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1.
In vitro syntheses of ectomycorrhizas of Pinus patula, P. pseudostrobus, P. oocarpa and P. elliotii with Amanita muscaria, Laccaria fraterna, L. laccata, Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon luteolus, Scleroderma citrinum and Thelephora terrestris were attempted. Most of the fungi initiated mycorrhizal formation within 2 weeks after inoculation. Laccaria fraterna and S. citrinum formed mycorrhizas after 6 weeks of inoculation. Amanita muscaria failed to form mycorrhizas during the 12 week period of observation. The degree of colonization of different mycorrhizal fungi varied with different species of Pinus. 相似文献
2.
《Forest Ecology and Management》1988,24(2):151-157
Seedlings of hybrid eucalypts (Eucalyptus urophylla × E. kirtoniana) were grown in the nursery in polythene bags filled with a formalin-fumigated sandy soil and inoculated with mycelial cultures of five ectomycorrhizal fungi: Pisolithus tinctorius, Scleroderma aurantium, S. texense, S. dictyosporum and Hebeloma cylindrosporum. The plants were then outplanted in a nutrient-poor acidic sandy savanna soil, to compare with control plants grown in the same conditions, but not inoculated and infected by a native type of ectomycorrhiza. Three of the introduced fungi formed mycorrhizas and stimulated the growth of the trees; the most efficient (P. tinctorius) increased volume production by 30% at 50 months. The fact that introduced mycorrhizas had disappeared by that time indicates that inoculation with fungal strains better adapted to the site could tremendously increase eucalypt production in the Cargo. 相似文献
3.
We studied the ability of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch and Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (Strain H), to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and to affect the formation and growth of roots on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. Effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the auxin transport inhibitor, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), on rooting and the cutting-fungus interaction were also studied. Both fungi produced IAA in the absence of exogenous tryptophan, but the mycelium and culture filtrate of Pisolithus tinctorius contained higher concentrations of free and conjugated IAA than the mycelium and culture filtrate of Paxillus involutus. Inoculation with either fungus or short-term application of culture filtrate of either fungus to the base of hypocotyl cuttings enhanced root formation. Inoculation with either fungus was even more effective in enhancing root formation than treatment of the hypocotyl bases with IBA. Fungal IAA production was not directly correlated with root formation, because rooting was enhanced more by Paxillus involutus than by Pisolithus tinctorius. This suggests that, in addition to IAA, other fungal components play an important role in root formation. Treatment with 5 microM TIBA increased the rooting percentage of non-inoculated cuttings, as well as of cuttings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius, perhaps as a result of accumulation of IAA at the cutting base. However, the marked reduction in growth of Pisolithus tinctorius in the presence of TIBA suggests that the effects of TIBA on rooting are complicated and not solely related to IAA metabolism. The high IAA-producer, Pisolithus tinctorius, formed mycorrhizas, and the IBA treatment increased mycorrhizal frequency in this species, whereas TIBA decreased it. Paxillus involutus did not form mycorrhizas, indicating that a low concentration of IAA together with other fungal components were sufficient to stimulate formation and growth of the roots, but not the formation of ECM symbiosis. 相似文献
4.
外生菌根菌对巨桉人工林土壤理化性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该文调查了四川乐山沙湾、眉山丹棱巨桉人工林下外生菌根菌土,测定了土壤养分情况。结果表明：两地所采集的菌根土的理化指标与对照相比有明显变化,样地Ⅰ菌根土pH值显著高于对照土,有机质含量与对照相比并不显著,样地ⅡpH值显著低于对照,而有机质含量明显高于对照;两样地菌根土的全N、水解N、全P和有效P含量均显著高于对照;大孢硬皮马勃的菌根土全K含量与对照相比并不显著,彩色豆马勃和马勃状硬皮马勃的菌根土全K含量均显著低于对照（P〈0.05）;样地Ⅰ菌根土速效K含量与对照差异不显著,样地Ⅱ菌根土速效K含量显著低于对照。由此可见,巨桉外生菌根真菌对提高巨桉人工林的土壤肥力,维护人工林地力具有一定作用。 相似文献
5.
