樟子松固沙林土壤理化特性对林分密度的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于东伟  雷泽勇  赵国军  张岩松  于德良  白津宁  李尧 《干旱区研究》2020,(1):134-141

为了研究樟子松人工固沙林林分密度对土壤理化特性的影响,在章古台地区选取林分密度分别为625(P1)、775(P2)、1 025(P3)、1 175(P4)株·hm^-2和1 250(P5)株·hm^-2的樟子松中龄林(林龄为23~27 a)为研究对象,对0~100 cm深度的樟子松林地土壤按0~10、10~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100 cm进行分层,分析其理化特性。结果表明:0~10 cm土层全氮和20~40 cm土层土壤容重随密度增加呈上升趋势,P5显著高于P1(P <0. 05);0~80 cm土层全钾和0~60 cm土层pH随密度增加先升高后降低,P3最高,且P3样地全钾在10~60 cm土层显著高于P1(P <0. 05);pH在0~40 cm土层显著高于其他样地(P <0. 05);0~10 cm土层全磷随密度增加而减小,P1显著高于P3~P5(P <0. 05);P4或P5样地有效钾在0~40 cm土层显著高于P1、P2样地(P <0. 05),在40~100 cm土层显著高于P3样地(P <0. 05);P2~P4样地的土壤孔隙度在40~100 cm土层低于P1和P5样地。综合考虑林分密度对樟子松中龄林土壤理化特性的影响,章古台地区樟子松林的合理林分密度为1 025~1 175株·hm^-2,可采取间伐等营林管理措施调节林分密度,确保樟子松固沙林生长具有良好的土壤条件。  相似文献   

竞争对辽宁西北部樟子松人工固沙林树高生长的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

雷泽勇  周晏平  赵国军  张岩松  于德良 《干旱区研究》2018,(1):144-149

以辽宁省章古台地区樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica）人工固沙林为研究对象,依据立地一致性原则,从未经抚育的樟子松人工固沙幼龄林（10 a）和成熟林（40 a）中各选出4块林分密度不同的标准地[A代表幼龄林,林分密度分别为975（A1）、1 175（A2）、1 425（A3）、1 625（A4）株·hm-2;B代表成熟林,林分密度分别为350（B1）、750（B2）、1 200（B3）、2 975（B4）株·hm-2],采用正态分布检验和方差分析法评估竞争对樟子松固沙林树高生长的影响。结果表明：10 a和40 a林龄的樟子松固沙林个体树高均服从正态分布,其中10 a林分林木个体树高分布均为左偏,  相似文献   

滴灌技术参数及施肥周期对苹果根区土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响     

张绍武  胡田田  陈绍民  李鸿祥  章杰 《干旱地区农业研究》2022,40(3):79-87

为揭示不同滴灌技术参数及施肥周期对苹果根区土壤硝态氮动态及分布的影响,探究适于渭北地区矮化密植苹果园的技术参数,以4 a生苹果树为试验对象,开展田间滴灌施肥试验。设置毛管布置方式（一行一管,P₁;一行两管,P₂）、滴头间距（30 cm, D₁;50 cm, D₂）、施肥周期（15 d, T₁;30 d, T₂）3个试验因素,监测根区土壤硝态氮在生育期内的时空分布特征。试验年份为平水年且土壤含水率相对较高,在此条件下研究表明,T₁和T₂处理硝态氮含量变化分别为7.06～168.36 mg·kg^-1和9.73～248.86 mg·kg^-1。延长施肥周期使0～40 cm和80～100 cm土层硝态氮变化幅度加大,并加剧硝态氮向深层移动,减少了0～60 cm土层（根系层）中硝态氮含量。与P₁相比,P₂处理使垂直树行方向硝态氮的扩散范围...  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地南缘樟子松人工林土壤理化性质差异及其与林分生长的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《干旱区资源与环境》2017,(8):160-166

对比研究毛乌素沙地南缘不同密度樟子松人工林林下各土层(0~10cm,10~30cm,30~60cm)土壤理化性质差异及与林分生长关系。结果表明:自然化培育下的人工林林地土壤物理性质:PⅦ和PⅧ样地总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度较高,持水能力较强且与其它样地差异明显。土壤化学性质:PⅧ和PⅪ样地各层土壤的全N、P含量、水解性N、有效P含量较高且与其它样地差异明显;全K含量和pH值在各样地土层无明显差别;有机质方面,上层土壤有机质含量PⅠ,PⅣ,PⅥ,PⅧ,PⅩ,PⅪ样地含量高于其它样地。结合频度分布和Pearson分析结果,土壤化学物质对林分生长如树高、胸径有较好的支撑作用。综合考虑PⅧ样地林地密度为较为合适的造林密度,可以更好地发挥其半干旱地区的生态效益。  相似文献   

祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林土壤养分和pH变化特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘贤德  赵维俊  张学龙  敬文茂  范莉梅 《干旱区研究》2013,30(6):1013-1020

祁连山北坡中山带森林灰褐土是生长青海云杉的集中地带。选择排露沟流域海拔2 900～3 300 m的青海云杉林为研究对象,每隔100 m海拔梯度设置3个调查样地,研究青海结果表明：① 在海拔梯度上,0~40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮及全磷平均含量高海拔处高于低海拔,而且高海拔与低海拔差异显著（P<0.05）;土壤全钾和速效钾含量则是高海拔低于低海拔,差异亦显著（P<0.05）;速效磷含量随海拔升高没有明显的变化规律,而且海拔间差异不显著（P<0.05）;土壤pH随海拔的升高不断减小,但是海拔间的差异不显著（P＞0.05）。 ② 在不同土层深度,0~10 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾平均含量均大于10~20 cm和20~40 cm土层,而且0~10 cm土层含量显著大于20~40 cm土层（P<0.05）;土壤pH和全钾含量则随土层深度增加,pH在0~10 cm土层与20~40 cm差异显著（P<0.05）,但全钾含量在不同土层差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。 ③ 在碳、氮、磷、钾营养元素循环中,土壤pH和土壤有机质是影响青海云杉群落养分供应的首要限制因子。  相似文献   

黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤碳氮磷及其生态化学计量特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白一茹  张兴  包维斌  王幼奇  赵云鹏 《干旱地区农业研究》2019,37(4):117-123

以陕北米脂谷子、苜蓿、柠条和枣树4种不同土地利用方式土壤为研究对象，采集0~100 cm土层土壤样品，采样数共288个，分别对样品土壤的C、N、P及其生态化学计量比C/N、C/P和N/P进行了研究。结果表明：黄土丘陵区土壤C、N、P含量均值分别为2.12、0.21 g·kg^-1和0.43 g·kg^-1;C/N、C/P和N/P均值分别为10.83、5.0和0.48;土壤C、N、P及C/N、C/P和N/P的变异系数均大于10%且小于100%，属于中等变异。土地利用方式对土壤C、N、P含量及其生态化学计量特征有显著影响，其中谷子地0~20 cm土层土壤C含量显著高于柠条地和枣树林（P<0.05），谷子地20~40 cm土层的C含量显著高于苜蓿地（P<0.05）;0~20、20~40 cm和60~80 cm土层谷子地N含量显著高于柠条地（P<0.05）;苜蓿地P含量在0~20、60~80 cm和80~100 cm土层显著高于柠条地（P<0.05）。谷子地、苜蓿地和枣树林土壤C、N呈表聚性分布，而柠条地随深度增加无明显降低，表明柠条有较好的固碳能力。各土层C/N在不同土地利用方式间存在显著差异（P<0.05），其中柠条地最高，谷子地最低;80~100 cm土层土壤C/P在柠条地和苜蓿地间具有显著差异（P<0.05）。0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层深度下，土壤N/P在不同土地利用方式之间具有显著差异（P<0.05），其中谷子地最高，柠条地最低。通过典型相关分析得出，土壤C、N、C/P和N/P与环境因子中的土层深度、粘粒含量和土壤pH值的累积关系较大。  相似文献   

生物炭施用对冬麦田土壤水热环境及土壤呼吸的影响     

吕梦凡  马向成  蔡铁  贾志宽 《干旱地区农业研究》2022,40(3):197-206

探究施用生物炭对冬麦田土壤水热因子及土壤呼吸的影响,对生物炭在麦田应用及农田固碳减排有重要的实践意义。2018年10月至2021年6月在关中灌区连续3 a进行了麦田生物炭施用试验,试验设置生物炭施用量水平分别为：0 t·hm^-2·a^-1（C0）、10 t·hm^-2·a^-1（C10）、20 t·hm^-2·a^-1（C20）,通过测定小麦生长季的土壤温度、土壤水分、土壤呼吸速率及产量,明确不同施炭量对冬小麦田土壤水热因子及土壤呼吸的影响。各处理生育期内土壤呼吸速率及全生育期CO₂排放量存在显著性差异（P<0.05）,均表现为C0>C20>C10。生物炭施入增加了生育期内的平均土壤温度,同时显著提高了0～20 cm土壤含水量（P<0.05）,并减弱了土壤水分在生育期内的变化幅度。C10、C20处理3 a平均土壤含水量较C0分别增加了17.0%、29.0%。5 cm及10 cm土壤温度能分别解释土壤呼吸变化的54.7%～...  相似文献   

赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻光合酶活性及其产量形成的影响     

王瑛泽  曹智  高玉红  吴兵  王一帆  剡斌  崔政军  徐鹏 《干旱地区农业研究》2023,(4):71-82

为探究赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻叶片光合酶活性以及籽粒产量的影响,以‘轮选2号’为材料,采用田间二因素裂区试验设计,研究了不同磷肥用量水平(P₀:0 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₁:67.5 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₂:135 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅)和赤霉素(Gibberellin acid, GA₃)喷施浓度(G₀:0 mg L^-1,G₁:15 mg·L^-1,G₂:30 mg·L^-1)对胡麻光合同化酶活性、干物质积累量及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：施磷和喷施赤霉素均显著提高了胡麻叶片RuBP(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)、PEP(Phospho...  相似文献   

长期施用有机肥对松嫩平原西部盐碱土壤肥力和玉米产量的影响     

于菲  赵硕  赵影  汪勇  范益恺  孟庆峰 《干旱地区农业研究》2022,40(2):172-180

依据施用有机肥（腐熟牛粪）年限的不同,共设置4个不同处理,分别为：施用有机肥13 a（13A）、19 a（19A）和24 a（24A）,以未施用有机肥的盐碱土作为对照（CK）,采集各处理0～20 cm和20～40 cm的土壤样品,测定土壤养分、物理性状和盐碱性质,旨在探明长期施用有机肥措施下苏打盐碱土壤的肥力状况及其促进玉米产量提升的机制。结果表明：与CK相比,施用有机肥显著提高了0～20、20～40 cm土层的土壤有机质、全氮、速效养分含量和土壤田间持水量（P<0.05）,显著降低了土壤容重和土壤密度（P<0.05）,显著增加了0～20 cm土层的土壤孔隙度（P<0.05）。0～20 cm土层中,土壤有机质、全氮以19A处理最高,分别达39.31 g·kg^-1和1.30 g·kg^-1;土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾均以24A含量最高,较CK分别提高了89.31%、81.07%和107.64%,土壤孔隙度以24A含量最高,较CK提高了54.56%,各处理土壤容重和土壤密度平均较CK下降率达31.91%和6.29%,处理间不显著。...  相似文献   

黄土丘陵区春小麦水分调控下植物—土壤碳氮磷化学计量学及其稳态性特征          下载免费PDF全文

谢明君  李广  闫丽娟  袁建钰  刘帅楠  祁小平  常海刚 《干旱地区农业研究》2022,40(1):184-192

为探究黄土丘陵区农田生态系统土壤养分限制及其循环规律,明确水分调控下春小麦叶片及根的内稳态特征,以5个灌水量处理(W₀、W₅₀、W₁₀₀、W₁₅₀、W₂₀₀)下春小麦成熟期叶片、根和0～40 cm土层土壤为研究对象,测定不同灌水处理下春小麦植株叶片、根、土壤有机碳（OC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）含量及其化学计量比,揭示春小麦叶片和根随土壤养分变化的稳态性特征。结果表明:不同灌水处理下春小麦土壤OC、TN含量均具有表聚性特征,且在0～40 cm土层含量均随灌水量增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,表现出W₁₅₀灌水量处理最高(1.757 g·kg^-1、0.165 g·kg^-1),而土壤TP在不同土层及灌水处理下较为稳定,适当灌水(W₁₅₀)有助于提高作物根系OC含量,过度灌水(W₂₀₀)会降低其含量;春小麦土壤、根、叶片化学计量比均值表现为:C∶N（9.56、12.92、1...  相似文献   

