共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
用扫描电镜观察了甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂交过程中花粉粒与柱头间的认识反应，结果表明，正反交的花粉与柱头间认识反应是完全不同的．油菜柱头接受诸葛菜花粉后，个别提前萌发的花粉管能进入柱头，但当花粉大量萌发后，花粉管则不能进入柱头，在柱头表面出现爬行、扭曲、肿胀、产生分枝等不亲和现象．诸葛菜柱头接受油菜花粉后，多数花粉不能萌发，少数花粉管一旦萌发，即能顺利进入柱头。 相似文献
2.
澳洲坚果授粉试验及花粉管生长的荧光显微观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
澳洲坚果品种HAES900的授粉试验及花粉管生长的荧光显微观察表明:HAES900×D4、HAES900×HAES695、HAES900×HAES900平均每个花序的最终座果率分别为0.56%、0.25%、0.12%,异花授粉的最终座果率比自花授粉的高出108%～367%,说明品种HAES900的异交亲和性好于自交亲和性;HAES900自花授粉的20个花序中,最终仅有20%的花序结实,说明品种HAES900可能具有部分自交不亲和性;澳洲坚果授粉后6h柱头上花粉大量萌发;异花授粉花柱基部的花粉管数量是自花授粉的2.5倍。 相似文献
3.
One of the major problems of confection sunflowers is low seed set. We studied the relationship between seed set and the origin of pollen, either self or cross, and the effects of stigmatic sprays of calcium nitrate, boric acid and polyphenols on seed set. In a screen-house experiment, seed set was analyzed for three predetermined regions in the sunflower capitulum: distal, median and proximal. Cross-pollination combined with calcium nitrate or boric acid spray significantly improved seed set in the distal region compared with cross-pollination alone or with cross-pollination combined with self-pollination. Neither spray had a significant effect on seed set in the median or proximal regions. Cross-pollination of the proximal region only, with either fresh pollen or 24-h-old pollen, did not improve seed set compared with cross-pollination of the whole capitulum. We found no direct link between pollen germination on the stigma and seed set. However, each region of the capitulum responded differently to self- or cross-pollination. In two open-field experiments, stigmatic applications of calcium nitrate significantly increased seed set by approximately 9% compared with open pollination alone, while stigmatic applications of polyphenols significantly increased seed set by approximately 9% only once, suggesting that commercial yields may be increased by using similar applications. 相似文献
4.
为了解茶梅品种间杂交亲和性并为其亲本选择选配提供理论依据，以 12 个茶梅品种为材料，采用不规则配组法共配对 72 个组合，开展了花粉活力比较及杂交亲和性试验。结果表明，有 66 个杂交组合能结实（91.7%），每个组合平均结实率为28.63%，其中 14 对组合杂交亲和性强（结实率在 50%以上），并以‘晚霞’ב银元’的杂交亲和性最好（结实率达 100%），43 对组合杂交亲和性较强（结实率在 10.0%~46.2%），9 对组合的杂交亲和性较差（结实率低于 10%）；另有 6 对杂交组合无法获得杂交果实（8.3%）；花粉活力对杂交亲和性有一定的影响，但杂交亲和性与花粉活力没有必然的因果关系。供试茶梅品种中，‘有希’作为杂交父本或母本的亲和性均表现较强，‘乙女’、‘秋芍药’、‘昭和之荣’作为杂交母本的结实性较强，‘东红牡丹’、‘丹玉’、‘银元’、‘堪次郎’作杂交父本可增强母本结实性，‘晚霞’具有适合作杂交母本的单一偏向性。 相似文献
5.
Induced polyploidy in inter‐subspecific maize hybrids to reduce heterosis breakdown and restore reproductive fertility 
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下载免费PDF全文 I. A. K. Niazi S. Rauf J. A. Teixeira da Silva Z. Iqbal H. Munir 《Grass and Forage Science》2015,70(4):682-694
The aim of this study was to reduce the breakdown of hybrid vigour by crossing maize × teosinte subspecies through induced tetraploidy and to improve the biomass and reproductive fertility of the induced tetraploids. To achieve this, seeds of maize breeding lines selected from an open‐pollinated population ‘Sargodha‐2002’ and a maize × teosinte cross were germinated in colchicine solution (0·25, 0·5 or 1·0%) until they had a thick radical and protruded plumule. Colchicine at 0·5% induced the highest number of tetraploids with the lowest number of chimeric plants. The induced tetraploids of maize and maize × teosinte crosses showed a significant (P ≤ 0·05) increase in leaf area (5 and 14%), total soluble solids (20 and 18%), leaf oil percentage (42 and 12%) and leaf crude protein contents (10 and 14%) in leaves relative to the diploid subspecies. Moreover, induced tetraploidy also arrested hybrid vigour by slowing down the decay of heterosis in progenies (4x) for plant height, leaf biomass and leaf oil percentage. Induced maize × teosinte hybrid tetraploids selected for frequent bivalent chromosome pairing resulted in higher seed setting cob?1 (increased 58%), pollen fertility (increased 59%) and seed setting percentage (increased 100%) than the quadrivalent variant. 相似文献
6.