几种森林大型真菌纯培养菌种的RAPD及ITS分子标记鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以采自野外的4对外生菌根菌和1对木腐菌的子实体及其各自的组织分离菌株作为研究材料,运用RAPD分子标记来分析组织分离菌株与子实体间的亲缘关系,通过PCR产物克隆测序比较二者的ITS碱基序列差异,最终对组织分离菌株是否为其纯培养菌种作出判定.RAPD分析结果表明,彩色豆马勃、白乳菇以及缘盖牛肝菌的子实体及其组织分离菌株分别在0.949、0.953以及0.969的Dice相似系数水平上聚为一类,而正红菇、香杯伞的子实体及其分离菌株仅在0.04和0.08的Dice相似系数水平上聚为一类.ITS序列测定分析结果显示,彩色豆马勃、白乳菇以及缘盖牛肝菌子实体与其各自组织分离菌株的ITS片段在长度和碱基序列上完全一致,而正红菇、香杯伞子实体与其各自分离菌株具有数量和长度均不同的ITS片段.RAPD分析结果与ITS分析结果相互支持,表明彩色豆马勃、白乳菇以及缘盖牛肝菌的组织分离菌株为其纯培养菌种,而正红菇、香杯伞的组织分离菌株并非其纯培养菌种,RAPD和ITS二种分子标记的结合运用可以更加高效准确地鉴定出外生菌根菌组织分离菌株是否为其纯培养菌种.ITS分析结果还提示正红菇、香杯伞子实体内可能存在多种伴生菌. 相似文献
6.
At germination, container-grown shortleaf pine seedlings were inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch or left uninoculated, and both groups were fertilized semiweekly with a modified Hoagland's solution supplemented with 0 or 0.4 mM boric acid. After 12, 16 and 24 weeks, seedling root tissue was analyzed for ectomycorrhizal colonization, phenolic concentration and phenoloxidase activity. In addition, phenoloxidase activity was assayed in P. tinctorius that had been cultured in a liquid medium containing boric acid. Inoculation with P. tinctorius increased the root phenolic concentration of 16- and 24-week-old seedlings, and increased root phenoloxidase activity in 12-, 16- and 24-week-old seedlings. Fertilization with boric acid reduced the phenolic concentration of P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae after 24 weeks. Although boric acid fertilization did not affect the phenoloxidase activity of 12-, 16- and 24-week-old inoculated roots, or that of 16- and 24-week-old uninoculated roots, it increased the phenoloxidase activity of P. tinctorius grown in vitro and 12-week-old uninoculated roots. We conclude that boric acid fertilization influences the phenolic relations of the shortleaf pine-P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizal association, possibly through a boric acid-induced increase in phenoloxidase activity. 相似文献
7.
8.
Cumming JR 《Tree physiology》1993,13(2):173-187
The association of ectomycorrhizal fungi with tree roots enhances the acquisition of phosphorus (P) from the soil. In addition to increasing the uptake of H(2)PO(4) (-) (P(i)), mycorrhizal fungi may increase the spectrum of P sources utilized by tree roots by mediating the dissolution of insoluble metallophosphate salts or the hydrolysis of organic P compounds. To investigate the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in enhancing P acquisition by tree roots, pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) seedlings were grown in sand culture with or without the ectomycorrhizal symbiont Pisolithus tinctorius Coker and Couch under various conditions of P limitation. Compared with nonmycorrhizal seedlings, seedlings inoculated with P. tinctorius exhibited a greater capacity to function under P limitation as evidenced by superior growth and the maintenance of normal foliar ion composition at low P(i) concentrations. Nonmycorrhizal seedlings subjected to P-limiting conditions exhibited depressed K and P and elevated Na concentrations in foliage. The association of P. tinctorius with pitch pine seedling roots maintained foliar K concentrations and prevented the accumulation of Na under P limitation. Nonmycorrhizal seedlings were unable to obtain P from either solid AlPO(4) or inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), whereas seedlings inoculated with P. tinctorius utilized AlPO(4), but not IHP as a P source. Root surface acid phosphatase (APase) activity was depressed in roots infected with the mycorrhizal symbiont and was negatively correlated with seedling growth on all P sources. Root APase activity was negatively correlated with foliar P concentrations in seedlings grown on P(i), but was not correlated with foliar P concentrations in seedlings cultured with AlPO(4) or IHP. 相似文献
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10.
