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《中国果树》2017,(1)
为了探清不同地表覆盖措施(黑膜覆盖、白膜覆盖、行间生草、清耕对照)对苹果园土壤水文状况的影响,于2014—2015年采用HL20土壤墒情监测仪对山旱塬区花牛苹果园土壤水分状况进行定位监测,采用SF-L树干径流仪和Watch Dog 2900ET自动气象站对树干径流及环境因子进行了连续观测,并同时调查苹果产量。结果表明:不同覆盖措施下土壤水分补偿效果显现的时间均比降水量最大值出现的时间滞后1个月左右,处理的前2个月黑膜覆盖的土壤含水量最低,2个月之后不同覆盖措施的土壤贮水量均表现为黑膜覆盖白膜覆盖行间生草清耕对照;不同物候期不同覆盖措施的土壤剖面平均含水量均表现为黑膜覆盖行间生草白膜覆盖清耕对照;不同覆盖措施中白膜覆盖处理的667 m~2产量最高,达1 848.37 kg,黑膜覆盖的水分利用率最高,为143.59 kg·mm~(-1)·hm~(-2)。综合来看,不同覆盖措施均使苹果树产量及水分利用率有明显提高,地膜覆盖对苹果园土壤保墒效果更好,覆膜时间以春季2—3月较好。 相似文献
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旱地果园蓄水保墒和节水灌溉措施１中耕保墒早春土壤解冻后，及时顶凌犁地、刨园，随后耙耱保墒；每次降雨后，尽可能趁墒中耕一遍，对保墒有明显效果。２覆盖保墒春夏之交地温提高后，对果园地面覆草，可防止土壤水分蒸发。覆草以麦草、稻草、杂草、绿肥等为宜。覆草厚度... 相似文献
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为改良南疆果园土壤和推广果园生草制提供理论基础,以阿拉尔垦区清耕枣园为对照,选用早熟禾(Poa annua L.)和三叶草(Trifolium repens L.)2种牧草进行试验,比较分析了各处理枣树行间土壤水分与盐分含量变化,以探讨生草栽培对枣园土壤水分与盐分时空格局及其迁移规律的影响。结果表明:生草栽培能减少表层土壤水分蒸发,显著提高土壤水分含量,增强土壤蓄水保墒能力,0~40 cm土壤含水量平均比清耕处理提高38.09%,在抑蒸保墒方面三叶草优于早熟禾;生草栽培能明显影响土壤盐分迁移过程,降低耕层盐分含量和抑制盐分表聚,0~40 cm土壤含盐量平均比清耕处理降低28.56%,在抑盐降盐方面早熟禾优于三叶草;生草栽培能降盐保墒、改善枣园土壤环境,促进果树根系发育和生长。 相似文献
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不同覆盖方式西瓜土壤水分变化规律及利用效率 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过宁夏中卫市香山乡红圈子8队西瓜地不同覆盖方式的田间试验,研究了土壤水分动态变化。结果表明:在补水与不补水条件下,砂石+地膜覆盖和砂石覆盖都具有良好的保墒和集水作用,并且砂石+地膜覆盖水分利用率最高,而单一的地膜覆盖也有一定保墒作用。 相似文献
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以西瓜为试材,针对压砂保墒问题,选择压砂时期和灌溉定额作为研究因素,采用对比试验方法研究了压砂保墒效果及其种植西瓜的生产潜力。结果表明:压砂覆盖能够有效保持土壤水分,上年雨季前压砂与雨季后压砂相比较,播种初期前者处理土壤质量含水率可达10.8%以上,而后者仅为8.9%;补水条件下前者比后者处理西瓜纵径大2.8cm,西瓜横径大3.1cm,未补水条件下前者比后者处理西瓜纵径大3.9cm,西瓜横径大2.7cm;补水条件下,前者处理西瓜产量为12 301.0kg·hm~(-2),后者处理西瓜产量为7 549.1kg·hm~(-2),未补水条件下,前者处理西瓜产量为6 723.3kg·hm~(~(-2)),后者处理西瓜产量为3 829.5kg·hm~(-2),可见,压砂保水能够明显提高西瓜生产潜力。 相似文献
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有色地膜覆盖对生姜生长及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有色地膜覆盖具有比地上遮荫更好的降温保湿效果，晴天中午黑色地膜覆盖的10cm地温与CK接近或降低1～2℃，土壤含水量比CK提高3.57%～5.02%；灰色地膜覆盖的10cm地温与CK无显著差异，但土壤含水量比CK提高3.28%～4.68%。从而可增强生姜植株长势，使其茎秆粗壮，叶面积大，分枝和姜球数多，增产效果明显。黑色地膜覆盖莱芜大姜比CK增产16.4%，莱芜片姜增产14.6%；灰色地膜覆盖莱芜大姜增产131%，莱芜片姜增产 10.6%。 与地上遮荫相比，有色地膜覆盖每667m2可节约成本108～158.7元，与增产部分合计(按2元·kg-1计)，莱芜市试验可提高经济效益1217.3～1486.5元(莱芜大姜)；腾州市试验可提高经济效益735～969元(莱芜片姜)。 相似文献
