共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 23 毫秒
1.
The objectives of this review are to analyse the potential of bioenergy crops development in European agriculture and to identify research objectives based on transformation technologies. Bioenergy is the chemical energy stored in organic material, which can be directly converted into useful energy sources by biological, mechanical or thermochemical processes. The substitution of food crops with energy crops and the demand for agricultural raw materials for liquid biofuel production will affect agriculture over the next decade and possibly beyond. It is expected that both second-generation biofuel production technology and energy crops used will be more efficient than first-generation. Nonetheless, there are still technical limitations for crop growth and fuel production from second-generation technology. In general, many of the crops that could supply the raw materials for second-generation biofuels are largely undomesticated and are in the first stages of development and management. The development of specific crops dedicated to energy has been proposed as a strategy to produce energy without affecting food security and the environment. The research seeks to develop enzymatic systems for the cost-efficient decomposition of cellulose into its molecular sugar components, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. This biorefinery of crops into multiple products, including energy, chemical products and materials, will augment the overall value of the biomass. Clearly, multidisciplinary research is necessary to address sustainable biofuel production. 相似文献
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The schemes of domestic water supply for a residential quarter of high-rise building are introduced.The energy consumptions of water supply schemes selected are compared and analyzed.The energy saving of the water supply schemes with water tank and variable velocity variable frequency pump are obtained.And demonstrated the domestic water supply system of combination the roof water tank and variable velocity variable frequency pump is good at energy saving.Furthermore,by the comparison of the investment and cost of these schemes in their lives,the best choice of domestic water supply system is gained. 相似文献
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中国农村生物质能发展现状与对策 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
阐述了中国农村发展生物质能源的意义,分析了发展现状和今后以生物质发电、沼气工程、生物液体燃料和生物质固体成型燃料为重点的发展领域,以及在做好农村生物质能源调查、全面系统研究的基础上,加强规划、技术攻关、部门合作和宣传教育,实现生物质能源发展的预期目标。 相似文献
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Molecular markers in Brassica oilseed breeding: current status and future possibilities 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
As PCR techniques have developed over the last 15 years, a wealth of new DNA marker technologies have arisen which have enabled the generation of high‐density molecular maps for all the major Brassica crop species. Molecular markers have also been heavily used in analyses of genetic diversity in Brassica crops. The majority of the work utilizing molecular markers in Brassica oilseed breeding has to date been based on genetic mapping using various DNA marker systems in segregating populations generated for specific investigations of particular traits of interest. For numerous qualitative traits, traditional mapping approaches have led to the development of marker‐assisted selection strategies in oilseed Brassica breeding, and in some cases to map‐based cloning of the responsible genes. For quantitative traits, however, it has become apparent that traditional mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is often not sufficient to develop effective markers for trait introgression or for identification of the genes responsible. In this case, allele‐trait association studies in non‐structured genetic populations represent an interesting new approach, provided the degree of gametic phase disequilibrium between the QTL and the marker loci is sufficient. Because Brassica species represent the closest crop plant relatives to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, significant progress will be achieved in the coming years through integration of candidate gene approaches in crop brassicas, using the detailed information now available for the Arabidopsis genome. Integration of information from the model plant with the increasing supply of data from physical mapping and sequencing of the diploid Brassica genomes will undoubtedly give great insight into the genetics underlying both simple and complex traits in oilseed rape. This review describes the current use of available genetic marker technologies in oilseed rape breeding and provides an outlook for use of new technologies, including single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers, candidate gene approaches and allele‐trait association studies. 相似文献