芸芥自交亲和系与自交不亲和系 sOD、POD和CAT酶活性 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
对芸芥( Eruca sativaMill)自交亲和系( SC)与自交不亲和系( SI)柱头SOD、POD和CAT三种酶活性进行 了测定。自交亲和系和自交不亲和系在授粉后都能引起SOD、POD和CAT三种保护性酶活性的变化。比较SC和 SI的酶活性发现,在未授粉时二者SOD酶活性差异显著,而POD和CAT酶活性则无显著性差异;异花授粉后SC 和SI的三种酶活性表现了相似的趋势,在各个时间段上无差异;自花授粉后自交亲和系的酶活性显著高于自交不 亲和系的酶活性。结果表明, SOD、POD和CAT三种酶活性的变化与自交亲和系所具有的自交亲和基因的调控有 关。 相似文献
7.
为了解茶梅品种间杂交亲和性并为其亲本选择选配提供理论依据，以 12 个茶梅品种为材料，采用不规则配组 法共配对 72 个组合，开展了花粉活力比较及杂交亲和性试验。结果表明，有 66 个杂交组合能结实（91.7%），每个组 合平均结实率为 28.63%，其中 14 对组合杂交亲和性强（结实率在 50%以上），并以‘晚霞’ב银元’的杂交亲和性 最好（结实率达 100%），43 对组合杂交亲和性较强（结实率在 10.0%~46.2%），9 对组合的杂交亲和性较差（结实率 低于 10%）；另有 6 对杂交组合无法获得杂交果实（8.3%）；花粉活力对杂交亲和性有一定的影响，但杂交亲和性与 花粉活力没有必然的因果关系。供试茶梅品种中，‘有希’作为杂交父本或母本的亲和性均表现较强，‘乙女’、‘秋 芍药’、‘昭和之荣’作为杂交母本的结实性较强，‘东红牡丹’、‘丹玉’、‘银元’、‘堪次郎’作杂交父本可 增强母本结实性，‘晚霞’具有适合作杂交母本的单一偏向性。 相似文献
8.
芝麻花粉附着、萌发与花粉管伸长过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中芝14号为试验材料,采用荧光显微镜和石蜡切片法研究芝麻花粉在柱头上附着、萌发、伸长及在花柱内生长全过程.于授粉后不同时间段连续取样固定,并进行显微观察和数据统计.结果表明,在芝麻柱头上,授粉后5min基本无花粉萌发,10min有极少量花粉萌发,30min大量花粉开始萌发,并长出花粉管.花粉管具明显的绿色荧光,进入羽毛状柱头后继续生长于花柱基部至子房顶部的引导组织内.授粉后2h,生长最快的花粉管已经到达花柱基部,花粉管的平均生长速度约为3.0mm/h.授粉后4h,大量花粉管进入子房.即使在授粉后24h,仍有部分花粉在萌发和生长中. 相似文献
9.
将琯溪蜜柚和度尾蜜柚2个品种的雌蕊,分别短截成柱头、花柱和子房3个部位的组织块,移植到培养基上培养,播上本品种或异品种的花粉,通过荧光显微技术,观察雌蕊的不同部位对交配亲和性的影响。结果表明：本品种或异品种的花粉虽然在3个部位组织块上均能正常萌发,但在本品种子房组织块上出现了强烈不亲和反应;琯溪蜜柚在胚囊中观察到因胼胝质积累而出现的强烈荧光。推测子房是2个品种自交不亲和的主要抑制部位,胚囊也是琯溪蜜柚不亲和的关键抑制部位。 相似文献
10.
Mehran Torkian Mohammad R. Sabzalian Mohammad Hossein Ehtemam 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(3):559-570
Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a putative turf and forage plant characterized as mainly outcrossing in which the extent of self‐fertilization and its consequences has not been investigated. In this study, selfed and half‐sib family seeds were obtained from ten clonally propagated ryegrass plants among which two were endophyte‐free (EF) and eight were endophyte‐infected (EI). Then, 20 seed populations plus two commercial varieties of Speedy and Vigor were sown and evaluated in a biennial experiment for their turf and forage characteristics. Selfing caused significant inbreeding depression for plant fresh and dry weight and leaf length and width in the first year for both EI and EF genotypes. In the second year, only leaf length remained depressed among these characters. Also, for the most growth, turf and reproductive traits, EI populations showed less depression. The presence of endophyte in self‐pollinated populations made an increasing effect for the number of seed per spike and days to heading, although seed weight was reduced. Some of the populations derived from self‐pollination and infected with fungal endophyte including S9 and S10 were even superior to the two commercial varieties in terms of both seed production and turf characteristics. However, for seed‐related characteristics including number of spikes per plant, seed weight and seed yield, EF populations including Speedy and Vigor were more reproductive than EI populations. It is concluded that selfing may increase the discrimination between EI and EF ryegrass plants because endophyte infection may mitigate the negative consequences of inbreeding depression in prone populations. 相似文献
11.
