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1.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary leucine on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and non‐specific immune responses of juvenile Nile tilapia. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain graded levels of L‐leucine (5.3, 8.1, 10.9, 13.2, 15.6 and 18.1 g kg?1 diet, respectively) from dietary ingredients and crystalline L‐leucine. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 juvenile fish (1.94 ± 0.01 g) three times daily to apparent satiation. Results showed that the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased as dietary leucine concentrations increased from 5.3 to 13.2 g kg?1 and then decreased slightly with further increase in dietary leucine concentrations. Quadratic regression analysis (y = ?522.6x2 + 1304.x + 132.6, R² = 0.684) on weight gain against dietary leucine levels indicated that the optimal dietary leucine requirement was estimated to be 12.5 g kg?1 diet (corresponding to 43.1 g kg?1 of dietary protein). Leucine supplementation had no impact on the survival and body composition of tilapia. Serum lysozyme activity of fish fed diet containing 13.2 g kg?1 leucine significantly increased compared to fish fed diet containing 5.3 g kg?1. Serum superoxide dismutase activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration were not significantly affected by dietary leucine supplementation. 相似文献
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Growth response of fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis (6.8 ± 0.2 g; 11.2 ± 0.3 cm) to dietary l ‐leucine levels was assessed by conducting 8‐week feeding trial in a flow‐through system (1–1.5 L min?1) at 28 °C water temperature. Casein–gelatin‐based isonitrogenous (380 g kg?1; crude protein) and isoenergetic [17.9 MJ kg?1; gross energy (GE)] basal diet was supplemented with different levels of l ‐leucine to achieve desired leucine levels ranging between 10 and 22.5 g kg?1 dry diet. Analysed values were 9.9 (Lc9.9), 12.4 (Lc12.4), 15.1 (Lc15.1), 17.4 (Lc17.4), 20.1 (Lc20.1) and 22.4 (Lc22.4) g leucine kg?1 diet. Fishes were stocked randomly in quadruplicates and fed to satiation at 07:00 and 17:30 h. Maximum absolute weight gain (AWG g fish?1), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein utilization efficiency (PUE%), leucine retention efficiency (LRE%) and haematological parameters were found in fish fed diet Lc17.4. For precise determination of dietary leucine requirement of Singhi, AWG g fish?1, FCR, PUE% and LRE% were subjected to broken‐line and second‐degree polynomial regression analysis. Second‐degree polynomial regression analysis fitted the data more accurately (P > 0.05) exhibiting high R2 values. Hence, based on this analysis, dietary leucine requirement of fingerling H. fossilis is recommended to be 16.5 g kg?1 of the diet, corresponding to 43.4 g kg?1 protein for developing leucine‐balanced commercial feeds. 相似文献
3.
An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary leucine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (3.50±0.04 cm; 0.40±0.02 g) using amino acid test diets (40% crude protein; 17.90 kJ g−1 gross energy) containing casein and gelatin as intact protein sources and l -crystalline amino acids. Growth performance and biochemical parameters were assessed by feeding six amino acid test diets supplemented with graded concentrations of leucine (0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.0 g per 100 g) to triplicate groups of fingerlings to apparent satiation divided over two feedings at 07:00 and 17:30 hours. Performance of the fish was evaluated on the basis of live weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body protein deposition (BPD) data. Maximum live weight gain (315%), best FCR (1.35), highest PER (1.86) and BPD (33.9) were recorded at 1.50 g per 100 g dietary leucine. Statistical analysis of live weight gain, FCR, PER and BPD data reflected significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments. Live weight gain, FCR, PER and BPD data were also analysed using second-degree polynomial regression analysis to obtain more accurate leucine requirement estimate which was found to be at 1.57, 1.55, 1.52 and 1.50 g per 100 g of dry diet, corresponding to 3.92, 3.87, 3.80 and 3.75 g per 100 g of dietary protein respectively. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of the live weight gain, FCR, PER and BPD data, the optimum requirement of fingerling L. rohita for leucine is estimated to be in the range of 1.50–1.57 g per 100 g of the dry diet, corresponding to 3.75–3.92 g per 100 g of dietary protein. 相似文献
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Effect of dietary leucine on growth performance,hemolymph and hepatopancreas enzyme activities of swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus 
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下载免费PDF全文 Y.‐W. Huo M. Jin P. Sun Y.‐M. Hou Y. Li H. Qiu Q.‐C. Zhou 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(6):1341-1350
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary leucine requirement for juvenile swimming crabs reared in cement pools. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets (430 g/kg crude protein and 70 g/kg crude lipid) were formulated to contain graded leucine levels which ranged from 16.7 to 26.7 g/kg (dry weight). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 60 juvenile swimming crabs (initial average weight 3.75 ± 0.12 g) that were stocked in rectangle plastic baskets. The results of the present study indicated that dietary leucine levels significantly influenced weight gain (WG) and specific growth ratio (SGR) (p < .05), crab fed the diet containing 22.7 g/kg leucine had significantly higher WG and SGR than those fed the other diets. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly affected by the dietary leucine levels (p > .05). Total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose in serum were significantly affected by the dietary leucine levels. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase activities in hemolymph, AST and superoxide dismutase activities in hepatopancreas were significantly affected by dietary leucine levels; moreover, crab fed the 16.7 g/kg leucine diet had higher malondialdehyde in hemolymph and hepatopancreas than those fed the other diets. Crab fed the diet containing 24.9 g/kg leucine had higher phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph than those fed the other diets. Based on two‐slope broken‐line model of SGR against dietary leucine levels, the optimal dietary leucine requirement for growth was estimated to be 22.1 g/kg of the dry diet (corresponding to 51.4 g/kg of dietary protein on a dry weight basis). In summary, findings of this study indicated that dietary leucine could improve growth performance and antioxidant status. 相似文献
5.