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Field studies were conducted for two consecutive years under sub-temperate climatic conditions at Nauni in district Solan of Himachal Pradesh (30°52′N, 77°11′E 1175 asl) on loamy sand Inceptisols to investigate the effect of different mulches (hay: HM, black polyethylene: BP) on root growth, nutrient uptake, water-use efficiency (WUE) and yield of strawberry cv. Chandler under drip (DI) and surface irrigation (SI) systems. Unmulch (UM) and rainfed treatments were kept as control. Higher soil moisture content was registered under both the mulch materials during entire crop growth period. However, it was greater under BP mulch as compare to HM. The moisture conservation increased by 2.80–12.80% under BP mulch as compared to UM. HM treatment, irrespective of irrigation method increased the minimum soil temperature (2.8–5.2 °C) and reduced the maximum soil temperature (2.7–5.8 °C) as compared to UM. BP mulch increased the minimum soil temperature from 0.4 to 2.5 °C. Application of irrigation moderated the soil (minimum 2.6 and maximum 1.4 °C) temperature. Both the mulch materials were effective in enhancing root growth, nutrient uptake, WUE and yield. Application of mulch enhanced the root growth (63%), nutrient uptake (179.20%), WUE (84.40%) and yield (343%) under DI. However, respective increase under SI was 23.60, 83.80, 109.40 and 219.20%. Under DI, 51% of irrigation water was saved and about 19% higher fruit yield was obtained as compared with SI treatment. Linear regression model could significantly describe the variations in nutrient uptake (N, P and K) and WUE of strawberry under sub-temperate climatic conditions, root mass density was better indicator for estimating nutrient uptake of strawberry. 相似文献
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Finn Måge 《Scientia Horticulturae》1982,16(2):131-136
Young apple trees planted in soil covered by black plastic had the most vigorous growth and the highest crop. Trees in permanent grass sod had the lowest growth and yield. Those in plots treated with herbicides or cleaned by mechanical methods were intermediate.Soil temperature and moisture content were high under plastic, and the nitrogen content in leaves was high during the first two years, but low later. 相似文献
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为研究地表覆盖材料对甘肃盐渍化土壤水盐运移及枸杞生生长产量的影响,在统一沟灌6 000 m3·hm-2的基础上,以不覆盖为对照(CK),设置覆盖黑膜(T1)、草帘(T2)、无纺布(T3)3种材料处理;监测覆盖处理后土壤含水率、盐分含量和pH,分析土壤水盐变化。结果表明:地表覆盖黑膜、草帘、无纺布均能削弱地表蒸发,抑制地表返盐,黑膜处理土壤含水率最高、含盐量最低,无纺布处理土壤含盐量最高;覆盖草帘处理枸杞成活率、保存率、株高、冠幅和产量均为最高,第2年草帘处理枸杞产量为1.86t·hm-2,是对照的1.4倍,比黑膜、无纺布处理分别高10.7%、8.1%。因此,沟灌条件下覆盖草帘适宜于该地区盐渍土农作物种植。 相似文献
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为探究适宜中国西北地区日光温室西瓜稳产优质栽培的灌溉模式，以武威市当地传统灌溉模式为对照，设置了两个处理：T1，控制各个生育期不同的土壤相对含水率下限、上限；T2，仅控制土壤相对含水率上限，研究西瓜产量和品质对不同灌溉模式的响应。结果表明：在3 个茬口的栽培中，在伸蔓期和成熟期控制土壤相对含水率下限（70%、65%）可在不显著降低西瓜产量的同时显著提高水分利用效率，与对照相比，控制土壤相对含水率下限和上限的T1 处理全年水分利用效率提高了21.85%；同时，控制土壤相对含水率能够明显提高西瓜主要风味物质可溶性糖的含量。 相似文献