The germination of pollen grain in vitro and the growth of pollen tube in the pistil of rice were observed with a microscope. The stigma was removed at different time points after pollination to study its effect on seed setting rate. The rice pollen grain started to germinate at 2 min after pollination and the pollen tube penetrated stigma into style in 5–10 min, 30 min later the end of pollen tube reached the bottom of ovary, and only some pollen tubes arrived at embryo sac at 40 min after pollination. Mea... 相似文献
12.
水稻花粉萌发及花粉管生长动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用显微镜观察水稻花粉粒的萌发、花粉管在雌蕊中的生长以及授粉后不同时间剪除柱头处理对颖花结实率的影响。 水稻花粉粒在授粉2 min后开始萌发;5～10 min后花粉管穿过柱头进入花柱生长;约经30 min花粉管顶端到达子房基部;40 min时有些花粉管顶端可接近胚囊,此时花粉管内胼胝质形成,但数量较少;50 min后花粉管内胼胝质塞大量形成,花粉粒萎缩干瘪。水稻花粉管在柱头、花柱和子房中的生长速率分别为1500、5000、5400 μm/h。水稻授粉后10～15 min剪除柱头的处理只有极少量颖花结实,授粉后20～50 min剪除柱头处理的颖花结实率随处理时间推迟而升高,授粉后50 min剪除柱头处理的结实率达60％以上,接近正常。 相似文献
13.
Factors reducing yield of organic white clover seed production were investigated in Denmark. In thirty‐six fields from different regions, density of flower heads, and weevils of the genera Apion and Hypera, hatching from flower heads, were assessed. In fifteen of these fields, additional measurements were made in order to calculate potential yield and yield‐reducing factors. Flower heads had a mean of ninety‐two florets per head, of which proportionately 0·59 were intact, 0·08 were not pollinated and 0·34 damaged by weevils; 0·16 of the florets contained larvae of Apion species. In intact florets the mean number of seeds was 3·6. Density and size of flower heads were correlated with low density of flower heads leading to significantly more florets per head. The number of seeds per intact floret was correlated with the proportion of unpollinated florets. The number of insect‐damaged florets was influenced by both larvae of Apion in and the numbers of Hypera nigrirostris (Fabr.) hatched from flower heads. One larva of H. nigrirostris caused approximately ten times the damage of a larva of Apion. Densities of Apion and Hypera were influenced by location, with fields with adjacent weevil sources being most at risk. An estimate of potential seed yield showed that, even under good harvest conditions, only a small part of potential seed yield is realized and that under suboptimal harvest conditions seed loss is high. The main factors responsible for low yields in Danish organic white clover seed production were identified as unfavourable harvest conditions and weevil damage. 相似文献
14.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):90-93
SummaryThe objectives of this study are to compare the floret sterility induced by a high temperature given in the daytime during the flowering period among nine japonica rice varieties, and to clarify the mechanism of the high-temperature-induced sterility. Nine japonica rice varieties were subjected to 35.0, 37.5 or 40.0°C day- temperature conditions (1000-1600) for six consecutive days using sun-lit phytotrons, and the percentage of fertility, pollination and germinated pollen grains on the stigmas were examined. The temperature that caused 50% sterility varied with the variety, and a difference of approximately 3.0°C was observed between the most tolerant and susceptible varieties. Under the 37.5°C day-temperature condition, the percentage of florets with 10 or more germinated pollen grains was roughly coincident with the percent fertility, but under the 40° C day-temperature condition, it was higher than the percent fertility. Many of the florets with less than 10 germinated pollen grains had less than 20 total pollen grains on their stigmas under both temperature conditions. From these results, we concluded that sure pollination under high-temperature conditions is an important factor and that the high-temperature tolerance of the processes following pollen germination is also required for fertility under excessively high temperature conditions. 相似文献
15.
Summary Successive generations of open pollinated (OP) true potato seed (TPS) families represent a low-cost planting material. This
study was conducted to determine whether inbreeding occurred during two successive OP generations and, if so, whether it adversely
affected the performance of transplant families from true seed. Potato seedling transplants from 4x×2x hybrid, OP1, OP2, S1 and S2 families were compared for plant vigour, flowering, pollen stainability, OP fruit set, tuber yield and specific gravity.