为了探讨低盐度(0.6～0.8 g/L)条件下初始体质量为(0.38±0.004)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾的亮氨酸需求量,以鱼粉、花生麸和L-晶体氨基酸为蛋白源配制含粗蛋白400 g/kg的6种等氮饲料,标记为L7～L12组,各组亮氨酸水平分别为15.95、17.95、19.95、21.95、23.95和25.95 g/kg(饲料干物质).每组3个重复,每个重复30尾虾,进行56 d生长实验.结果表明,凡纳滨对虾幼虾的增重率随饲料亮氨酸水平的升高而升高,当亮氨酸水平达到23.95 g/kg(L11组)时,增重率达到最高值(1143.11±36.40)％,显著高于L7组(P＜0.05);亮氨酸水平继续提高,增重率变化不显著(P＞0.05).幼虾的蛋白质效率、全虾体蛋白沉积率和血淋巴总蛋白随着饲料亮氨酸水平的升高呈现升高趋势,最高值出现在L11组,并显著高于L7组(P＜0.05).各实验组饵料系数、血淋巴谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和尿素氮含量则呈现降低的趋势,最低值出现在L11组,且显著低于L7组(P＜0.05).以增重率为指标,根据折线模型可知,低盐度条件下凡纳滨对虾幼虾的亮氨酸最适需要量为24.80 g/kg饲料,即61.99 g/kg饲料蛋白. 相似文献
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为探究仿刺参幼参对亮氨酸的最适需求量,在基础饲料中分别添加0.00%、0.80%、1.60%、2.40%、3.20%和4.00%的包膜亮氨酸,配成亮氨酸含量分别为1.29%(D1,对照组)、1.63%(D2)、1.98%(D3)、2.22%(D4)、2.58%(D5)和2.97%(D6)的6组实验饲料,饲喂初始体质量为(16.40±0.14) g的仿刺参幼参60 d。结果显示,(1)随饲料亮氨酸含量从1.29%提高到1.98%,仿刺参幼参的增重率和特定生长率显著升高,在D3组增重率达到最大值100.84%,随亮氨酸含量进一步提高,增重率和特定生长率显著降低,但D3、D4和D5组增重率和特定生长率还是显著高于对照组;(2)随饲料亮氨酸含量从1.29%提高到1.98%,仿刺参体壁的粗脂肪含量显著升高,在D3组达到最大值5.50%,且显著高于其他组,随亮氨酸含量进一步提高,仿刺参体壁粗脂肪含量显著降低,各组间水分、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量均无显著性差异;随饲料亮氨酸含量的升高,仿刺参体壁蛋氨酸含量显著提高;(3)随饲料亮氨酸含量从1.29%提高到1.98%,仿刺参肠道脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性显著提高,... 相似文献
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吉富罗非鱼亮氨酸需求量研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
实验以初始体质量为(53.65±0.05)g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼为研究对象,随机分为7个处理组(每个处理3个重复,每个重复14尾鱼),分别饲喂亮氨酸(Leu)水平为1.11%、1.51%、1.90%、2.29%、2.69%、3.08%和3.48%的7种等氮等能(粗蛋白32%)的半精制饲料56 d,旨在评价吉富罗非鱼对Leu的最适需求量。结果表明,以增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)为评价指标,通过二次回归分析可知,在投饲率为4%~6%时,罗非鱼饲料中适宜的Leu为2.28%~2.33%。随饲料Leu水平的增加,罗非鱼全鱼粗蛋白和粗脂肪、肌肉粗蛋白和粗脂肪均呈先升后降的趋势,而全鱼和肌肉水分差异不显著。罗非鱼胃蛋白酶、肠蛋白酶、肠脂肪酶、肠淀粉酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶的活性也随饲料Leu水平的升高呈先升后降趋势,除肠脂肪酶活性在2.69%水平组最高外,其他指标均在2.29%水平组达到最大值。同时,罗非鱼肠道表皮生长因子(EGF)、肠道表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血清溶菌酶(LZM)和血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)也均在Leu为2.29%水平组达到最大值。研究表明,罗非鱼(50~200 g)饲料Leu的最适需求量为2.28%~2.33%(占饲料蛋白的7.11%~7.26%),该Leu水平能显著促进肠粘膜的发育,增强胃肠消化、吸收能力和机体非特异性免疫能力,从而促进罗非鱼的生长和饲料的转化。 相似文献
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The study aimed to investigate the effects of crystalline Lys and Leu, Lys‐Leu dipeptide and Lys‐Leu‐Lys/Leu‐Lys‐Leu tripeptide, on growth, postprandial Lys and Leu concentrations, gene expression of peptide and amino acid (AA) transporters and related gene expression of protein synthesis pathway in turbot. Three diets (CAA, Di and Tri) contained Lys and Leu as free (Lys and Leu), dipeptide (Lys‐Leu) and tripeptide (Lys‐Leu‐Lys/Leu‐Lys‐Leu) forms, respectively. Improved growth was observed in the Di group compared with the CAA group. For peptide and AAs transporters, PepT1, B0AT1 and y+LAT2 mRNA levels were affected in proximal intestine by dietary treatments. Free Lys and Leu concentrations in the CAA group were significantly higher than that of the Di and Tri groups at 6 hr postfeeding in serum and at 2, 6 and 24 hr postfeeding in muscle. For protein synthesis pathway in muscle, Akt2, TOR and S6k1 gene expression were the highest in the Di group and the lowest in the CAA group, whereas MuRF1 relative expression was the highest in the Tri group. In conclusion, dietary Lys‐Leu dipeptide was utilized more efficiently than free Lys and Leu or Lys‐Leu‐Lys/Leu‐Lys‐Leu tripeptide for turbot by regulating AAs transport, postprandial AAs concentration and the synthesis of muscle proteins. 相似文献
