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Epuvalisation生态净化床处理技术是一种主要针对分散型废水的新型污水处理技术,较人工湿地或生物塘等传统生态处理技术有着显著的优势,具有更高的净化效率、更好的灵活性、更低的运行维护成本及产生附有价值的副产品如蔬菜、花卉以及植物饲料或肥料等。无论是开路还是闭路系统,作为对废水进行深度(二级或三级)处理的技术,Epuvalisation废水生态处理系统对废水中的氮、磷以及像大肠杆菌、链球菌等生活污水的一些指示性污染物都具有良好的去除效果,处理后的废水可以用作农业灌溉或直接排放至地表水体中而无需担忧造成二次污染或引起地表水体的富营养化的问题。 相似文献
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水体富营养,水中藻类大量生长,导致水体溶解氧下降,水生动植物死亡,水质恶化。生物浮床技术将植物种植在富营养水体中,通过植物生长吸收水中N、P等富营养物质,最终通过植物体的采收,将富营养化物质从水中带出。综述近年来生物浮床技术净化富营养化水体的研究成果,总结生物浮床的构建以及浮床栽培植物的种类,将生物浮床技术对富营养化水体的净化机制归纳为浮床植物吸收、浮床吸附、微生物分解利用及浮床、植物、微生物协同作用4个方面。在此基础上讨论目前生物浮床技术的优势、不足与发展前景,同时结合目前研究现状,提出生物浮床技术研究新方向。 相似文献
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藻类净化含氮磷有机污水及其利用研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从利用藻类净化含氮、磷有机污水其净化作用及其机理、藻类培养环境调控及其生物量利用和新型藻类处理系统三方面介绍了国内外的有关研究现状及其发展趋势。 相似文献
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弧形筛及生物净化池净化陆基工厂化海水养殖废水的效果 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为了研究陆基工厂化海水养殖废水理想的净化工艺,对山东省烟台市1个大型海水养殖厂的“弧形筛＋4级生物净化池”的废水净化系统进行了各项水质指标的定量检测。结果表明：系统对悬浮物与无机氮和无机磷的去除效果明显;经该系统处理后,养殖废水的溶解氧、pH值、电导率、温度和盐度在排放前已经达到自然海水的常规值;系统中的细菌总量和弧菌总量依废水流入的次序,在各级净化池之间呈现了下降趋势;净化池中底栖单胞藻则体现了丰富的生物多样性。利用废水净化池进行刺参养殖,还可创造显著的经济效益。研究结果证明,该套系统易于建造、废水处理能力强,是一种适合中国国情的理想的陆基工厂化海水养殖废水处理模式。 相似文献
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为研究养殖池塘三维植被网护坡技术及其水质净化调控效果,试验用三维植被网、布水管和水生植物等构建池塘生态坡净化调控系统。研究发现,池塘三维植被网生态坡净化调控系统具有潜流湿地和表流湿地双重特点,空隙率为4%～9%,构建坡度应低于1:2.5,水流速度应高于0.13m/s。在池塘水体日循环量10%情况下,三维植被网生态坡可使池塘水体中氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷的浓度下降46%、65%、49.2%、64.4%和39%,使养殖水体中叶绿素a浓度下降8.8%;生态坡对水体中总氮、总磷、COD的净化效率分别为0.27、0.015和0.94g/h.m2。与对照池相比,试验期间,三维植被网生态护坡池塘水体中的绿藻种类比对照池塘增加了10.7%,蓝藻种类减少了2.5%,藻类ShannonWiener多样性指数(H’)增加了38%。同时,试验池塘水体中的藻类密度下降了23%,其中蓝藻密度下降48.4%,隐藻、裸藻密度分别增加了24%和34%,藻类优势种群结构组成更有利于养殖需要。研究表明池塘三维植被网生态坡系统具有保护池埂和净化调控水质效果,是一种"经济、生态、减排"的护坡技术。 相似文献
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襄阳护城河水体中溶解氧含量研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了襄阳护城河水体中溶解氧的日变化特征,分析了襄阳护城河水体中影响溶解氧含量的因素。结果表明:襄阳护城河水中溶解氧含量的日变化特征是溶解氧的含量随光照强度的增加而逐渐上升;襄阳护城河水中消耗溶解氧的因素包括水生生物呼吸耗氧、有机物降解耗氧和底泥耗氧,其中底泥耗氧是水中溶解氧消耗的主要因素,占水体中溶解氧消耗的80%以上;护城河水体中溶解氧的增加因素包括空气表面复氧、水生植物和藻类的光合放氧,其中藻类光合放氧是水中溶解氧的主要来源,是表面复氧的10倍以上。试验结果对于水体中溶解氧的理论研究、水产养殖、水体的自净作用和护城河水的净化措施具有一定的价值。 相似文献
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养殖水体中无机氮的高效去除是开展循环水养殖的重要保障条件之一。该论文研究了极大硬毛藻无性系(简称极大硬毛藻)对循环水养殖水体中无机氮盐的去除效率及特征。结果表明,当藻体密度为(10±1) g/L时,在一定浓度范围(氨氮:0～15 mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮:0～3 mg/L,硝酸盐氮:0～15 mg/L),极大硬毛藻对海水中3类无机氮盐的吸收速率随着时间变化即氮盐浓度降低而降低;其中藻类对氨氮的吸收速率变化较大,而对亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的吸收速率相对稳定。当3种氮盐质量浓度为3 mg/L,极大硬毛藻首先选择吸收氨氮;当氨氮质量浓度降至1.5 mg/L时,藻开始吸收亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮。极大硬毛藻对人工模拟养殖废水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮的15 h去除率可达到94.3%、100%、82.2%。该研究可为极大硬毛藻在循环水养殖水体净化的应用、养殖废水资源化利用和无害化处理技术的建立提供科学依据。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨湿地植物种类、浮床覆盖面积和处理时间3个因素对含抗生素养殖废水净化效果的影响,为高效利用湿地植物浮床技术去除养殖废水中的传统污染物和抗生素提供依据。[方法]分别利用巴拉草(Brachiaria mutica)和短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis Lam. var.brevifolius)构建了植物浮床,每种植物浮床设置了20%,40%,60%这3个水面覆盖面积,监测了植物浮床在不同处理时间对养殖废水中的化学需氧量(COD)、氮磷和磺胺嘧啶的净化效果。[结果]各处理水质各指标随着运行时间持续变好:pH值变中性;溶解氧(DO)含量增加;氧化还原电位(ORP)上升;COD,氨氮(NH_3-N),总氮(TN),总磷(TP)和抗生素磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)浓度持续降低;不同植物种类对水体pH值和ORP值,DO和COD的含量无显著影响,但显著影响水体营养盐的去除;巴拉草浮床对水体中NH_3-N,TN和TP的去除效果优于短叶茳芏浮床;两种植物对SDZ的去除效率相当;总体上,60%的覆盖面积更加有利于水体中污染物的去除,但不利于DO扩散。[结论] 60%覆盖面积的巴拉草浮床,在运行47 d时,去除养殖废水中COD(88%),NH_3-N(97%),TN(89%),TP(94%)和SDZ(43%)的效果最好。 相似文献
