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乳酸菌复合系和植物乳杆菌提高柳枝稷青贮效果 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
该文旨在探讨接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）对柳枝稷青贮效果的影响。以营养生长阶段的柳枝稷为原料,分别接种1 OD600/kg 鲜质量的SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum,以不接菌的处理作为对照。在发酵第3、10、20和30天开罐取样进行检测分析发酵饲料品质,通过短期人工瘤胃技术测定体外瘤胃发酵参数的变化,并运用高通量测序技术分析原料和青贮料的细菌多样性。结果表明：接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum均能有效抑制Enterobacter和Clostridium,使Lactobacillus成为控制发酵的优势菌,加快青贮过程中pH值的下降速率,提高柳枝稷青贮饲料品质,并提高柳枝稷青贮料的瘤胃发酵效果,复合菌系SGL比纯培养的Lactobacillus Plantarum的效果更突出。 相似文献
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复合系WSC-6的菌种组成特性及其木质纤维素分解能力 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用平板分离法与变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)法研究了高效分解木质纤维素的微生物复合系WSC-6的菌种组成，平板法分离得到了9株好气性的细菌，它们与Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis、Tepidiphilus margaritifer、Bacillus sp. E53-10、Proteobacterium S072、Beta proteobacterium HMD444、Rhizobiaceae str. M100、Petrobacter succinimandens BON4、Bacillus thermoamylovorans、Paenibacillus sp. SAFN-016的相似率分别达到了97.5％，99.0％，98.4％，100％，98.9％，99.3％，98.1％，99.5％，99.8%。利用DGGE分析表明，复合系中还存在利用平板法难以培养的5株厌氧或者兼性厌氧细菌，它们的16SrDNA V3区的序列与Ureibacillus thermosphaericu、Clostridium thermosuccinogenes、Clostridium thermopalmarium、Uncultured Clostridium sp. clone A1-3、Uncultured bacterium tbr4-24具有很高的相似率。在50℃静置培养条件下，接种3d 后复合系WSC-6可以分解添加稻秆总量的81.3％。好氧菌与厌氧菌共存于复合系中，复合系表现出了高的细菌组成多样性，从而保证了复合系具有强的稳定性和多菌协同分解木质纤维素的能力，明确菌种组成多样性对于研究复合系高效分解木质纤维素的机理意义重大。 相似文献
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该研究以燕麦青贮料的自然微生物为菌群来源,通过对其长期限制性培养和定向驯化,在10和25℃各筛选了一组能快速降低燕麦青贮料p H值、增加乳酸等风味物质、组成稳定的乳酸菌复合菌系,分别命名为LDS和MDS。LDS中主要为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus);MDS中主要为片球菌属(Pediococcus)、明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)。以不添加复合菌系作为对照,燕麦中分别添加LDS、MDS,在10和25℃下进行青贮发酵,其中在10℃条件下,不添加复合菌系、添加LDS和MDS的分别记为10 CK、10 LDS和10 MDS,在25℃条件下的分别记为25CK、25LDS和25MDS。结果表明10LDS中乳酸菌数量是10CK的7400倍,乳酸含量比10CK提高14.3%;25MDS的乳酸菌数量是25 CK的27 000倍,乳酸含量比25CK增加30.3%。通过DGGE和Q-PCR技术,接种复合菌系发酵10 d时青贮料中的微生物群落已基本稳定,接种菌株在青贮料中得到定植。LDS、MDS在不同温度(10、25℃)下接种燕麦,发酵30 d后10LDS比10MDS乳酸含量高17.1%,乙酸高23%;25MDS比25LDS乳酸含量高19.0%,乙酸低19.5%。接种LDS复合菌系后WSC (水溶性碳水化合物,water soluble carbohydrate)、CP (粗蛋白,crude protein)、DMR(干物质回收,drymatterrecovery)都显著提高,LDS在10和25℃条件下能更好的保存燕麦中的营养成分,提高其营养品质。LDS在10和25℃中均可有效定植;MDS在25℃中有效定植,但在在10℃下未能定植。因此LDS对温度适应性更强。 相似文献
