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1.
新型水稻田除草剂SIOC0172的作用特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用常规生测方法研究水稻田除草剂SIOC0172的吸收传导性、耐雨水冲刷性、施药适期和温度对其除草活性的影响等.结果表明,SIOC0172可以通过胚芽、胚根、根、茎、叶各部位的吸收进入植物体内,以向上传导为主;SIOC0172药后不同时间淋雨处理的玉米鲜重抑制率为85%～98%,具有一定抗雨水冲刷能力;该药剂最佳施用时期为杂草1～4叶期和水稻5叶期以上,施药适期较宽;温度变化对该药剂活性的影响较小,在15～35℃温度范围内的ED50值为0.50～1.01 mg/L.表明SIOC0172内吸传导性好、不同环境条件下药效发挥稳定和使用时期较长. 相似文献
2.
为明确啶菌噁唑(SYP-Z048)在植物体内的吸收传导特性及其在植物根部的吸收方式,于番茄幼苗根部或叶部施药后,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分别测定了啶菌噁唑在根、茎、叶中的积累量;向含啶菌噁唑的培养液中分别添加羰基氰-间-氯苯腙、葡萄糖或色氨酸,以及在不同温度和pH条件下,分别测定了番茄幼苗根部对啶菌噁唑的吸收量及地上部分药剂积累量的变化。结果表明:50、100和200 mg/L啶菌噁唑处理番茄幼苗根部2 h后,在根部和茎部检测到目标药剂的含量分别为78.8、208.0、283.7μg/(g FW)和0.2、6.9、10.3μg/(g FW);16 h后,100 mg/L以上浓度处理组药剂可到达植株叶部;于中部叶片施加≥500 mg/mL的啶菌噁唑后72~124 h内,虽然在茎中未检测到药剂,但在根和上、下部叶片中均可检测到,表明药剂可在叶间传导转运至整个植株。不同浓度的羰基氰-间-氯苯腙、葡萄糖和色氨酸,以及低温条件和pH值等因子对番茄幼苗根部吸收药剂量和地上部分药剂积累量的影响与对照相比均无显著差异。研究表明,啶菌噁唑在番茄植株体内具有明显的向顶传导性及一定的向基传导性,同时其内吸传导过程以被动吸收占主导。 相似文献
3.
为明确新化合物O,O-二甲基-1-(2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酰氧基)呋喃甲基膦酸酯(HIA-1)的开发应用前景, 对其除草活性、杀草谱、对作物的安全性、施药适期、吸收部位进行了综合评价。温室盆栽试验结果表明:该化合物在有效成分用量为600 g/hm2剂量下对苘麻、反枝苋、马齿苋等常见阔叶杂草具有较高的除草活性,茎叶处理后防效在90%以上;在有效成分用量为1 600 g/hm2剂量下对小麦、玉米较安全,鲜重抑制率分别为9.06%和12.04%,对棉花、花生、大豆和油菜有明显的药害;使用适期为杂草2~3叶期。活性炭隔离和植株茎叶喷雾、灌根试验结果表明,该化合物可通过胚芽、胚根、根、茎、叶吸收进入植物体内。化合物HIA-1具有作为小麦和玉米田阔叶杂草防除药剂进一步开发应用的价值。 相似文献
4.
5.
田间药效试验结果表明,10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂对葡萄霜霉病有很好的防治效果,有效浓度33.3~50mg/kg,用药2次,末次施药后14d对葡萄霜霉病的防效均在89%以上,明显高于250g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂有效浓度166.7mg/kg处理的防效,是防治葡萄灰霉病较为理想药剂,对作物安全。 相似文献
6.
