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1.
牛蒡低聚果糖诱导烟草对烟草花叶病毒的抗性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在室内条件下,研究了牛蒡低聚果糖对烟草花叶病毒抗性的影响及其影响机制。结果表明,在牛蒡低聚果糖处理叶（第三叶）中,接种烟草花叶病毒24h时对照处理叶片中该病毒含量大约是牛蒡低聚果糖处理叶片中的2.6倍,相对防效达61%;在未处理叶（第四叶）中,接种烟草花叶病毒24h时对照处理叶片可检测到TMV-CP的表达,而牛蒡低聚果糖处理叶则检测不到TMV-CP的表达。通过对抗病相关基因的检测发现,牛蒡低聚果糖处理和接种烟草花叶病毒都可诱导抗病相关基因（包括PR-1a、PR-2、PR-3、PI-1、PI-2和PAL）在烟草局部叶和系统叶中大量表达。这些结果表明,牛蒡低聚果糖可诱导烟草对烟草花叶病毒产生抗性,其作用机制可能在于诱导了抗病相关基因在植株体内的表达,增强了植株的系统抗性。 相似文献
2.
丁香酚对烟草抗烟草花叶病毒的诱导作用初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探讨植物源化合物丁香酚对烟草抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的诱导作用,初步研究了丁香酚对接种TMV的烟草叶片中叶绿素和丙二醛(MDA)含量,防御酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性,以及病程相关蛋白基因 PR-1 、PR-3 、PR-5 表达的影响。结果表明:丁香酚处理可促进叶绿素的合成,减轻烟草体内MDA的积累,提高PAL、POD和SOD的活性,增强 PR-1 、PR-3 、PR-5 基因的表达。表明丁香酚可提高植物的诱导抗病性,进而减轻TMV对烟草的危害。 相似文献
3.
为明确毁灭炭疽菌Colletotrichum destructivum诱抗蛋白诱导烟草的抗病性及其作用,采用喷雾、摩擦接种方法及RT-PCR技术研究了诱抗蛋白的预防保护作用,以及烟草悬浮细胞经诱导后过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性及脯氨酸(Pro)含量和病程相关基因表达的变化。结果表明,接种3、5和7 d后,该诱抗蛋白对烟草炭疽病的诱抗效果分别为58.00%、48.99%和49.65%,对烟草白粉病的诱抗效果分别为83.26%、80.76%和78.60%,并可以抑制烟草普通花叶病毒的复制及在寄主体内的扩增;经诱抗蛋白处理后,烟草悬浮细胞POD、PPO、PAL活性及Pro含量明显提高;诱抗蛋白能够诱导烟草病程相关蛋白基因PR-1a、PR-1b以及抗病信号传导途径关键基因NPR1的表达。表明毁灭炭疽菌诱抗蛋白可诱导烟草产生抗病性,可能与烟草悬浮细胞中POD、PAL、PPO的活性及Pro的含量提高以及相关病程基因表达有关。 相似文献
4.
臭椿抗烟草花叶病毒活性物质的提取及其初步分离 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以烟草花叶病毒为供试病毒,采用生物活性跟踪的方法对臭椿抗病毒活性物质进行了提取与初步分离。结果表明,臭椿乙醇提取物、甲醇提取物和丙酮提取物均有较好的抗烟草花叶病毒作用;通过系统溶剂提取、硅胶柱层析分离和活性筛选,从臭椿乙醇提取物的氯仿极性部位获得两个抗烟草花叶病毒活性组分Fr3与Fr6;经硅胶柱层析进一步分离,氯仿/甲醇梯度洗脱,得到4种相对较纯的活性成分C1、C2、C3、C4。生测结果显示,4种活性成分对烟草花叶病毒具有一定程度的抑制作用,但效果均低于原乙醇提取物,在活体条件下对烟草花叶病毒系统侵染的防治作用不明显。 相似文献
5.
方荣祥等将烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的外壳蛋白(CP)基因转入我国烟草主栽品种NC89后,经过连续两年3代的田间选择鉴定,于1990年秋在河南获得了几个纯合的转基因抗花叶病烟草株系（待发表）。 相似文献
6.