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藏嵩草绿汁发酵液提高苜蓿青贮发酵品质 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为探讨不同海拔藏嵩草绿汁发酵液(previous fermented juice,PFJ)对青贮饲料发酵品质和营养价值的影响,以苜蓿为青贮原料,分别添加4种不同海拔的藏嵩草PFJ及添加等量蒸馏水为对照制作苜蓿青贮,每个处理4次重复,青贮60d后分别测定其发酵品质和营养成分。结果表明,藏嵩草附着及PFJ中乳酸菌数随着海拔升高显著增加(P<0.05);与对照组相比,添加4种PFJ均能显著降低袋装苜蓿青贮的pH值、乙酸和丁酸含量(P<0.05),并且随着海拔升高呈降低趋势;添加4种PFJ均显著增加了苜蓿青贮的干物质(dry matter,DM)和可溶性糖(water soluble carbohydrate,WSC)含量(P<0.05),海拔越高,藏嵩草绿汁发酵液对苜蓿青贮过程中蛋白降解的抑制作用越强,青贮饲料中非蛋白氮(non-protein nitrogen,NPN)的含量越低(P<0.05)。综合试验结果,添加藏嵩草绿汁发酵液可以明显改善苜蓿青贮的发酵品质,抑制青贮过程中蛋白的降解,且藏嵩草生长的海拔越高其绿汁发酵液制作的苜蓿青贮饲料品质越好。该研究结果为进一步开发利用高寒地区牧草附着乳酸菌种质资源及研制开发青贮饲料乳酸菌制剂提供了参考。 相似文献
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天津半干旱地区不同种植年限菜田土壤微生物变化特征的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对天津周边半干旱地区不同种植年限的菜田土壤微生物状况调查研究表明 ,该地区土壤微生物以细菌为主 ,夏季微生物总量大大高于冬季 ;随着种菜年限的增加 ,耕层和亚耕层微生物总量都有增加趋势 ,其中细菌和放线菌增加明显 ,真菌有下降趋势 ;真菌类群分析表明 ,少数纤维素分解菌 ,如青霉 (Penicillium)、木霉 (Trichoderma)等为优势菌 ,而糖和木质素分解菌仅占少数。用尖孢镰刀霉 (Fusariumuoxysporum)、大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli)接种不同种菜年限土壤 ,检测土壤拮抗菌状况发现 ,拮抗菌仅在种植年限长的老菜田的放线菌中发现。表明北方半干旱地区菜田土壤细菌为优势菌 ,主要存在于土壤微孔隙中 ;而适于生活在土壤疏松大孔隙中的真菌数量极少。应注意土壤结构的改良 ,为丰富土壤微生物提供良好的生态环境 相似文献
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添加乳酸菌和葡萄糖对苜蓿青贮品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
初花期收获的苜蓿经过0h、8h和32h的晾晒(干物质含量分别为27.15%、38.45%、50.87%),添加不同含量的乳酸菌 葡萄糖(0、105cfu/g 20g/kg、106cfu/g 15g/kg、107cfu/g 10g/kg)进行青贮,其品质测定结果表明:无添加剂直接青贮时,苜蓿低水分(干物质含量为50.87%)青贮的效果最好,其青贮综合评定为82分;添加乳酸菌 葡萄糖青贮时,3种不同干物质水平中以凋萎苜蓿(干物质含量为38.45%)青贮后青贮料的青贮品质和综合评定最好;苜蓿较低干物质含量(27.15%)条件下,适中的乳酸菌和葡萄糖添加量(106cfu/g 15g/kg)可以得到最好的青贮效果和最高的综合评分;而在干物质含量为38.45%和50.87%条件下,乳酸菌和葡萄糖添加量为107cfu/g 10g/kg时,可以得到较好的青贮效果和最高的综合评分。 相似文献
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接种木质纤维素分解复合菌系对堆肥发酵进程的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以具有高效木质纤维素分解能力的复合菌系作为接菌剂,接种到以牛粪、鸡粪和麦秸为材料的堆肥化过程中,测定了各发酵参数和物质成分的变化.利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和末端限制性片断多态性(T-RFLP)分析方法,研究了堆肥发酵过程中微生物群落的动态.结果表明,接菌对堆肥化过程中温度、水分和pH值的影响不大.经63 d发酵之后,接菌处理的半纤维素、纤维素和木质素的减重率比不接菌处理分别高4.3%、3.0%和3.4%.接菌处理的各个发酵阶段C/N比也明显低于不接菌处理.DGGE和T-RFLP的结果显示,接菌后堆肥发酵初期复合系中的 Ureibacillus thermosphaericu、Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis、Tepidiphilus margaritifer、Rhizobiaceae str.M100、C thermobutyricum 和Bacillus thermoamylovorans 菌株大量定殖于堆肥体系中,DGGE图谱中可见接种处理堆肥体系中的条带数少于不接菌处理,而同一水平线的条带亮度明显高于不接菌处理.DGGE和T-RFLP的结果都表明接菌处理的微生物多样性少于不接菌处理.可见接种微生物在堆肥体系中占据优势,抑制了部分杂菌生长,促进了发酵进程. 相似文献