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Etsuro Yoshimura Seiji Nagasaka Yoshiyuki Sato Kenichi Satake Satoshi Mori 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):721-724
A strain of an acidophilic, thermophilic alga, Cyanidium caldarium, was cultured in a medium containing various metal ions (A1, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn). Among these metals, the alga tolerates especially high levels of AI: it can grow in a medium containing 200 mM AI, although the growth rate was reduced to 58%. The cellular Al concentration was kept at a considerably lower level as compared to the medium Al concentration. This may account for the Al tolerance of the alga. Treatment of the algal cells with carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone in the presence of Al increased the cellular Al concentration. It was suggested that energy-coupled Al exclusion mechanisms can operate in the alga. 相似文献
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A commercial blue-green algae inoculant (Genesis II) for improving the N content of soils was applied to basalt and pumice soils in a greenhouse pot test with orchardgrass, pinegrass, Douglasfir, and ponderosa pine. Treatments were control (deionized water), live algae, killed algae, live algae plus P, K and S and P, K and S only. Plant biomass yields with live inoculant generally were significantly greater than with the control treatment but were the same as with killed inoculant. Live algae plus P, K and S further enhanced productivity. P, K and S alone produced no increase over the control treatment. Response to the inoculant compared to the control appears to be a result of addition of nutrients present in the inoculant stock solution. Further biomass increases with the P, K and S plus live algae treatment compared to live and dead algae treatments occurred because these nutrients became limiting as N was added. Total organic-N and total C in surface soils were similar in all treatments.When the stock solution was sampled via culture methods, the most prominent species found was Chlorella, a green alga. Anabaena, an N2 fixing blue-green alga, produced less than one colony per plate on the average. Phormidium, a blue-green alga not found in the inoculant, was dominant on the soil surface at the end of the test suggesting a soil origin for this species. Results indicate that Genesis II probably has very limited potential to enhance blue-green algal populations and, consequently, N of the forest soils used in this test. 相似文献
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The influence of oil and remediation methods on soil algal cenoses was studied. The oil pollution caused the reconstruction
of the soil algocenoses with the alteration of the species composition and a decrease in the number of alga cells and biomass.