海带多糖对烟草花叶病毒的抑制作用及其对烟草酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为明确海带多糖抗病毒剂对烟草抗烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）病的诱导抗性及其对TMV感染后的保护作用,采用间接酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）研究0.5 mg/mL海带多糖水剂、0.5 mg/mL香菇多糖水剂、6.25 mg/L氨基寡糖素水剂和0.1 mg/mL盐酸吗啉胍.铜可湿性粉剂对TMV侵染的预防保护作用和对TMV感染植株的治疗作用,并检测施用海带多糖后烟草体内过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化和海带多糖对感染TMV后烟草叶绿素含量的影响。接种前喷施0.5 mg/mL海带多糖后,再接种TMV病毒,其抑制率可达42.42%,与喷施6.25 mg/L氨基寡糖素抑制率44.96%的效果相当,预防保护作用较好;但两种药剂处理感病植株的治疗效果较差,其抑制率仅分别为38.93%和40.13%。海带多糖能够系统地诱导烟草体内POD、PAL及SOD活性,从而控制了感染TMV后烟草叶绿素含量下降。说明海带多糖可诱导植物产生抗病性。 相似文献
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9.
根据烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)外壳蛋白(CP)RNA的特异性序列设计TaqMan荧光探针及其引物,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测食用菌蛋白抗TMV的活性。经食用菌蛋白处理后,TMV病毒汁液中TMV的RNA浓度下降了22.02%~87.93%,传统生物学测定的食用菌蛋白抗TMV的平均枯斑抑制率为10.88%～83.97%;相关性分析表明,实时荧光定量RT-PCR测定的病毒RNA浓度的下降与传统生物学方法测定的平均枯斑抑制率之间呈正相关(r=0.818 8),具有较好的一致性。利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测蛋白抗烟草花叶病毒活性的方法,具有特异性好、快速、简便、重复性高的特点,适合于蛋白抗烟草花叶病毒活性的痕量快速高效检测。 相似文献
10.
黄瓜花叶病毒对烟草花叶病毒的干扰作用的研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于1981年-1985年研究了黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)对烟草花叶病毒(TMV-T)的干扰作用.用CMV向日蔡环斑花叶分离物(CMV-SRS)为诱导病毒,接种枯斑三生烟十天后,对攻击病毒TMV-T的保护率为85.6%.反之,用TMV-T为诱导病毒,接种枯斑三生烟十天后,对攻击病毒CMV-SRS的保护率为95%(70-100%)证明在CMV-SRS和TMV-T之间,有较强的相互干扰作用.含有卫星核酸的黄瓜花叶病毒CMVS51、及CM-VS52两个分离物以及CMVS51+TMVN-14(烟草花叶病毒弱株系)免疫心叶烟和枯斑三生烟十天后,对强病毒TMV-P有明显的干扰作用. 相似文献
11.
Sarunya NALUMPANG Yukie GOTOH Hiroyuki TSUBOI Kenji GOMI Hiroyuki YAMAMOTO Kazuya AKIMITSU 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(2):118-127
A cDNA encoding a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein gene (SaiPGIPA) was identified from the citrus cultivar Sainumphung (Citrus sp.), one of the most popular cultivars in northern Thailand. SaiPGIPA was expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and the functional properties of citrus PGIP were analyzed. The PGIP fusion protein inhibited by a maximum of about
60% of the endopolygalacturonase activity, and a mixture of the PGIP and fungal endopoly-galacturonase released oligogalacturonides
from polygalacturonic acid. The mixture containing the oligogalactur-onides, endopolygalacturonase and PGIP induced expression
of the PGIP gene and a chalcone synthase gene in citrus leaves. The mixture also induced resistance in cucumber leaves against
Colletotrichum lagenarium.
Received 5 September 2001/ Accepted in revised form 20 November 2001 相似文献
12.
G. D. Lyon J. Heilbronn R. S. Forrest D. J. Johnston 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):127-133
Evidence is presented that a number of mechanisms are involved in the resistance of commercial cultivars of potato to soft rottingErwinia spp. These include phytoalexins, phenolics, cell wall modification, and possibly proteins. The role of elicitor-active oligogalacturonides, which are released from plant cell walls by pectic enzymes, is discussed. 相似文献
13.