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为改善苜蓿的发酵品质,软化初花期骆驼刺的刺状花梗,确定二者的适宜混贮比例。采用初花期骆驼刺、紫花苜蓿及其二者不同比例混合料为青贮原料,共5个处理,青贮90 d后,通过分析青贮前、后的化学成分、乳酸菌和酵母菌数量变化;鉴定青贮饲料感官品质和发酵品质,研究骆驼刺与苜蓿混合青贮对青贮品质的影响。结果表明,2种豆科牧草混合后,干物质、可溶性碳水化合物含量、乳酸菌数量和酵母菌数量较苜蓿显著提高(P0.05);青贮90 d后的所有青贮饲料,乳酸菌数量明显上升,酵母菌数量明显下降;混贮饲料的pH值、氨态氮/总氮、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和甲醇、乙醇、丙醇含量显著低于苜蓿青贮(P0.05或P0.01),乳酸含量显著高于苜蓿青贮(P0.01);混贮饲料的乙酸、丙酸含量显著高于骆驼刺(P0.01),混贮饲料有氧稳定性好,感官品质优良。骆驼刺占混贮料的30%及以上时,均能改善苜蓿青贮品质。研究结果为骆驼刺资源开发利用,寻找无添加剂高水分苜蓿青贮方法提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为了在早期诊断和确定番茄枯萎病的发生, 本文采用溶液培养方法研究了番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Miller)幼苗剪根接种不同浓度枯萎病菌后染病植株维管束受害程度和抗氧化系统的响应。试验设4个病原菌梯度处理, B1(104 cfu·mL-1)、B2(106 cfu·mL-1)、B3(107 cfu·mL-1)、B4(108 cfu·mL-1), 以不接病原菌为对照; 分别在接种病原菌后4 d、8 d、12 d、16 d、20 d测定维管束褐变情况和抗氧化系统的变化。结果表明, 在水培条件下, 接种病原菌16 d植株维管束出现褐变, 其受害程度随病原菌接种浓度提高而增大; 维管束中病原菌只在B4处理中有检出。番茄叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量随接种时间呈先降后升趋势, 12 d开始逐渐上升, 20 d达到最高, 各接菌处理均显著高于对照, 且B4处理显著高于其他处理; 过氧化物酶(POD)活性先缓慢下降, 12 d后回升, B4则急剧上升; 多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性逐渐上升, 接菌16 d时达到高峰; 随接菌浓度的提高, MDA含量、POD和PPO活性均有所增加, 尤以接菌浓度为108 cfu·mL-1时3种指标显著高于其他处理, 分别是未接菌植株的13.1倍、12.9倍和1.9倍; 而培养时间对番茄叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响没有明显规律, 对照菌株CAT活性显著高于各接菌处理, 说明CAT活性对番茄枯萎病病原菌没有响应。本研究结果表明, 结合番茄茎的维管束褐变现象, 认为番茄叶片中MDA含量、POD和PPO活性可作为早期判断番茄是否感染枯萎病的重要指标。 相似文献
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Jingjing Wan Weining Huang Jing Zhong Liqun Huang Patricia Rayas‐Duarte Bin Liu 《Cereal Chemistry》2011,88(2):153-158
Flour was obtained from oats fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to study the effect of fermentation on the physical properties and the suitability of fermented oats for use in starch noodle production. The results showed that fermented samples had a significantly lower pH than control samples. Gel strength and amylose content initially increased and then decreased (P < 0.05) with fermentation time. The peak viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback value decreased with fermentation time. Fermented noodles showed a higher hardness and springiness. In particular, Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) induced the highest springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience over 12 hr of fermentation. The cooking quality evaluation indicated that fermentation improved the quality of oat starch noodles. Fermented oats resulted in noodles with low cooking loss and higher cooking weight compared to noodles made from fresh flour. The use of LP for 12 hr of fermentation time yielded noodles of the best quality. 相似文献