336 g/L苯唑草酮SC具有安全性高、作用速度快、使用剂量低、使用适期长、兼容性好等特点.可安全应用于甜玉米、糯玉米等各类玉米田有效防除一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草.杂草3～4叶期施药,适宜施用剂量为30.24～45.36 g a.i./hm2(商品量90～135 mL/hm2);杂草6～8叶期施药,适宜施用剂量为45.36～60.48ga.i./hm2(商品量135 ～ 180 mL/hm2).336 g/L苯唑草酮SC可与莠去津混用,以扩大杀草谱,提高防效.使用时加入助剂MSO可提高防效,降低使用剂量.苯唑草酮对油菜、豌豆、青菜、大豆等后茬作物安全. 相似文献
7.
建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）测定氟唑菌苯胺在小麦植株中内吸传导特性的方法;定量分析了在小麦根部和叶部施药2种处理方式下氟唑菌苯胺进入植株后的分布和累积情况。植株样品前处理采用QuEChERS法,在反相色谱柱C18（100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm）上,以0.1%甲酸水和乙腈为流动相,利用梯度洗脱,正离子电离（ESI+）,采用多反应离子监测模式（MRM）进行定性和定量。用基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明:在0.5~100 μg/L内,氟唑菌苯胺的质量浓度与对应的峰面积间线性关系良好,线性回归方程为y = 12 808.4x + 308.518（r = 0.999 8）。在0.005、0.05和0.1 mg/kg添加水平下,氟唑菌苯胺在小麦植株中的回收率为92%~126%,相对标准偏差为0.50%~9.1%;以3倍信噪比计算,方法检出限为0.037 μg/kg;最低添加浓度为0.005 mg/kg。研究结果表明,氟唑菌苯胺于小麦植株根部施用后,可迅速在根部吸收并向茎部传导,且随处理浓度增大,药剂在不同部位的累积量增加;随处理后时间延长,药剂在不同部位的累积表现为先快速吸收而后缓慢平衡。其中以0.01 mg/L氟唑菌苯胺经根部施药2 h后,药剂在根、茎和叶中含量分别为10.4、0.6和0.3 μg/kg;氟唑菌苯胺经叶部单叶片施药后,亦可快速被叶片吸收,并可跨叶传导至其他叶片,进而在茎部和根部累积。随处理后时间延长,施药叶片药剂快速下降并达到平衡,其他植株部位药剂快速累积并达到平衡。其中以200 mg/L的氟唑菌苯胺经第2片叶施用20 μL,2 h后氟唑菌苯胺在根和茎中的含量分别为109.0和148.0 μg/kg,在第3片叶和旗叶中的含量分别为904.0和112.6 μg/kg。 相似文献
8.
30%螺虫乙酯·噻虫嗪SC防治柑橘木虱的田间药效试验结果表明,在柑橘木虱发生初期施用30%螺虫乙酯·噻虫嗪SC,施药后10d,试验药剂浓度为50mg/kg、60mg/kg和75mg/kg对柑橘木虱的防效分别达到74.41%、79.36%和91.77%,均有较好的防治效果,且试验药剂对柑橘安全,推荐使用浓度为75mg/kg。 相似文献
9.
采用5%阿维菌素EC 330mg/kg、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC 500mg/kg、40%辛硫磷EC 1 250mg/kg、80%敌百虫SL1 250mg/kg、80%敌敌畏EC 1 000mg/kg、40%毒死蜱EC 500mg/kg共6种药剂处理对莲雾铜绿金龟子进行田间药效试验,结果表明:2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC、40%辛硫磷EC、80%敌百虫SL、80%敌敌畏EC、40%毒死蜱EC速效性较好,施药后1d防治效果达92%以上,5%阿维菌素EC稍差,防治效果只有86.78%;施药后7d,6种药剂处理防治效果均达94%以上。上述药剂在生产应用上可轮换或混配用于防治铜绿金龟子。 相似文献
10.
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
13.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
14.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
15.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
16.
F. K. Crutcher M. A. Henry‐Gregory H. H. Wilkinson S. E. Duke T. Wheeler C. M. Kenerley 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):839-847
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population. 相似文献
17.
Pedro W. Crous J.Z. Groenewald Walter Gams 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(8):841-850
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov. 相似文献
18.