The diatoms and yellow-green algae turned out to be the most sensitive to the oil pollution; the cyanobacteria and green algae
were less sensitive to it. The bioremediation lowered the toxic effect of the oil on the algae and restored their floristic
composition on the 90th day. In the course of the whole experiment, the number of alga cells and the biomass increased. The
Lenoil preparation was accepted as the most efficient. 相似文献
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Dennis T. Burton Steven D. Turley Gregory T. Peters 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,76(3-4):449-457
RDX was not acutely toxic to the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum when tested at the solubility limit of the compound in algal assay media. A maximum reduction of 38% in cell density occurred after a 96-h exposure to 36.7 mg L?1; thus, an EC50 could not be determined. The lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for the green alga were 4.8 and 0.5 mg L?1 (reduction in cell density), respectively, when chronic end points were used to analyze the data. A comparison of the data in this study with RDX toxicity data from the literature for the diatom Navicula pelliculosa, and the blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabeana flos-aquae shows that S. capricornutum is the most sensitive to RDX. A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) numerical water quality criterion Final Plant Value based on the green alga data should protect the above algal groups. 相似文献
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Before natural plant allelochemicals can be exploited as biological pesticides against weeds and for disease control, more than the effect on target organisms needs to be known. This study presents results of aquatic biotests using four organisms, namely, a water flea, a freshwater alga, a soil alga, and a luminescent bacterium. The tested substances were 10 benzoxazinone derivatives, 3 of them known to be wheat allelochemicals, benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA), 6-methoxybenzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (MBOA), and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), and 7 identified degradation intermediates and metabolites. For comparison, two commercial pesticide formulations (BAS, Betanal) were tested by applying the same set of biotests. The data set produced could be seen as an ecotoxicological evaluation for effects of allelochemicals against nontarget organisms and as a base for further risk assessment. 相似文献
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Caulerpa taxifolia was first discovered in New South Wales, Australia, in April 2000 and is now present in nine waterways. Infestations, which range from sparse distributions of scattered runners to dense beds 40 cm thick, covered approximately 8.1 km2 by mid 2004. Various methods for controlling the alga were trialed. The application of coarse sea salt at a concentration of 50 kg/m2 was found to be the most effective method as it rapidly killed the alga, had relatively minor effects on native biota (seagrass and infauna) and was relatively inexpensive. In small-scale trials, frond density of C. taxifolia had decreased by 70-95% one week after salting and no fronds were present after 1 or 6 months. Seagrass and infauna were also affected by salt, but abundances had generally recovered after 6 months. The effectiveness of salting at larger scales depended on the method of application and salting appeared to be most successful in the cooler months when C. taxifolia dies back naturally. Results of large-scale salting trials were mixed. In one waterway, a single application of salt resulted in the apparent removal of almost 5200 m2 of C. taxifolia; in another, repeated salting of a 3000 m2 infestation led to a considerable reduction in the density of the alga, but no overall change in the boundaries of the infestation. Eradication of C. taxifolia from New South Wales is unlikely, but local control measures, extensive monitoring and experimentation are continuing in an attempt to limit the impact of this invasive alga. 相似文献
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Whitfield FB Helidoniotis F Shaw KJ Svoronos D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(6):2367-2373
Forty-nine species (87 samples) of marine macroalgae from eastern Australia were analyzed by GC/MS for the key seafood flavor components 2- and 4-bromophenol, 2,4- and 2,6-dibromophenol, and 2,4, 6-tribromophenol. All five bromophenols were found in 62% of samples, four in 32% of samples, and three in the remaining 6% of samples. 2, 4,6-Tribromophenol was found in all samples and, with few exceptions, was present in the highest concentrations. The total bromophenol content determined on a wet-weight basis varied widely across species from 0.9 ng/g in the green alga Codium fragile to 2590 ng/g in the red alga Pterocladiella capillacea. Species with the highest concentrations of bromophenols were all collected from sites exposed at low tide. The study demonstrates the wide occurrence of bromophenols in marine algae and provides a possible source of such compounds in fish that feed predominantly on ocean plants. The possible effect that dietary marine algae has on the flavor of omnivorous ocean fish is discussed. 相似文献
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Bioavailability of cadmium-organic complexes to soil alga--an exception to the free ion model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Krishnamurti GS Megharaj M Naidu R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(12):3894-3899
It is generally considered that cadmium bioavailability shows a considerable dependence on chemical speciation of Cd in solution, correlates best with the activity of free metal ion (Cd2+) in solution, and is largely indifferent to soluble metal complexes. The role of soluble organic matter (DOM) and soluble metal-organic complexes in metal bioavailability and toxicity, however, is not clear. Growth studies with a soil alga (Chlorococcum sp.) were conducted on a growth medium and pore water of Cookes Plain soil (Paleuxeralf), spiked with Cd as Cd(NO3)2. Speciation of the Cd in pore water, and in growth medium with and without citrate, was performed using the MINTEQA2 computer model incorporating updated values of the stability constants of Cd-DOM complexes, as well as using anode stripping voltammetry. Analysis of the toxicity data showed that Cd-citrate, as well as the Cd-DOM complexes, is bioavailable and contributes toward the toxicity to alga. These data contradict the long-held notion that Cd-DOM complexes are not bioavailable to soil biota although they may increase the mobility of Cd. 相似文献
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The regularities of the development of algal communities in podzolic soils under coniferous forests were studied in areas differing in their technogenic pollution intensity. In the unpolluted soils under spruce forests, 80 alga species of 6 divisions were found; in the soils under the coniferous forests located in the zone exposed to the technogenic pollution, 59 alga species of 5 divisions were found. The algal groups in the soils of the spruce forests included 14–48 taxa. Chlamydomonas gloeogama, C. reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, Klebsormidium nitens, and Stichococcus bacillaris were resistant to different anthropogenic impacts. The results obtained may be used for monitoring of the state of the soil biota in the soils under the boreal forests of protected areas and also in spruce forests exposed to intense aerial technogenic pollution. 相似文献