内陆河湿地芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应     

焦亮  关雪  刘雪蕊  董小刚  李方 《干旱区研究》2011,37(1):202-211

植物功能性状是连接植物与外界环境的重要桥梁，其在不同环境梯度下的变化表现出了对异质环境的适应机制。本文以敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区克隆植物芦苇（Phragmites australis）为研究对象，设置了未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化4个梯度样地，研究环境异质条件下芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应。结果表明：① 各环境梯度下，芦苇叶功能性状特征变化显著（P<0.05），叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重随环境梯度退化呈下降趋势，比叶面积随梯度退化呈上升趋势；② 芦苇各叶功能性状间呈协同变化的特征，叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），比叶面积与叶长、叶干重呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；③ 叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重与土壤表层（0~30 cm）、中层（30~60 cm）水分呈显著正相关（P<0.05），而与土壤表层、中层含盐量呈显著负相关（P<0.05），说明土壤表层与中层的水分与盐分是芦苇叶功能性状最主要的驱动力。研究结果对干旱区内陆河湿地的保护、生态恢复及管理具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

沙地樟子松人工林土壤氮矿化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孔涛  张莹  雷泽勇  王东丽  刘洋  于吉  吴丹 《干旱区研究》2019,36(2):296-306

土壤氮(N)的有效性是沙地林生态系统生产力和稳定性的关键限制因子。本研究以科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林为研究对象，分析测定了10~60 a林龄土壤NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和矿质N含量、氨化速率、硝化速率和N矿化速率的变化规律。结果表明：樟子松人工林土壤NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和矿质N含量，随着不同林龄在10~60 a内表现出增加的趋势，其中10~30 a增幅较小，40~60 a显著提高；随着土层深度增加而减小，主要集中在0~20 cm，呈现出表聚性。不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤氨化速率、硝化速率和矿化速率均随林龄增加而增加，随土层深度的增加而降低，其中0~40 cm土层明显大于40~100 cm。通过双因素方差分析，得出林龄与土层对各矿化指标影响显著。土壤矿化指标与人工林地上樟子松株高、胸径、冠幅以及土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮有显著的正相关关系。通过冗余分析(RDA)表明，影响不同林龄土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子为全氮、全磷、有机碳；影响不同土层土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子为全氮、碱解氮、有机碳。因此，樟子松人工林能够改善沙地土壤N的有效性，幼龄林和中龄林改善效果较小，近成熟林和成熟林改善效果明显；对表层土的改善效果优于深层土；土壤肥力是影响土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子。  相似文献   

沙地樟子松人工林土壤酶活性及其影响因子   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于德良  雷泽勇  张岩松  于东伟  周晏平  姜吉文 《干旱区研究》2019,36(3):621-629

采用通径分析的方法对辽宁省章古台地区10~60 a沙地樟子松人工林的多种土壤理化因子与5种土壤酶活性进行分析。结果表明：5种土壤酶活性与多数土壤理化因子相关性显著，土壤酶活性能够表征该区域土壤综合肥力状况。不同土壤酶活性主要影响因子不同，蔗糖酶主要影响因子综合作用排序为：有机质>黏粒>速效磷>pH；蛋白酶主要影响因子综合作用排序为：碱解氮>速效钾>含水率；磷酸酶主要影响因子综合作用排序为：全磷>速效钾>粉粒；过氧化氢酶主要影响因子综合作用排序为：pH>容重>全磷>全钾；脲酶主要影响因子综合作用排序为：pH>黏粒>全氮>含水率。与简单相关分析相比，通径分析方法能更深入地了解土壤酶活性和土壤理化因子的关系，期望通过对土壤酶活性主要影响因子的研究为樟子松人工林的抚育和土壤改良提供依据。  相似文献   

Sap flow characteristics and physiological adjustments of two dominant tree species in pure and mixed plantations in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China     

