件下,产量提升主要受千粒重的制约,穗粒数次之。(3)产量性状与不同生育阶段的多个气象因子显著相关。穗期、抽雄吐丝阶段的光照条件对穗粒数以及产量有影响;苗期、营养生长阶段气温日较差与产量显著正相关;抽雄吐丝前后的温度条件影响穗粒数;生育期总降水量影响穗粒数和千粒重的提升。该地区在调整播种时间、改进栽培措施时,上述关系应是考虑的重点。生产中可适当早播晚收,选用适宜的中晚熟品种,既可避开生育前期及籽粒形成阶段不利气象因子的影响,又可延长籽粒灌浆时间,充分利用该地区生育后期丰富的光热资源。 相似文献
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不同播期和播种量对冬小麦生长特征和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究播期和播种量对冬小麦生长和产量的影响,设置3个播期和3个播种量,研究小麦干物质积累转运、叶面积和群体光能截获以及产量的变化特征。结果表明,随播期的推迟,干物质积累量降低,每推迟1个播期,干物质积累降低0.13~0.37t/hm2,花前干物质转运量随播期的推迟呈降低趋势,随播种量增加而增加。花后光合同化物积累量则随播期的推迟呈先升高后降低的趋势,随播种量的增加逐渐降低。光能利用率随播期推迟和播种量增加均呈先增加后减小的趋势。在10月4日播种,播种量160kg/hm2时,花后干物质同化物较多,光能利用率达到最大值,2年平均产量达到最大值,为8257.84kg/hm2,是适合当地的播期和播种量种植组合。 相似文献
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Saponin-free quinoa genotypes were evaluated in summer and autumn–winter sowings, for phenotypic traits and yield stability.
They were obtained by single plant-progeny selection from hybrids, as part of the breeding efforts in adapting the crop to
the Brazilian Savannah environments. The soils (Ferralsols) were limed and fertilized prior to cultivation. The experiment
was sown in two dates: 20th December 2006 (summer), and 30th April 2007 (autumn–winter), at 15°39′ and 16°14′ S latitude,
47°27′ and 47°44′ W longitude, with altitudes of 976 and 1,110 m, respectively. The mean temperature and rainfall for the
summer sowing were 23.0°C and 723 mm. In autumn–winter, under controlled irrigation, the mean temperature was 2.9°C lower
than in summer, when plants were exposed to water logging spells. The treatments consisted of fourteen selected genotypes
and the varieties Kancolla, BRS Piabiru and Q4.5, used as controls. Comparisons were based on plant height, biomass and grain
yield, harvest index (HI) and 1,000 seed weight. The experimental design was a complete randomized bloc, with three replications.
Analysis of variance was performed for each sowing and jointly. Statistical differences for the environments were evident
only for grain size and plant height. The performance of selected genotypes in each sowing date and in the joint analysis,
allows saying that populations Q0779, Q0780 and Q0782 are potentially useful in the acquisition of stable genotypes for the
Brazilian Savannahs. 相似文献
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为探究播期对皮燕麦生长特性和产量的影响,设置6个播种时期,研究了不同播期对皮燕麦品种白燕7号生育进程、形态指标、光合特性等指标的影响,分析了不同播期处理气候因子和皮燕麦生长的相关性。结果表明：随着播期的推迟,皮燕麦的生育期缩短,分蘖数先减少后增加,株高逐渐升高;光合性能降低、叶面积指数在营养生长期逐渐升高,在生殖生长期则相对降低;各阶段光合势总体呈降低趋势;收获穗数、千粒重、穗粒数显著减少,子粒产量呈下降趋势。气候因素中日照时数对子粒产量影响最大。在其他因子不变的情况下,积温每增加1℃,子粒产量减少1.158kg/hm 2;降雨量每增加1mm,子粒产量减少0.738kg/hm 2;日照时数每增加1h,子粒产量增加24.101kg/hm 2。为获得子粒高产,黑龙江省大庆地区皮燕麦播种日期选择在4月13日前后为宜。 相似文献
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Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production. Autumn sowing and early flowering have been suggested as ways to benefit from the winter rains in short rainy seasons under dryland cropping. High‐yielding, late‐flowering, simple‐leafed (slv/slv) chickpea cultivars with good field resistance to Ascochyta blight have been bred recently. Changing plant architecture, by altering leaf shape, may affect agronomic performance. As no information is available on the effect of leaf shape on phenology and seed yield, this study was aimed at: (i) introducing the simple leaf trait into an early‐flowering chickpea background; (ii) comparing the grain yield of the two leaf types in early vs. late flowering backgrounds and (iii) producing breeding lines combining early flowering, large seeds and Ascochyta tolerance with both leaf types. Hybrid progeny were studied from the cross of ‘Sanford’ (slv/slv) and ICC7344, (compound, SLV/SLV). Four early‐podding, F8 breeding lines were selected with either simple or compound leaves. In three different field experiments under dryland conditions (334–379 mm), they yielded ca. 1.4 t/ha as compared with 1.0 t/ha in the standard Israeli ‘Yarden’ on one site, but no significant differences in yield were obtained in the other two experiments. 相似文献
10.