Hybrids were consistently superior, while S2 families were inferior. The performance of OP1, OP2 and S1 families did not differ significantly for most traits. The accumulation of inbreeding in successive OP generations was limited
by reduced OP seed production on selfed plants; thus, a synthetic TPS variety propagated by open pollination may be feasible.
Paper no. 3162 from the Department of Genetics, University of Madison. 相似文献
16.
不同授粉方式的花粉密度分布与结实效应研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
运用空中花粉捕捉法测定了风机、竹竿、绳索等３种不同人工辅助授粉方式的田间花粉密度空间分布状态，并取样调查了其母本异交结实率。结果表明，风机授粉的田间花粉密度在母本穗层的水平分布与垂直分布均比竹竿、绳索授粉的均匀，母本异交结实率比竹竿授粉提高１５．３％。本试验认为，采用风机授粉是今后人工辅助授粉的发展方向，是进一步提高制种产量的有效授粉方式。 相似文献
17.
18.
以不同类型的 6个玉米自交系昌 7-2、 S122、 PH4CV、 M54、 12H21、 CL85为材料,测定其花丝伸长速率、花丝逐日吐出数目、不同日龄花丝授粉后的结实率及穗粒数和百粒重、完全吐丝授粉后花粉管通道的形成时间。结果表明,昌 7-2、 S122、 PH4CV、 M54、 CL85花丝伸长速率峰值出现在吐丝后第 2天, 12H21出现在第 3天,昌 7-2、 M54花丝伸长速率较快,S122花丝持续伸长过程最短。不同自交系吐丝数量呈先升高后降低趋势,日吐丝数量最大值出现在吐丝后第 2～3天。昌 7-2、 PH4CV、 M54、 12H21、 CL85花丝授粉结实持续日数最长, S122结实持续日数最短,PH4CV第 2天结实率达到峰值。吐丝后第 1～2天授粉百粒重较高但差异不明显。昌 7-2、 S122、 PH4CV、 M54、12H21、 CL85花丝授粉后 2 h剪去其花粉管通道均未打通,结实子粒数均为 0,花丝授粉后从 4 h剪去开始结实,直至8 h剪去花丝其结实子粒数处于升高阶段, 10 h之后结实子粒数趋于平缓。 相似文献
19.
在蒙导条件下转bar基因水稻与无芒稗间的基因漂移 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以转基因水稻Y0003和99-t为父本,无芒稗为母本,在蒙导条件下研究转基因水稻与无芒稗间潜在的基因漂移可能性。用光学显微镜观察了用不同方法（紫外灯照射,反复冻融,黑暗放置）制备的蒙导花粉蒙导条件下转基因水稻花粉在无芒稗柱头上的萌发生长情况,并与无芒稗自花授粉的情况相比较。结果表明,在供试的所有蒙导花粉蒙导条件下,两种转基因水稻的花粉在无芒稗柱头上虽能萌发,但花粉管扭曲成各种形状而不能进入无芒稗柱头。与无芒稗自花授粉的花粉萌发生长有极明显的差异。杂交也不结实。说明蒙导花粉不能克服转基因水稻和无芒稗的不亲和性,转基因水稻与无芒稗间基因漂移的可能性极小。 相似文献
20.
Plains rough fescue (Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper) is a dominant grass in the endangered Fescue Prairie of North America. Infrequent and unpredictable seed production presents a challenge for the use of this species in restoration and rangeland seeding. The objective of this study was to compare seed yield of different plains rough fescue populations and to determine the dependence of seed yield on phenotypic characteristics. Effect of weather conditions during the floral induction and initiation period of different years of the study was also compared. In 2007, a completely randomized field plot experiment was established from eleven populations of plains rough fescue at Swift Current, SK, Canada. In 2007, 2010 and 2011, individual plant seed yield, reproductive tillers, above‐ground biomass, plant height and crown diameter were measured, and plant vigour was scored. All measured variables differed significantly (P ≤ 0·05) among populations. Four populations were identified as having higher seed yield potential. Plants in these four populations also had characteristics of good plant vigour, taller stems, more reproductive tillers and greater biomass. Seed yield increased linearly with increasing plant height, crown diameter, above‐ground biomass and number of reproductive tillers (r2 ranged 0·17–0·67, P < 0·001), but number of reproductive tillers (r2 = 0·53–0·67, P < 0·001) was a better predictor for selection of lines with higher seed yield. Although seed yield varied among years, populations with higher seed yield tended to produce greater amounts of seed over the period of the study. 相似文献