Yakun TANG 《干旱区科学》2018,10(6):833-849

It is essential to understand the water consumption characteristics and physiological adjustments of tree species under drought conditions, as well as the effects of pure and mixed plantations on these characteristics in semi-arid regions. In this study, the normalized sap flow (SF_n), leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (g_s), and photosynthetic rate (P_r) were monitored for two dominant species, i.e., Pinus tabuliformis and Hippophae rhamnoides, in both pure and mixed plantations in a semi-arid region of Chinese Loess Plateau. A threshold-delay model showed that the lower rainfall thresholds (R^L) for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides in pure plantations were 9.6 and 11.0 mm, respectively, and the time lags (τ) after rainfall were 1.15 and 1.76 d for corresponding species, respectively. The results indicated that P. tabuliformis was more sensitive to rainfall pulse than H. rhamnoides. In addition, strong stomatal control allowed P. tabuliformis to experience low g_s and P_r in response to drought, while maintaining a high midday leaf water potential (Ψ_m). However, H. rhamnoides maintained high g_s and P_r at a low Ψ_m expense. Therefore, P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides can be considered as isohydric and anisohydric species, respectively. In mixed plantation, the values of R^L for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides were 6.5 and 8.9 mm, respectively; and the values of τ were 0.86 and 1.61 d for corresponding species, respectively, which implied that mixed afforestation enhanced the rainfall pulse sensitivity for both two species, especially for P. tabuliformis. In addition, mixed afforestation significantly reduced SF_n, g_s, and P_r for P. tabuliformis (P<0.05), while maintaining a high leaf water potential status. However, no significant effect of mixed afforestation of H. rhamnoides was observed at the expense of leaf water potential status in response to drought. Although inconsistent physiological responses were adopted by these species, the altered water consumption characteristics, especially for P. tabuliformis indicated that the mixed afforestation requires further investigation.  相似文献   

Severe drought strongly reduces water use and its recovery ability of mature Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.) in a semi-arid sandy environment of northern China     

DANG Hongzhong 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):880-891

Trees growing in a semi-arid sandy environment are often exposed to drought conditions due to seasonal variations in precipitation, low soil water retention and deep groundwater level. However, adaptability and plasticity of individuals to the changing drought conditions greatly vary among tree species. In this study, we estimated water use (T_s) of Mongolian Scots pine (MSP; Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.) based on sap flux density measurements over four successive years (2013-2016) that exhibited significant fluctuations in precipitation in a semi-arid sandy environment of northern China. The results showed that fluctuations in daily T_s synchronously varied with dry-wet cycles of soil moisture over the study period. The daily ratio of water use to reference evapotranspiration (T_s/ET₀) on sunny days in each year showed a negative linear relationship with the severity of drought in the upper soil layer (0-1 m; P<0.01). The decrease in Ts induced by erratic drought during the growing season recovered due to precipitation. However, this recovery ability failed under prolonged and severe droughts. The T_s/ET₀ ratio significantly declined with the progressive reduction in the groundwater level (g_w) over the study period (P<0.01). We concluded that the upper soil layer contributed the most to the T_s of MSP during the growing season. The severity and duration of droughts in this layer greatly reduced T_s. Nevertheless, g_w determined whether the T_s could completely recover after the alleviation of long-term soil drought. These results provide practical information for optimizing MSP management to stop ongoing degradation in the semi-arid sandy environments.  相似文献   

Effects of native and invasive Prosopis species on topsoil physiochemical properties in an arid riparian forest of Hormozgan Province,Iran     

Maryam MOSLEHI JOUYBARI 《干旱区科学》2022,14(10):1099-1108

Biological invasions can alter soil properties within the range of their introduced, leading to impacts on ecosystem services, ecosystem functions, and biodiversity. To better understand the impacts of biological invasions on soil, we compared topsoil physiochemical properties at sites with invasive alien tree species (Prosopis juliflora), native tree species (Prosopis cineraria, Acacia tortilis, and Acacia ehrenbergiana), and mixed tree species in Hormozgan Province of Iran in May 2018. In this study, we collected 40 soil samples at a depth of 10 cm under single tree species, including P. juliflora, P. cineraria, A. tortilis, and A. ehrenbergiana, as well as under mixed tree species. The results showed that organic matter, moisture, potassium, calcium, nitrogen, and magnesium in topsoil at sites with A. tortilis and A. ehrenbergiana growing in combination with P. cineraria were higher than that at sites where P. juliflora was present (P<0.05). Sodium at sites with A. tortilis and A. ehrenbergiana growing in combination with P. cineraria and P. juliflora was lower as compared to that at sites with just A. tortilis and A. ehrenbergiana. Electrical conductivity was lower at sites with A. tortilis and A. ehrenbergiana growing in combination with P. cineraria, and it was higher at sites with mixed Acacia and P. juliflora trees. Based on the generally more positive effect of native Acacia and P. cineraria on topsoil physiochemical properties as compared to the P. julifora, afforestation with native tree species is preferable for soil restoration. In addition, due to the negative effects of P. julifora on soil properties, P. julifora spread should be better managed.  相似文献   

Diversity of soil bacteria and fungi communities in artificial forests of the sandy-hilly region of Northwest China     