Australian modern narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivars tend to flower early and are vernalisation-unresponsive (VU). Cultivars have generally been selected for the warmer climates zones and sandy soils of the northern grain belt of Western Australia (NWA), where lupins are predominantly grown. In areas where climates are cooler and growing seasons are longer and wetter, such as the southern grain belt of Western Australia (SWA), it is probable that lupin would have a higher yield potential. Given that VU cultivars would have a longer vegetative phase (i.e. late flowering) we hypothesise that they may be more productive than those that are early flowering. Here we used a modelling approach to: 1) test the hypothesis that cool-climate SWA would have higher lupin yield than warm-climate NWA; 2) explore lupin phenological adaptation and yield potential in SWA over a range of proposed VU cultivars; and 3) further evaluate the combined effects of cultivar phenology, sowing time and seasonal type on lupin yields.Simulations from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) showed that, on average, lupin yield in SWA was higher than that in NWA, with 23% greater yield for the early-flowering cultivar Mandelup. Proposed cultivars flowering 22 days (late-flowering) and 15 days (medium flowering) later than Mandelup would have their phenology better adapted in the high and medium rainfall zones of SWA, producing 16 and 7% more grain in the two rainfall zones, respectively. The proposed late-flowering cultivar sown before the end of April achieved higher yields for all seasons in the high rainfall zone and for above average and average rainfall seasons in the medium rainfall zone. In more water-limited situations early sowing was preferable with no obvious difference in yield among cultivars. Despite this, the early-flowering cultivar yielded more when sown in late April. The results indicate that lupin production would benefit from breeding VU varieties with a long vegetative phase for the SWA that should be sown in mid to late April. 相似文献
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Improved planting methods and foliar application of glycinebetaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) can improve the water productivity in field crops under limited water supply conditions. A 2‐year field study was conducted to evaluate the possible role of different planting methods and foliar applications of GB and SA in improving the yield, quality and water productivity of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The crop was planted by flat sowing (75 cm spaced rows) and ridge sowing (75 cm spaced ridges), with GB and SA applied exogenously at 100 and 0.724 mm , respectively, at both budding and flowering stages, while control plots received distilled water. Ridge sowing, rather than flat sowing, improved the biological yield, oil yield, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), plant height, water‐use efficiency and final achene