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为探讨金属肽酶在苜蓿青贮过程中对蛋白的降解作用,以苜蓿（Medicago stativa L.）绿汁发酵液模拟青贮发酵过程,添加金属肽酶抑制剂后,测定发酵后第0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3、4、5、7和14天时绿汁发酵液的蛋白组分。结果表明,在苜蓿发酵液发酵过程中添加金属肽酶抑制剂能够降低pH值、非蛋白氮、游离氨基酸和氨态氮含量,增加乳酸含量;发酵第14天时,抑制剂处理组非蛋白氮、游离氨基酸和氨态氮质量分数为483.98 g/kg TN,256.98 g/kg TN和26.11 g/kg TN,与对照组相比分别降低28.92%,38.59%和67.08%。金属肽酶对苜蓿发酵液蛋白降解起着一定的作用;添加金属肽酶抑制剂能够提高发酵液发酵品质。 相似文献
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[目的]研究黄土高原地区土壤微生物群落结构及其主要生理类群在杏树不同嵌套种植模式中的地位和作用。[方法]用"平板培养法"和常规方法,研究了不同嵌套模式下土壤微生物三大类群、主要功能群组成、土壤全氮及有机质含量的变化,并以系统聚类及主成分分析(PCA)等方法进行数据分析。[结果](1)土壤微生物总数量及三大类群数量以杏树与紫花苜蓿的嵌套模式最高(p0.05),杏树嵌套黄花菜和紫花苜蓿次之(p0.05),其余嵌套模式间无显著性变化(p0.05);(2)在杏树和紫花苜蓿的模式中土壤固氮菌数量、氨化细菌和纤维素分解菌数量最高(p0.05),杏树和黄花菜和紫花苜蓿嵌套模式次之(p0.05);(3)土壤微生物三大类群中,土壤放线菌数量对Shannon—Wiener指数的大小变化起着较大作用;(4)依据可培养微生物组成,5种嵌套模式可划分为3个类群,嵌套植被对土壤微生物组成的影响不同,紫花苜蓿对土壤微生物学性质的作用更强。[结论]杏树在不同嵌套种植模式下土壤微生物群落结构组成与嵌套植被类型关系密切且具有其独特的规律及变化原因。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7-8):567-581
Abstract A greenhouse leaching column study was conducted to compare the effects of surface‐applied langbeinite (LB), phosphogypsum (PG), Ca‐ silicate slag (SS), and calcitic lime (CL) on subsoil Al and growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ‘Florida 77') in Toula silt loam soil (Typic Fragiudult). Langbeinite was found to be more effective than PG in the reduction of subsoil exchangeable Al, apparently through SO4 2‐‐induced Al precipitation. This study demonstrated that high exchangeable Al levels are not always indicative of Al toxicity in the soil solution phase. The primary factors limiting alfalfa growth in the Toula soil were found to be surface soil pH and Mn toxicity rather than subsoil Al toxicity. The liming materials, SS and CL, effectively corrected the surface soil Mn and pH problems, but had no effect on subsoil chemical properties. 相似文献
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作物系数是估算作物需水量的一个重要参数,科学地确定作物系数对准确计算农田作物耗水量、制定科学合理的灌溉制度及水利工程规划设计等具有重要的意义和实际应用价值。通过Penmman-Monteith公式、ENVIdata-DT草地蒸腾自动测量系统确定充分灌溉条件下毛乌素沙地青贮玉米及紫花苜蓿的逐日参考作物蒸散ET0与实际蒸散ETc,计算青贮玉米及紫花苜蓿的逐日作物系数,得出青贮玉米在整个生育期的作物系数均值为0.91,且在各生长阶段相差较小。苜蓿第一茬及第二茬作物系数随着时间的推进呈现递增的规律,且在6月27日第一茬收割之后,作物系数大幅减小,第一茬的作物系数均值为0.87,第二茬为0.85。并通过播后天数、累积积温逐日模拟苜蓿及青贮玉米生育期内的作物系数,结果显示,在以播种后天数、生育期累积积温为自变量的拟合模型中,决定系数R2介于0.59~0.72,拟合效果较好。 相似文献
17.