GOU Qianqian 《干旱区科学》2023,15(1):109-126

Soil erosion is a serious issue in the sandy-hilly region of Shanxi Province, Northwest China. There has been gradual improvement due to vegetation restoration, but soil microbial community characteristics in different vegetation plantation types have not been widely investigated. To address this, we analyzed soil bacterial and fungal community structures, diversity, and microbial and soil environmental factors in Caragana korshinskii Kom., Populus tomentosa Carr., Populus simonii Carr., Salix matsudana Koidz, and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forests. There were no significant differences in the dominant bacterial community compositions among the five forest types. The alpha diversity of the bacteria and fungi communities showed that ACE (abundance-based coverage estimator), Chao1, and Shannon indices in C. korshinskii forest were significantly higher than those in the other four forest types (P<0.05). Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and urease had a greater impact on bacterial community composition, while total nitrogen, β-glucosidase, and urease had a greater impact on fungal community composition. The relative abundance of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms was similar across all forest types. Based on microbial community composition, diversity, and soil fertility, we ranked the plantations from most to least suitable as follows: C. korshinskii, S. matsudana, P. tabulaeformis, P. tomentosa, and P. simonii.  相似文献   

Changes in rainfall partitioning caused by the replacement of native dry forests of Lithraea molleoides by exotic plantations of Pinus elliottii in the dry Chaco mountain forests,central Argentina     

Samia S CORTéS 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):717-729

The replacement of native dry forests by commercial (exotic) tree plantations could generate changes in rainfall partitioning, which further affects the water cycle. In this study, we determined (i) the rainfall partitioning into interception, throughfall and stemflow, (ii) the role of rainfall event size on rainfall partitioning, (iii) the pH of water channelized as throughfall and stemflow, and (iv) the runoff in Lithraea molleoides (a native species) and Pinus elliottii (an exotic species) stands in the dry Chaco mountain forests, central Argentina. On average, interception, throughfall and stemflow accounted for 19.3%, 79.5% and 1.2% of the gross rainfall in L. molleoides stand, and 32.6%, 66.7% and 0.7% of the gross rainfall in P. elliottii stand, respectively. Amounts of interception, throughfall and stemflow presented positive linear relationships with the increment of rainfall event size for both tree species (P<0.01 in all cases). Percentages of interception, throughfall and stemflow were all related to the increment of rainfall event size, showing different patterns. With increasing rainfall event size, interception exponentially decreased, throughfall asymptotically increased and stemflow linearly increased. Both P. elliottii and L. molleoides stands presented significant differences in the pH values of water channelized as throughfall (6.3 vs. 6.7, respectively; P<0.01) and stemflow (4.5 vs. 5.8, respectively; P<0.01). Runoff occupied only 0.3% of the gross rainfall in P. elliottii stand and was zero in L. molleoides stand. Our results showed that the native species L. molleoides presented 13.6% more water reaching the topsoil (i.e., net rainfall; net rainfall=gross rainfall-interception-runoff) than the exotic species P. elliottii. This study improves our understanding of the effects of native vegetation replacement on the local water balance in the dry forest ecosystems.  相似文献   

土壤水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿光合特性及其生物量的影响     

刘军  齐广平  康燕霞  马彦麟  栗志 《干旱区研究》2019,36(4):893-900

紫花苜蓿是我国重要的豆科牧草，具有较强的抗旱能力，而水分亏缺是影响其产量的主要逆境因子之一。通过大田试验对不同水分胁迫下紫花苜蓿的光合特性及产量进行研究，结果表明：① 土壤水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿光响应参数影响显著(P＜0.05)，随着水分胁迫的加剧，最大净光合速率、表观量子效率、光饱和点逐渐降低，暗呼吸速率、光补偿点逐渐升高，从而直接影响紫花苜蓿光合作用对弱光的吸收和转化效率。② 随着水分胁迫的加剧紫花苜蓿叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈显著的下降趋势，气孔导度(Gs)呈先下降后上升的趋势，表明轻度水分胁迫下气孔因素是Pn下降的主要因素，中度和重度水分胁迫下非气孔因素是Pn降低的主要因素。③ 当光合有效辐射(PAR)为1 200 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时，轻度水分胁迫的水分利用效率(WUE)显著大于充分灌溉的WUE (P<0.05)，表明适度水分胁迫可提高紫花苜蓿叶片的水分利用效率。④ 轻度水分胁迫与充分灌溉干草产量之间无显著差异，表明轻度水分胁迫能达到高产节水的目的。  相似文献