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Dietary requirements for leucine,isoleucine and valine (branched‐chain amino acids) by juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The objective of this study was to determine the minimum dietary requirements of the branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine [Leu], isoleucine [Ile] and valine [Val]) for juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. This was accomplished by conducting three independent 49‐day feeding trials with juvenile red drum. Experimental diets were prepared by supplementing a basal diet containing 370 g/kg crude protein from red drum muscle and crystalline amino acids with incremental levels of Leu (9.0, 13.0, 17.0, 21.0, 25.0 and 29.0 g/kg of dry diet), Ile (5.0, 8.0, 11.0, 14.0, 17.0 and 20.0 g/kg of dry diet) and Val (6.8, 8.0, 9.2, 10.4, 11.6, 12.8 and 14.0 g/kg of dry diet). Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily in each trial, after which growth performance parameters were calculated and body composition and concentrations of BCAAs in plasma were analysed. Incremental levels of dietary Leu, Ile and Val significantly affected weight gain, feed efficiency and protein retention. Analyses of the weight gain data using a broken‐line regression model estimated the minimum Leu, Ile and Val requirements for maximum growth of juvenile red drum to be 15.7 ± 1.7 g/kg (±95% confidence interval), 11.1 ± 2.3 g/kg and 12.4 ± 0.6 g/kg of dry diet, respectively. 相似文献
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Álvaro José de Almeida Bicudo Ricardo Yuji Sado & José Eurico Possebon Cyrino 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(4):486-495
Haematopoiesis and blood cells' functions can be influenced by dietary concentration of nutrients. This paper studied the effects of dietary protein:energy ratio on the growth and haematology of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus . Fingerling pacu (15.5±0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent saciety with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg−1 crude protein (CP) and 10.88, 11.72, 12.55, 13.39, 14.22 MJ kg−1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 × 5 factorial scheme ( n =3). Weight gain and specific growth rate were affected ( P <0.05) by protein level only. Protein efficiency ratio decreased ( P <0.05) with increasing dietary protein at all levels of dietary energy. Daily feed intake decreased ( P <0.05) with increasing dietary energy. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was affected ( P <0.05) by DE and interaction between dietary CP and DE. Total plasma protein increased ( P <0.05) with dietary protein and energy levels. Plasma glucose decreased ( P <0.05) with increasing dietary protein. The CP requirement and optimum protein:energy ratio for weight gain of pacu fingerlings, determined using broken-line model, were 271 g kg−1 and 22.18 g CP MJ−1 DE respectively. All dietary CP and DE levels studied did not pose damages to fish health. 相似文献
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F.‐J. Liu Y.‐J. Liu L.‐X. Tian W.‐D. Chen H.‐J. Yang Z.‐Y. Du 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(3):332-340
The experiment was conducted to determine the leucine requirement of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in low‐salinity water (0.50–1.20 g L?1). Six diets were formulated to contain 410 g kg?1 crude protein with fish meal, peanut meal and precoated crystalline amino acids with different concentration of l ‐leucine (16.72, 19.60, 22.06, 24.79, 27.28 and 30.16 g kg?1 dry diet). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps (0.38 ± 0.002 g), and the feed trial lasted for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the maximum weight gain was observed at 24.95 g kg?1 dietary leucine group, whereas the diets containing higher leucine concentration conversely reduced the growth performance (P < 0.05). Moreover, the highest body protein content and body protein deposition and the lowest haemolymph AST and ALT activities were also found at 24.95 g kg?1 dietary leucine group. With the increase in leucine in diets, a dose‐dependent increase was found in body lipid content and haemolymph urea concentration. The polynomial regression calculated using weight gain, feed efficiency and body protein deposition indicated that the optimal dietary leucine requirement for L. vannamei reared in low‐salinity water was 23.73 g kg?1 leucine of dry diet, correspondingly 57.88 g kg?1 of dietary protein. 相似文献
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International Aquatic Research - Behavioral test was conducted to determine the level of food pH which was preferable by the juvenile marble goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata (50 individuals or... 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: The validity of using the RNA : DNA ratio, glycogen content, and C : N ratio in the columellar muscle as indicators of the nutritional condition in the Japanese turban shell Turbo cornutus was examined. These biochemical indices were compared between fed and starved animals. The fed animals were fed brown algae to satiation for 108 days as a control, whereas the starved animals were not fed for the first 75 days and then fed for next 33 days. All three indices declined during the starvation period, and the values for the starved group were significantly lower than those for the fed group during days 20–75. At day 108, after the re-feeding period, the indices for the starved group were found to have increased. Among the indices, only the RNA : DNA ratio for the starved males responded rapidly to starved conditions and became significantly lower even at day 4, and only the RNA : DNA ratio for the starved males and females recovered to those levels of the fed animals at day 108. The results indicated that the RNA : DNA ratio is the most rapid indicator of nutritional stress among the three indices. However, it is recommended that glycogen content and C : N ratio be used in addition to the RNA : DNA ratio for monitoring the health of T. cornutus as the RNA : DNA ratio showed large variations. 相似文献
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利用半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther）性别连锁微卫星标记scaffold1128343和性腺组织切片的方法,研究半滑舌鳎8个普通家系和养殖场雄性亲鱼遗传性别与性逆转情况。首先,8个普通家系（28、30、38、39、40、44、57、69）遗传性别检测结果显示,遗传雌性比例最低为39家系（37.93%）,最高为38家系和40家系（55.00%）。对其中4个家系（28、39、44、57）的两次遗传性别比例检测结果对比发现,家系间遗传雌性比例存在差异。其次,对4个家系（28、39、44、57）和养殖场雄性亲鱼的遗传与表型性别鉴定结果表明,不同家系表型雌鱼比例为18.75%46.88%,低于各家系的遗传雌性比例,不同家系间自然性逆转率存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。研究还发现,繁育场所用的普通雄性亲鱼中平均有28.42%的伪雄鱼。本研究结果表明,自然性逆转现象在半滑舌鳎养殖群体中普遍存在,半滑舌鳎不同家系的表型雌鱼比例存在显著差异,这为培育半滑舌鳎高雌性苗种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为探究培养条件对坛紫菜叶状体生长和单性生殖发生的影响,研究了不同光强、温度和N/P比下坛紫菜叶状体的生长及单性生殖发生的特点。结果显示,当光强为10～40μmol/(m2·s)时,藻体生长缓慢、成熟晚、单性生殖发生晚;光强增至60～80μmol/(m2·s)时,藻体生长加快,成熟和单性生殖发生同时提前。温度为17～20°C时,藻体生长慢、成熟晚、单性生殖发生推迟;23°C时藻体生长最快;而29°C组的藻体虽然生长受到抑制,但藻体成熟和单性生殖发生得到促进。N/P比为16∶1处理组的叶状体比其他处理组(1∶1、4∶1、32∶1和64∶1)均生长变快,N/P比为64∶1时叶状体生长最慢,但易成熟、易发生单性生殖。因此,在高光强、高温和高N/P比下,藻体成熟和单性生殖发生均提早,说明这些因素对坛紫菜叶状体单性生殖的发生有重要影响。 相似文献