The epidemic simulator EPIMUL was modified and used to study how induced resistance affected the development of epidemics in host mixtures. In the model, induced resistance resulted from the interaction of host tissue with avirulent spores and caused a reduction in the efficacy of virulent spores deposited afterwards. We denned three parameters to describe induced resistance: the level of protection, defined as the magnitude of reduction in the virulent spore efficacy for infecting host tissue; the host surface area protected by an interaction with one avirulent spore; and the duration of protection of the host tissue, in days. In our simulations, induced resistance slowed the epidemics and gave better disease control in the mixtures, even if protection lasted for only 2 days. The disease reduction in the mixture attributable to induced resistance was approximately proportional to the level of protection. The effect of induced resistance increased as the protected area increased. Epidemics were virtually unaffected by induced resistance restricted to the infection site, but the effect of induced resistance initially increased rapidly as larger areas were protected. There was little further gain as the protected area increased from 2·6% to 26%. The influence of induced resistance was reduced when the interactions between virulent and avirulent pathogens were reduced. 相似文献
14.
Pine Wilt Disease Caused by the Pine Wood Nematode: The Induced Resistance of Pine Trees by the Avirulent Isolates of Nematode 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Hajime Kosaka Takuya Aikawa Nobuo Ogura Katsuhiro Tabata Tomoya Kiyohara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(7):667-675
Since the beginning of the 20th century, pine trees in Japan have been seriously damaged by the pine wilt disease. This disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is transmitted by the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. The control of disease depends to a large extent on chemicals, but the public is now demanding environmentally friendly control methods. The virulence of B. xylophilus varies very widely. Pre-inoculation of young pine trees in a nursery with avirulent B. xylophilus has induced systemic resistance of trees against a subsequent inoculation with virulent B. xylophilus. This induced resistance was considered a hopeful means for developing a biological control for the disease. The induced resistance by the avirulent nematodes was also expressed in mature pine trees in a forest where the disease was naturally epidemic. However, the effects of induced resistance were not satisfactory for practical biological control. Since the inoculation with higher concentrations of the avirulent B. xylophilus induced the resistance more effectively, the pre-inoculation method will need to be improved to develop the biological control. The induced resistance of pine trees by avirulent B. xylophilus should be one of the candidate biological control methods against pine wilt disease. This induced resistance also provides an experimental system to clarify physiological interactions between the nematodes and pine trees. 相似文献
15.
Systemic resistance was induced to Pyricularia aryzae in rice by inoculation of the first leaf with the hypersensitive response causing bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Lesions caused by Pyricularia oryzae were decreased in number and size by 85% and 50%, respectively, in systemically protected leaves. Increased resistance was associated with the deposition of a dark brown material around sites of Pyricularia oryzae infection. The systemically acquired resistance was not associated with an increase in the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase, peroxidase, β-1, 3-glucanase or chitinase after the challenge inocculation with Pyricularia oryzae. The levels of these enzymes were elevated by local exposure to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae or Pyricularia oryzae, but were not systemically induced. These data suggest that the physiological changes which occur during induced resistance in rice are different from those correlated with induced resistance in tobacco or cucumber. 相似文献
16.
L. C. van Loon Jeanne Dijkstra 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1976,82(6):231-237
Systemic acquired resistance induced in intact ‘Samsun NN’ tobacco plants by either tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) or tobacco
necrosis virus (TNV) was more effective against challenge inoculation with the same than with the other of the two viruses.
However, in trimmed ‘Samsun NN’ plants resistance induced by either of these viruses was stronger against TMV than against
TNV. In intact ‘Samsun’ tobacco plants TNV induced a systemic resistance against itself identical to the one expressed in
‘Samsun NN’. Moreover, it induced systemic resistance against TMV as based on a decrease in TMV content in challeng-inoculated
leaves. These observations indicate that systemic acquired resistance is not limited to combinations in which both inducing
and challenging virus give rise to a hypersensitive reaction, and further point to virus-specific factors regulating the extent
of resistance expressed. 相似文献
17.