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智能生物颗粒燃料燃烧机在烟叶烘烤中的应用效果研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为了实现烟叶烘烤环节减工降本,利用生物质颗粒燃料代替煤炭作燃料,采用智能生物颗粒燃料燃烧机,对密集式烤房进行简单改造,与普通密集式烤房做烟叶烘烤对比试验。通过分别装烤同一生长地、同一品种、生长正常、叶片部位相同、成熟度基本一致的鲜烟叶进行烘烤对比,同时选择同一烘烤工艺;以烘烤时间、能耗成本、烟叶外观质量为研究指标,评价烟叶烘烤效果。结果表明,采用新型生物质燃料热风炉供热烤房在烘烤管理时间上节省21.7 h,燃料成本比煤多出188.72元/烤,耗电成本节省了16.06元/烤,人工成本节省216元/烤,上中等烟比例提高了3.01个百分点,均价提高了0.77元/斤。智能生物颗粒燃料燃烧机供热点火简单,自动进燃料,燃烧完全彻底,省去了烘烤加煤、出渣等繁琐费力劳动,管理方便,易清理维护,一定程度上提高烟叶外观质量和内在品质,同时降低了对环境的污染。 相似文献
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For the open-loop surface water source heat pump systems, energy consumption of water supply is the key factor for energy saving of system. On the basis of energy consumption model of heat pump unit and energy consumption model of water supply etc., open-loop surface water source heat pump system energy efficiency ratio coupling model is established. Based on energy efficiency ratio,the coupling limit value of surface water source heat pump system in different temperature of water supply and different energy consumption of water supply is obtained.Through the actual case, energy saving rate of the system is calculated in different temperatures of water supply and different system modes. And the determination method of the limit energy consumption of water supply of open-loop surface water source heatpump systems is established. 相似文献
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The demands for increasing global crop production have prompted the development of new approaches relying on molecular marker
technologies to investigate and improve the plant genome. The merits of molecular markers make them valuable tools in a range
of research areas. This review describes novel approaches based on modern molecular marker technologies for characterization
and utilization of genetic variation for wheat improvement. Large-scale genome characterization by DNA-fingerprinting has
revealed no declining trends in the molecular genetic diversity in wheat as a consequence of modern intensive breeding thus
opposing the genetic ‘erosion’ hypothesis. A great number of important major genes and quantitative trait loci have been mapped
with molecular markers. Marker-assisted selection based on a tight linkage between a marker allele and a gene(s) governing
a qualitative or quantitative trait is gaining considerable importance as it facilitates and accelerates cultivar improvement
through precise transfer of chromosome regions carrying the gene of interest. The implementations of molecular markers in
wheat genotyping, mapping and breeding complemented by specific approaches associated with the complex polyploid nature of
common wheat are analyzed and presented. 相似文献
10.
This paper puts forward a new way in air_conditioning,which combines the fresh_air supply unit and such floor radiation system for the dehumidication and cooling in summer or heating in winter. By analyzing its advantages and limitations, it is found that this so called Cooling/Heating Floor AC System can improve the IAQ of residential building while keep high efficiency quality. It is also recommended that an methodology for the HVAC system designing,which will ensure the reduction of energy cost of users. 相似文献
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Discussion about Saving Energy in Refrigeratory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Food refrigeration is regarded as a high energy consuming trade. Under the long period system of state operated enterprise,there are many phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy. Energy consuming is not very clear for production.Consuming in our country is far more than the international standard and there is a distance between the middle_westland and the eastland. As a enterprise that faces the international market,it is important for it to strength the management so that the cost can be reduced. Considering those phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy in refrigeratory at present, some measures such as improved the unreasonable operation process, strengthening the energy management and automation to realize automatizing operation are improved to reduce the cost for refrigeratory trades. 相似文献
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为更好的研究燃气供能用于烟叶烘烤效果,比较燃气和燃煤2种不同供能方式对烤房温度和烟叶烘烤质量的影响,并对2个处理进行烘烤能耗分析。结果表明,较燃煤处理,燃气供能处理的烤房温度能迅速达到设置温度,在一定时间稳温性能优于燃煤处理,可缩短烘烤时间;燃气处理能减少干物质损失,有效的提高烟叶单叶重、均价和烟叶质量,降低淀粉含量,燃气处理的中、上部烟叶淀粉含量分别为燃煤处理的55.4%、70.7%,且能显著提高茄酮和β-大马酮香气成分含量。燃气处理节约了烘烤成本,中、上部烟叶干烟节约能耗成本分别为1.03 元/kg、0.95元/kg。 相似文献