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Three approximately isoenergetic (17 kJ g?1) diets were formulated with dietary protein levels of 270, 360 and 480 g kg?1 (DM basis) providing protein-to-energy ratios of 15.69, 20.48 and 27.16 mg crude protein (CP) kJ?1, respectively. The effects of these diets on several growth and nutritional parameters were evaluated for the fry (2.50 ± 0.184 g) and fingerlings (11.53 ± 0.023 g) of Siganus canaliculatus (Park). Maximum growth and best feed utilization efficiency of fry were obtained using the diet containing 480 g kg?1 protein and P:E ratio of 27.16 mg CP kJ?1. For fingerlings the best results were obtained with the diet containing 360 g kg?1 protein and P:E ratio of 20.48 mg CP kJ. Body composition of the fry was not affected by the feeding regime whilst the effect was evident in the fingerling groups. The carcass protein content of the fingerling was observed to increase with increasing P:E ratios while lipid content decreased as P:E increased. 相似文献
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Triplicate groups of juvenile American eel, Anguilla rostrata, initial weight 8.2 ± 0.24 g, were fed to satiation herring meal based diets formulated with digestible protein/digestible energy (DP/DE) ratios of 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 g DP MJ DE?1 (as‐fed basis) for 84 days. Data were collected to determine the effect of dietary DP/DE ratio on feed intake (FI), mean weight (MW), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), apparent digestibility (AD) of major nutrients, rate of phosphate excretion (RPE) and nutrient retention efficiency (RE). Highest MW, SGR and lowest FCR (P < 0.05) were achieved by feeding 22 g DP MJ DE?1 with values (mean ± SE) of 22.9 ± 0.07 g fish?1, 1.23 ± 0.033% day?1 and 0.91 ± 0.075 g feed g gain?1, respectively. With exception of lipid, digestibility of all nutrients were the same (P > 0.05) with mean AD coefficients for organic matter, protein, energy and phosphorous of 86.3, 94.1, 89.2 and 34.7%, respectively. Lipid AD was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when DP/DE ratio was 21, 22 or 23 g DP MJ DE?1 at 92.3% as opposed to when DP/DE ratio was 19 or 20 g DP MJ DE?1 at 90.3%. The DP/DE ratio had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on RPE and it averaged 0.05 ± 0.002 g phosphate kg fish?1 day?1. Nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) significantly (P < 0.05) increased as DP/DE ratio increased to 21 g DP MJ DE?1 and was similar thereafter (P > 0.05) at an average of 31.6 ± 0.67%. Energy retention efficiency (ERE) significantly (P < 0.05) increased to 42.9 ± 1.24% as DP/DE ratio increased to 22 g DP MJ DE?1 and thereafter significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Lipid retention efficiency (LRE) increased significantly (P < 0.05) to 75.7 ± 0.85% as dietary DP/DE ratio increased to 23 g DP MJ DE?1. Non‐linear quadratic regression of ERE against dietary DP/DE ratio yielded an estimated optimum DP/DE ratio for juvenile American eel of 22.1 g DP MJ DE?1. 相似文献
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Aquaculture International - The world population continues to increase day by day. Therefore, aquaculture needs to grow in order to response the need for protein foods and to cope with the problem... 相似文献
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《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,251(2-4):231-237
This paper reports a study on the progeny sex-ratio distribution in the Florida red tilapia. This hybrid originated as a cross between O. mossambicus male and O. urolepis hornorum female, which was then crossed with O. niloticus and O. aureus in order to improve its growth rate and its resistance to low temperature. We have studied the sex-ratio of 111 progenies from 46 females and 12 males, where the male percentage varied between 5% to 89%. The analysis of distribution showed three groups characterised by a mean male percentage of 26.7 ± 9.8; 50.0 ± 8.9 and 70.3 ± 5.5%. The stability of sex ratios in repeated single pair matings and the parental influence on progeny sex ratios obtained are in agreement with a polygenic basis of sex determination in this complex hybrid. 相似文献