Irradiation of Pinus radiata seedlings with ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) radiation or spray application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) each resulted in induced resistance to subsequent wound inoculation with Diplodia pinea. Induced resistance was expressed by lower incidence of disease and by reduced size of stem lesions than in untreated seedlings. UV‐C was more effective than MeJA and the induced resistance was greatest in seedlings that were irradiated with UV‐C for 60 min, 1 week before pathogen inoculation. Induced resistance in the UV‐C treated stems was concomitant with increases in peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity but showed no correlation with concentrations of α‐pinene and β‐pinene or total phenolics. Furthermore, POX induction in stem tissue was cumulative and was greatest after three repeat treatments with UV‐C at 6, 3 and 1 week before inoculation. In contrast to UV‐C, MeJA induced a significant increase in β‐pinene concentration in stem tissue but did not affect PPO activity. POX activity was induced by MeJA in stems, although to a lesser extent than by UV‐C, but was not affected in needles. This appears to be the first report demonstrating the use of UV‐C radiation to induce resistance to fungal infection in a coniferous species. The implications of the underlying differences between UV‐C‐ and MeJA‐mediated resistance to D. pinea are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Priming as a Mechanism in Induced Systemic Resistance of Plants 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
U. Conrath O. Thulke V. Katz S. Schwindling A. Kohler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(1):113-119
Induced systemic resistance is a plant defence state that is associated with an enhanced ability – the so-called priming – to resist pathogen attack by stronger activation of cellular defence responses. So far, however, priming has not been widely appreciated when studying induced plant disease resistance. During the past several years, it has been demonstrated that pre-treatment of cultured parsley cells with inducers of systemic resistance, salicylic acid or a benzothiadiazole, leads to the direct activation of a set of defence-related genes and also primes the cells for stronger elicitation of another set of defence genes including those encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. From these results, it was concluded that the resistance inducers have at least a dual role in plant defence-gene activation. When elucidating whether priming plays a role in induced systemic resistance of Arabidopsis, pre-treating plants with benzothiadiazole was found to augment the subsequent activation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes by Pseudomonas infection, wounding and osmotic stress and also to enhance wound/osmotic stress-induced callose production. The augmentation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene activation or/and callose deposition was not seen in the Arabidopsis non-expresser of pathogenesis-related genes1 mutant which is compromised in induced resistance, while it was present, without benzothiadiazole pre-treatment, in the constitutive expresser of pr genes1 and 5 mutants in which induced resistance is constitutive. Together these studies point to priming as an important cellular mechanism in induced systemic resistance of plants which requires the intact non-expresser of pathogenesis-related genes1 gene. 相似文献
19.
小麦条锈病菌非亲和性小种诱发小麦抗锈性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在水源11、洛夫林10等7个品种上分别选择小麦条锈菌CY17、CY28等9个生理小种中非亲和小种进行诱发接种,亲和小种为挑战小种。观察发病后的病情指数并与单独接种诱发小种和单独接种挑战小种处理的病情指数进行比较。证明诱发抗病现象是比较普遍的,但表现程度因小麦品种、诱发小种和挑战小种而不同。诱发抗病性的表达时间可持续8 d,以诱发接种后1~2 d表达最强。诱发接种量与诱发抗病性表达呈指数函数关系,也间接证明这种诱发抗性是局部的。作者认为:诱发抗病性在品种、诱发和挑战小种不同组合之间的差异在小种动态中会起一定的作用。 相似文献
20.
Ben J. Duijff Daniel Pouhair Chantal Olivain Claude Alabouvette Philippe Lemanceau 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(9):903-910
Fluorescent pseudomonads and nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum have been shown to suppress fusarium wilts. This suppression has been related to both microbial antagonism and induced resistance.The aim of the present study was to assess the relative importance of systemic induced resistance in the suppression of fusarium wilt of tomato in commercial-like conditions by a reference strain of each type of microorganism (P. fluorescens WCS417r and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Fo47). The spatial separation of the pathogen and the biocontrol strains excluded any possible microbial antagonism and implicated the involvement of the systemic induced resistance; whereas the absence of any separation between these microorganisms allowed the expression of both mechanisms. Since systemic induced resistance has often been associated with the synthesis of PR-proteins, their accumulation in tomato plants inoculated with WCS417r or with Fo47 was determined.The analysis of the results indicates that the suppression of fusarium wilt by P. fluorescens WCS417r was ascribed to systemic induced resistance without any detection of the PR-proteins tested (PR-1 and chitinases). In contrast, the suppression achieved by nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Fo47 appeared to be mainly ascribed to microbial antagonism but also to a lesser extent to systemic induced resistance. This induced resistance could be related to the accumulation of PR-1 and chitinases.The possible relationship between the ability of Fo47 to suppress fusarium wilt more efficiently than WCS417r and its ability to show both mechanisms is discussed. 相似文献