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Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Water logging and salinity of the soil alter both the physical and biological environment of plant roots. In two experiments, we investigated the effects of imposed aeration on yield and the physiological response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) variety Improved Apollo growing under protected conditions over a range of salinities (the salinity experiment), and under constant field capacity (FC) or drier soil conditions (the moisture experiment). Subsurface irrigation with aerated water (12% air in water) stimulated above-ground growth, and enhanced the reproductive performance through earliness for flowering and fruiting compared with the control. Fruit yield of tomato with aeration in the moisture experiment was increased by 21% compared with the control (4.2 kg versus 3.7 kg per plant), and the effect of aeration on fruit yield was greater in FC than in the drier treatment. Fruit yield was increased by 38% in saline soil due to aeration compared with the non-aerated control. Increasing salinity from 2 to 8.8 dS m−1, and 10 dS m−1 reduced fruit yield by 18% and 62%, respectively, but 4 dS m−1 did not suppress yield. Aeration in both the experiments increased plant water use and water use efficiency (WUE), expressed as weight per unit of applied water. Biomass WUE was greater by 16% and 32% in the moisture and salinity experiments, respectively. The increased yield with aeration was also accompanied by an increased harvest index (HI) defined as the proportion of dry fruit biomass to total dry biomass, greater mean fruit weight, high fruit DM, and increase in leaf chlorophyll content and shoot: root ratio, and a reduced water stress index (computed from the difference between air and leaf temperature). The benefit gained from aerating irrigation water was not only observed under conditions where air-filled porosity may be low (e.g., in poorly structure sodic soils, or at field capacity in clay soils), but also in drier soils. 相似文献
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以“博耐-13号”黄瓜为试材,运用土壤热通量板及常规气象数据观测,对不同生育期黄瓜土壤热通量进行了研究.结果表明:在黄瓜生长初期,土壤相对含水量50％～60％(SW1)和土壤相对含水量75％～90％(SW2)的土壤热通量变化是同升同降的同向单峰曲线变化,变化较一致,其土壤热通量变化均为放热-吸热-放热的过程;在黄瓜生长中期和末期,SW1和SW2的土壤热通量变化是相反,均呈异向近似单峰变化.SW1的土壤热通量变化为吸热-放热-吸热的过程,而SW2为放热-吸热-放热的过程.SW1土壤相对含水量50％～60％的黄瓜土壤热通量与X1二氧化碳浓度呈正相关,与X2光合有效辐射、X6空气相对湿度、X7饱和水气压差呈负相关;SW2土壤相对含水量75％～90％的黄瓜土壤热通量与X2光合有效辐射、X8水气压呈现正相关;与X1二氧化碳浓度、X13地下25 cm处土壤温度呈负相关.在黄瓜生长发育时期,二氧化碳浓度、光合有效辐射这2个气象因子的大小均直接影响黄瓜植株土壤热通量. 相似文献