1998～1999年在田间条件下布置了毛白杨VA菌根(包括根内球囊霉菌和单孢球囊霉菌)与外生菌根硬皮马勃混合接种试验.结果表明接种菌根菌对毛白杨苗高生长量有促进作用,且以根内球囊霉菌作用最明显,单孢球囊霉菌处理次之,硬皮马勃处理最差.水涝大大降低人工接种菌根菌的效果,严重影响VA菌根和外生菌根菌单独接种及混合接种的效应,根内球囊霉菌甚至会抑制毛白杨苗木的高生长,VA菌根和外生菌根间的负交互作用也不对苗高生长产生影响.菌根真菌的感染率随时间变化出现较大的波动和变化. 相似文献
11.
We studied the effects of broad-spectrum light quality on the interaction between the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings and hypocotyl cuttings cultured in vitro. The light sources were cool white (CW), warm white (WW) and red-rich daylight (RD) fluorescent lamps. Inoculation with P. tinctorius enhanced adventitious root formation of the cuttings in all light treatments. Rooting of the inoculated cuttings was highest in WW light (89%), followed by CW (73%) and RD light (66%). During 6 weeks of in vitro culture, rooted cuttings formed only a few lateral roots. The fungus grew over lateral roots, but the Hartig net was absent in all light treatments. In non-inoculated cuttings, neither root formation nor subsequent root growth was affected by light quality. In the seedling experiment, inoculation in the WW treatment resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) greater number of lateral roots than inoculation in the RD treatment. The percentage of lateral roots covered with fungal hyphae was also highest in WW light (62%), followed by CW (50%) and RD (27%) light. A similar pattern was observed in the intensity of Hartig net formation. We conclude that effects of broad-spectrum light quality on the ectomycorrhizal fungus-root interaction are dependent on the developmental stage of the root. 相似文献
12.
从不同林型下分离获得的外生菌根真菌纯培养菌株中,选择了劣味乳菇、美味红茹、赭丝膜菌、彩色豆马勃四株菌根菌,进行菌剂制备及其对松苗生长效果的试验。结果表明,PDMA和PD培养基是培养外生菌根真菌较适合的培养基,木屑、麸皮、米糠、玉米粉、珍珠岩、蛭石等是培养菌根菌菌剂较适宜的基质。供试菌对油松、马尾松、落叶松、樟子松、红松苗都具促进生长作用,效果较明显的是丝膜菌,其次是劣味乳菇、美味红菇、彩色豆马勃;对促进火炬松苗生长效果最明显的是劣味乳菇,其次是美味红菇、彩色豆马勃。四种菌对湿地松苗生长效果均高于对照。 相似文献
13.
Identity of mycorrhizas and isolation of symbionts and associated fungi from Sitka spruce growing in pure and mixed stands with either Japanese larch or Lodgepole pine are described and compared. More mycorrhizal types and sporocarps of the Agaricales were collected from mixed stands. Mycorrhizas of Lactarius rufus, Paxillus involutus and Suillus spp. were more prevalent on roots from mixed stands. The most common unidentified mycorrhizal type (type B) had features similar to synthesized mycorrhizas of two Basidiomycete isolates. Suillus grevillei and three un-identified types were associated specifically with Japanese larch. The main associating fungi were Oidiodendron sp. and Mycelium radicis atrovirens. The association of a “nurse” tree with Sitka spruce provides a more diverse mycorrhizal flora, the majority of which are shared between the tree species. 相似文献
14.
We studied the effect of fungal auxin overproduction on the growth polarity of cortical cells in pine mycorrhizas by comparing the anatomy of Pinus pinaster (Ait.) Sol. mycorrhizas formed by an IAA-overproducing mutant of Hebeloma cylindrosporum Romagnesi or by the corresponding wild type with non-mycorrhizal short roots. Both wild- type and mutant strains induced an increase in root diameter that was mostly a result of the influence of the fungus on root cortical development. Both strains affected growth polarity of P. pinaster cortical cells and induced a change in their shape. The main modifications were a large reduction in axial diameter and an increase in the radial diameter of the cortical cells. The modifications were more marked with the mutant than with the wild type. The mutant induced a 43% reduction in cortical cell elongation and a 35% increase in radial diameter, whereas the corresponding changes induced by the wild type were 30 and 10%, respectively. The volume of cortical cells in mature mycorrhizas was generally lower than in uninoculated short roots indicating that wild-type and mutant strains induced a reorientation of cortical cell growth but did not induce an increase in turgor pressure of the cells. Immunolocalization allowed visualization of alpha-tubulin in root cortical cells, but no obvious modification in alpha-tubulin distribution was detected as a consequence of symbiosis establishment. Likewise, cytochemical localization of polysaccharides in cortical cell walls did not show significant modification following symbiosis establishment and Hartig net formation. The only noticeable modification was a reduction in cortical cell wall thickness in mycorrhizas compared with uninoculated short roots. The possible involvement of fungal auxin in the observed modifications is discussed. 相似文献
15.