yield during both the years. Foliar applications of GB and SA at both the stages improved the achene yield, although foliar application of GB at flowering was the most effective. Neither the planting methods nor the foliar application of GB and SA altered the achene oil contents during both the years. Foliar application of GB and SA increased the free proline content of the leaf and GB contents at flowering but reduced the achene protein contents, whereas planting method had no effect on these attributes across the years. Of the foliar applied chemicals, GB was more effective in improving sunflower growth and yield and water productivity than SA. To conclude, ridge sowing coupled with foliar application of GB at flowering stage could be beneficial for achieving maximum yields of hybrid sunflower under relatively water limited conditions in the field. 相似文献
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长江中游地区双季稻安全生产日期的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
安全生产日期是品种和种植方式选择、温光资源高效利用和生产季节安全的重要基础。本文以长江中游地区47个气象台站的逐日日平均温度资料为基础,分析了近50年(1960-2009)该地区50%和80%保证率的双季稻各安全生产期。发现生产中常用的80%保证率安全生产日期,后25年(1985-2009)较前25年(1960-1984)早稻覆膜旱育秧安全播种期推迟了3 d,早稻露地水育秧安全播种期提前了3 d,早稻安全移栽期提前了4 d,杂交晚籼稻安全齐穗期提前了3 d,常规晚籼稻安全齐穗期推迟了1 d,晚籼稻安全成熟期基本没有变化,早稻覆膜旱育秧条件下的双季稻安全生产季节天数缩短了4 d,早稻露地水育秧条件下的双季稻安全生产季节天数延长了1 d。本文列出了后25年各气象台站80%保证率的安全生产日期,按就近指导原则可以作为各地双季稻生产季节安排、品种和种植方式选择的依据。对比东北、华北、黄淮等地区,长江中游地区的气候及安全生产日期变化并不显著。除早稻露地水育秧安全播种期、早稻安全移栽期明显提前,有利于早稻提早播种、增加产量潜力外,其他安全生产日期的变化并不利于延长生长季节和增加产量潜力,其中晚稻安全齐穗期还略有提前。因此,从生产安全性的角度,该地区不能盲目地推广直播稻,机插稻也应重视安全生产日期的问题,搞好品种选择和播期安排。 相似文献
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不同播期对紫花苜蓿生长性状及草产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年在内蒙古鄂尔多斯赛乌素嘎查,采用随机区组法进行了不同播期对紫花苜蓿生长性状及草产量影响的田间试验研究。连续2年对出苗时间、出苗率、越冬率、株高、物候期、草产量、鲜干比、茎叶比的测定结果表明,在春播与秋播区间内,出苗时间与播种日期存在显著的正相关关系,生育时期随播期的提前而相应提前;秋播越早,根颈越粗,入土越深,当年越冬性越强,翌年草产量也越高;不同播期对鲜干比、茎叶比影响甚微。综合评价认为,该地种植紫花苜蓿,宜选择秋季播种,阈值为9月中旬。 相似文献
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不同播期和氮肥用量对油菜新品系159GP10生育及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在大田试验条件下,对油菜新品系159GP10进行了不同播期(9月30日、10月10日、10月20日、10月30日)与不同施氮量(N 0、90、180、240、360 kg/hm2)对主要农艺性状及产量的影响研究。结果表明:不同播期处理下,生育进程前期所经历天数相差较大,初花后,生育进程天数变化不大。不同氮肥处理下对油菜生育进程也有较大影响,不施氮处理成熟期最早,比360 kg/hm2处理的成熟期提前8天。随着氮肥用量的增加,绿叶数、最大叶长和叶宽均呈现逐渐增加趋势,但是植株根茎粗以180 kg/hm2最高。不同播期处理下随着播期的推迟和施氮的减少,油菜单株的株高、有效分枝数、主序长、全株角果数都相应减少,特别是全株总角果数减少达显著水平(P0.05)。不同播期处理下,产量以10月10日处理最高(3315.84 kg/hm2),产量表现为10月10日9月30日10月20日10月30日;不同氮肥处理下产量以180 kg/hm2最高(3157.18 kg/hm2)。 相似文献
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播期对雨养旱地春玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
为了解决陕西渭北旱塬地区玉米播种期干旱缺水造成出苗不全、不整齐,导致产量低而不稳的问题,设置6个不同播期,研究对春玉米生长发育、干物质生产、产量形成、水分利用及环境因子的影响。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,玉米的生育期明显缩短,营养生长期、营养生长与生殖生长并进期变化范围为2~19 d,生殖生长阶段则相对稳定,变化范围仅为?3~5 d。在一定的时间范围内,不同播期处理间的单株干物质生产没有明显差异,但由于受播期调整后的土壤含水量变化影响,适宜播期的玉米花后雌穗干物质积累量、籽粒产量及水分利用效率分别较早播和晚播提高4.0%~23.6%、3.9%~24.5%和6.6%~14.5%。早播影响产量的主要因素是播种期土壤含水量低而造成的出苗差,实际收获穗数不足;晚播影响产量的主要因素是生殖生长期后移,有效积温和日照时数减少造成的花后干物质积累减少、千粒重下降。适期播种可以增加田间实际收获穗数,促进雌穗花后干物质积累,提高玉米的水分利用效率。结合该区生态因素,5月4日以前适墒播种是玉米高产的有效避旱播期。研究结果可为该区春玉米抗逆避旱高产栽培提供有效的技术参考。 相似文献