Dr. M. Schulte 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2005,57(2-3):37-46
Zusammenfassung Herbizidresistente Kulturpflanzen nehmen unter den derzeit weltweit angebauten gentechnisch veränderten Ackerbaukulturen Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Raps und Mais den weit überwiegenden Anteil ein. Als Ursachen für die rasche Zunahme der Anbauflächen herbizidresistenter Sorten sind unter anderem die Unzulänglichkeiten der für diese Kulturen bestehenden Herbizidlösungen sowie die Zunahme der pfluglosen Bestellverfahren zu sehen. Im Gegenzug hat die Minimalbodenbearbeitung aufgrund der Einführung der Herbizidresistenztechnologie, insbesondere in Sojabohne, ein ausgeprägtes Flächenwachstum erfahren.Als Entscheidungskriterien für die Wahl des Unkrautbekämpfungssystems unter Einbezug des Anbaus herbizidresistenter oder konventioneller Sorten lassen sich aus den Erfahrungen der vergangenen 8 Jahre anführen: Sortenleistung, erhöhte Kulturverträglichkeit und zeitliche Anwendungsflexibilität, Wirkungssicherheit einer Nachauflaufbehandlung in Trockenregionen, Wirkungsbreite, Wirkungsdauer und Bekämpfung resistenter Unkrautbiotypen. Aufgrund fehlender Zulassungen und Kennzeichnungsvorschriften in wichtigen Exportmärkten sind für den Anbau transgener Sorten in Übersee auch Vermarktungseinschränkungen sowie für den Anbau in Europa Haftungs- und Koexistenzregeln wichtige einzelbetriebliche Entscheidungsparameter.Fortschritte erfährt die Herbizidresistenztechnologie kurz- und mittelfristig in der Weiterentwicklung bereits praktizierter Spritzfolgen und Tankmischungen zu Fertigformulierungen der Komplementärherbizide mit residualen Partnern. Zur Bekämpfung und Vorbeugung der Ausbreitung neuer herbizidresistenter Biotypen werden die Komplementärherbizide mit Partnern anderer Wirkungsmechanismen kombiniert. Weitere Entwicklungen sind die Kombination verschiedener transgener Merkmale mit der Herbizidresistenz sowie die Ausweitung von den derzeit dominierenden Kulturen auf weltweit weniger bedeutsame Kulturen, in denen die Entwicklung neuer konventioneller Herbizidwirkstoffe bisher wenig erfolgreich war oder im Verhältnis zum Aufwand nur bedingt attraktiv ist. Für die langfristige Entwicklung könnte die Plastidentransformation zur Verhinderung einer unerwünschten Ausbreitung transgener Merkmale Bedeutung erlangen. 相似文献
19.
P. Oyarzun M. Gerlagh A. E. Hoogland 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):23-33
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots.
F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization. 相似文献
20.
R. A. Daamen C. J. Langerak W. Stol 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(2):105-114
Data from surveys of winter wheat fields in the period 1974–1986 and of seed lots in the period 1962–1986 and identifications of diseases on plant samples were compiled to describe the occurrence of snow mould (Monographella nivalis) andFusarium spp. On average,M. nivalis dominated overFusarium spp. The complex ofFusarium spp. constituted mainly ofF. culmorum, followed byF. avenaceum andF. graminearum. M. nivalis was dominant in May on stem-bases and in July on leaves and leaf sheaths. On seedsM. nivalis predominated only in years with low temperatures in July and August.Average brown footrot infection in the field was 4% tillers in May and 5% culms in July. Brown footrot intensity in July was high in cropping seasons with high precipitation in October and with low temperatures in October, November and December. In July during the early eighties, an average of 8% of leaves and 6% of flag leaf sheaths were infected byM. nivalis. Average ear blight incidence was 1.2% glumes infected. Seed contamination by these pathogens averaged 16% in the years 1962–1986. The contamination was high in years with high precipitation in June, July and August. Aspects of cv. resistance and yield loss are illustrated. 相似文献