对 13个尾叶桉×细叶桉杂种、10个尾叶桉×赤桉杂种、1个尾叶桉× (尾叶桉×细叶桉 )杂种、1个尾叶桉种内控制授粉子代、5个尾叶桉母本的自由授粉子代和 1个尾叶桉×细叶桉F1自由授粉子代的比较研究表明 ,家系间树高、胸径和材积的差异均达 0 0 1显著水平。选择出优良杂种和子代 14个以及优良单株 12株。优良单株可以作为无性系比较试验的材料 ,优良杂种的优良单株可以用于建立下一世代的育种群体。这为优良杂种单株的无性系化和进一步的桉树杂交育种提供了有效的遗传材料。 相似文献
16.
马尾松外生菌根菌的培养和育苗效应研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
对彩色豆马勃、厚环乳牛肝菌、血红铆钉菇等７株菌根菌株在４种培养基、３种温度梯度下的生长状况和马尾松苗期接种效果进行研究。结果表明：改良麦芽汁培养基是外生菌根菌的适宜培养基；彩色豆马勃适应力强，明显促进马尾松苗期生长，菌根感染率高，但各菌株之间存在差异；厚环乳牛肝菌不适宜马尾松的苗期生长。 相似文献
17.
对华南4个地区的桉树青枯病病原菌进行了分子鉴定和致病性测试研究,以期为有效预防其发生提供依据.分别对来源于不同区域的11株桉树青枯病病原菌进行分子鉴定和致病力强弱测试比较,11株病原菌与Ralstonia solanacearum序列形成支持率为86％分枝,表明其病原菌16S rRNA基因序列与Ralstonia solanacearum具有高度同源性.以桉树无性系DH32-29组培苗为材料,采用伤根法对11个菌株进行致病力测试,不同菌株间在致病性上差异显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),以发病高峰期、高峰期发病率和平均发病率进行K-均值聚类分析(K=3),结果表明来源于广东、广西、海南的各菌株间致病性存在差异,HY01、HY02、DA01、HP04菌株与HP05分为1类,DA02和DA03为第2类,而YJ01、HP01、HP02和HP03为第3类.对4个不同地区(采样点)的青枯病菌株平均发病率进行方差分析,结果发现来源广东阳江菌株致病性显著地低于其他来源菌株.不同地理来源菌株之间在致病性上无明显相关性,同一地区内同时存在着致病力强弱菌株,HP03的生物型4-1菌株与其他生物型3菌株在致病性亦无明显的差别. 相似文献
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19.
对以尾叶桉为母本、细叶桉等5个树种为父本的79个桉树杂种无性系进行了生长和木材密度的选择研究,性状包括9月生树高和80月生木材密度以及68、80、91和103月生树高、胸径和材积.结果表明:无性系间的差异在各性状上均达0.001极显著水平;各性状的重复力介于0.21~0.48之间,受低到中等程度的遗传控制;性状间表型相关均达0.001显著水平.本研究选出生长和木材密度均高于对照DH32-29的尾叶桉 ? 细叶桉杂种优良无性系8个,103月生平均单株材积为对照的101.5%~126.1%、80月生平均木材密度为对照的121.1%~147.4%,这为下一步的无性系中试提供了备选材料. 相似文献
20.
Tricholoma matsutake/Pinus densiflora mycorrhizas andP. densiflora roots were collected from beneath matureT. matsutake fruit-bodies in a Shiro in central Japan and investigated for evidence of endophytic infection.Tricholoma matsutake infection was determined microscopically on cleared, bleached and stained mycorrhizas by the presence of both a thin, discontinuous
mantle and highly branched, sparingly septate Hartig net mycelium within the root cortex. Endophytic infection of Matsutake
mycorrhizas was characterized by intracortical sclerotia, simple septate mycelium within the cortex and vascular cylinder
and intracellular spore masses within the root cortex.
This research was supported by a grant from the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN). 相似文献