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D. Stelling 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1997,179(2):65-74
Two semi-leafless pea cultivars and two highly lodging-resistant faba bean cultivars were grown in a series of replacement trials conducted on a highly fertile loam soil near Gottingen from 1992 to 1995. Cultivation as well as harvesting of mixed crops of both species proved possible. In spite of the delayed harvest of the mixed crop stands determined by the later pod ripening of the faba beans (varying between seasons from -f 5 to +21 days), noticeable seed losses due to pod shattering were not observed for the overripe peas. Standing ability of the peas was considerably improved by mixed cropping. Lodging began later and was less severe at harvest. Within mixtures with 50 % or more faba bean proportions at sowing (relative to the seeding rate of the pure stands) the peas, n i most cases, remained nearly upright until harvest and instead of the usual 'Plattlager', i.e., prostrate but upright top, frequently a more highly inserted 'Hohllager', i.e., upright but collapsed at higher nodes, was observed. In contrast to these remarkably synergistic effects for standing ability, such effects proved to be only small and nonsignificant for grain yield (−1.5–2.9%). Yield stability of the mixed crops was higher than that of the pure stands of both species. Estimates of the stability parameters, ecovalence, deviation from regression and environmental variance were at least halved. Yield proportions of peas and faba beans in the harvested seed of the mixtures did not correspond with the seed proportions at sowing. They differed considerably between seasons and cultivar combination. Higher yield proportions of faba beans were observed under wet and cold weather conditions and for the cultivar combination Victor/Disco, whereas higher yield proportions of peas were found under dry and warm weather conditions and for the cultivar combination Mythos/Baroness . 相似文献
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鲁南地区夏玉米产量对气象因子的响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2017年在临沂市农业科学院试验田以早熟玉米品种华美1号、登海518和中熟玉米品种登海605、郑单958为材料,分期播种,采用灰色关联分析法研究夏玉米产量对气象因子的响应。结果表明：随着播种期推迟,2种熟期玉米生育期均缩短。6月17日播种比6月10日播种的早熟夏玉米产量略降低,播种期再推迟,早熟夏玉米产量显著降低;随着播种期的推迟,中熟夏玉米产量显著降低,日均温、平均土壤温度和气温日较差均降低,有效积温、日照时数均减少;气象因子对早熟夏玉米产量的影响为：有效积温>日照时数>气温日较差>平均土壤温度>日均温>降水量,气象因子对中熟夏玉米产量的影响为：有效积温>日照时数>日均温>平均土壤温度>气温日较差>降水量。生产上,鲁南地区中熟夏玉米适宜播期在6月10日左右,早熟夏玉米品种适宜播期在6月10日至6月17日,夏玉米在麦收后应及早播种,为实现高产和子粒机收创造条件。 相似文献
20.
以油用向日葵T562为供试材料,采用二因素裂区设计,研究了5个播期（4月25日、5月2日、5月9日、5月16日及5月23日）和4个种植密度（3.75×104、4.50×104、5.25×104、6.00×104株/hm2）条件下向日葵干物质转运及产量变化。结果表明：随着播期的推迟,向日葵各生育期均缩短,播期对向日葵出苗至开花阶段影响较大,对开花至成熟阶段影响较小。成熟期植株干物质积累量在不同密度下的均值依次为4.50×104>3.75×104>6.00×104>5.25×104株/hm2。随种植密度的增加单盘粒重逐渐降低,产量逐渐增加。籽仁率在播期5月16日、密度5.25×104株/hm2处理下达最大,为74.09%;百粒重及产量在播期5月2日、密度6.00×104株/hm2处理下达最大,分别为8.76g、6859.00kg/hm2;单盘粒重在播期5月23日、密度3.75×104株/hm2处理下达到最大,为138.14g。 相似文献