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热风与远红外组合加热式蔬菜脱水机的改进设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对现有远红外蔬菜脱水机存在的易将表层物料烤黄、水分排除不及时及干燥物料厚度有限等问题,采用热风与远红外辐射相结合的组合干燥技术方案,对现有设备进行改造。改进后的设备引风管和供风管的连接管直径自上而下依次减小,即供给各层干燥箱的热风量和从各层干燥箱的引风量自上而下也相应地减小,满足了各层干燥箱对风量的不同需求。对比试验结果表明,采用热风与远红外组合干燥技术,解决了现有设备存在的问题,提高了脱水速率、干燥质量和能源利用率。 相似文献
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Solar heating system is a promising sustainable energy source for buildings. Simulation models using EnergyPlus and TRNSYS were used to optimize the solar heating building enclose thermal insulation. The sensitive analysis of active solar heating system design parameters and energy consumption was conducted to study the influence of building envelope thermal performance on the active solar heating system. The two object functions, investing cost and lift time cost, were used to optimize the building envelope insulation. The results show that not only the energy consumption can be reduced by increasing the building envelope thermal performance, but also can minimize the investing cost. 相似文献
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在城市建筑节能研究中,政府常常依赖城市能源与碳排放模型工具制定并评估节能策略。而当前的城市建筑能耗模型受限于开发技术等因素,尚存在诸多不足,例如,考虑人行为对建筑能耗的影响,建立行为、日常活动及与环境相关的综合能耗模型。关于此类模型合理的数学形式、参数选择的方法以及不同行为的模拟方式等问题还尚待进一步研究。采用多主体（Multi-Agent）建模技术,设计集成建筑能耗模型,以住区中的居民作为模型中活动的主体,模拟使用者行为习惯、活动对建筑能耗的影响;采用ISO 13790标准模拟建筑的供热和降温需求,并在集成环境中设计统一的描述框架,以相对独立的环境模拟、行为模拟模块形式进行交互,实现热环境模拟和基于主体活动的设备能耗模拟的有机结合。研究表明,住区居民的用能行为是影响城市建筑能耗密度变化的重要因素,实现对住区主体行为特征的引导是实现城市建筑节能目标的有效途径。 相似文献
16.
In order to solve the scheduling problem of frequent distribution of a little goods in one batch between regions in logistics system, We use time slices to manage orders, thus disassembling, combining orders and optimizing the planning to cut the cost. A product-scheduling model in region distribution is presented based on the retailing chain system. A method is presented which spends little cost on logistics plans under constraint conditions (time constraint conditions and space constraint conditions) by using combination and optimizing based on the three layers framework of distribution center, region distribution center and retail shop. The simulation result shows that the model and algorithm is indeed effective to solve the supply problems in multicommodity or multi-shop. 相似文献
17.
Zhang Zongyi Zhao Jianbao 《保鲜与加工》1996,(5):88-94
In this paper,a probabilistic production simulation for the joint dispatch of multi area interconnected power system is presented.The method evaluates the expected unserved energy of the joint dispatch system and further the other basic simulation indices,based on the probability density function of the unit available capacity and the multi area demand supply feasibility conditions,and the detail is showed by a four areas case. 相似文献
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木质纤维素生物质预处理技术的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
预处理技术是利用木质纤维素生物质制取燃料乙醇的关键技术,该技术的改进和完善可提高纤维素的水解率,进而降低燃料乙醇的生产成本。笔者从预处理的必要性出发,综述了物理法、物理-化学法、化学法和生物法预处理木质纤维素生物质技术的国内外研究进展,对各种技术的处理效果进行了分析和总结,并对预处理技术的发展提出了展望和建议。 相似文献
19.
It is very important to adopt a new index to evaluate me ratinality of energy consumption effectively, at the time to make great effort to reduce the energy consumption in water supply system. Current index of unit electricity consumption and integrated unit electricity consumption to assess the rationality of the energy consumption of the whole water supply system in our country cant be used to compare from landscape orientation. Aiming at the case, an index of efficiency is put forward on the base of analysis of the minimum energy that the water transportation in water supply system needs. According to the analysis of the index, the function to compare the energy consumption of different whole water supply systems of the index is proved. 相似文献
20.
The use of emergency backup and storage facilities to supplement existing facilities in response to the potential effects of various natural and anthropogenic hazards (e.g., floods, fires, outages, and acts of malice) can be an effective way of reducing vulnerability and enhancing the resilience of supply chain and other logistics functions. Although there can be additional costs associated with utilizing emergency backup and storage facilities, they can be a particularly attractive and cost‐effective alternative in those cases where long‐term disruptions can, or should, be expected. In this paper we use set cover location modeling as a decision to determine the number of backup facilities to locate under varying cover, anticover, and complementary anticover distances. We then add the flexibility of allowing existing facilities to serve as backup facilities and explore the interrelationships among hazards, vulnerability, and location. Finally, these model formulations are applied to an example data set over 900 cities and towns in New England and New York. 相似文献