Howard Langer Mara Cea Gustavo Curaqueo Fernando Borie 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):618-628
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of aluminum (Al) in nutrient solutions on the dry weight (DW) yield, Al and phosphorus (P) contents, and organic acid exudation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Four alfalfa cultivars (‘Robust’, ‘Sceptre’, ‘Aquarius’, and ‘California-55’) were grown in nutrient solution at pH 4.5 and 6.0, with (50 and 100 μM) and without Al. The results revealed that Al caused a significant reduction in DW, especially in pH 4.5 treatment. Organic acid exudation was affected by pH and Al treatments. Citrate and succinate exudation increased with the high Al treatment at pH 4.5. However, no relationship between pH and carboxylate exudation was observed at pH 6.0. Accumulation of P and Al in roots suggests the existence of an exclusion mechanism for Al in alfalfa. Selection of cultivars with enhanced organic exudation capacity in response to Al might be useful for alfalfa production in moderately acidic soils. 相似文献
18.
Response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) to aluminum was evaluated in a nutrient culture system under controlled conditions. In each of the species, varietal differences were also compared. In the absence of Al stress, varieties of alfalfa and Tensas red clover produced more dry weight than the other legumes. However, among the legumes tested, alfalfa was the most sensitive to Al. Aluminum reduced the uptake of many of essential nutrients. Overall, red clover cultivars experienced the least reduction in elemental uptake, whereas alfalfa cultivars experienced the greatest reduction in uptake of elements under Al stress. The efficiency ratio (ER) assisted in differentiating legumes entries into efficient and inefficient utilizers of absorbed nutrients. The ER is defined as milligrams of dry shoot weight produced per milligram of element in the shoot. The presence of Al in the growth medium reduced the ER for all elements. With a few exceptions, ER for various elements, gave positive correlations with shoot weight. The species and cultivars used in this study showed inter‐ and intraspecific differences in growth, uptake of nutrients and nutrient efficiency ratios in the presence or absence of Al stress. 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9-10):2419-2432
Abstract Subsoil acidity in northeast United States has been associated with decreased yield and decreased water and fertilizer nitrogen (N) utilization by forages. Surface applications of gypsiferious products has been shown to reduce subsoil acidity largely caused by high levels of soluble aluminum (Al). Our objective was to test the effectiveness and safety of using FGD gypsum to increase dry matter (DM) yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Four and one‐half, 9, and 18 mt/ha of either commercially available agricultural gypsum or two gypsum by‐products were applied to a Rayne soil (Fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult) with a strongly acid subsoil. Agricultural and FGD gypsum increased alfalfa DM yields by as much as 21 and 14%, respectively. Correspondingly, in the subsoil, soluble Al decreased and calcium (Ca) content and Ca:Al ratio increased. Heavy metal concentrations in either the alfalfa or soils were not increased by any treatment. However, S in the alfalfa grown at the highest treatments approached concentrations that are considered to be toxic to grazing animals. 相似文献
20.
Microbial populations of the earthworm Eisenia foetida, their casts and farmyard manure (FYM) in which E. foetida had lived were enumerated with the dilution plate method using several media. The microbial community of earthworms appeared
to be similar to that of the FYM in which they had lived, while that of earthworms starved in distilled water for 24 h greatly
differed from that of the FYM. The community of the starved earthworms consisted exclusively (more than 90%) of fast growers,
which were defined as those that formed their colonies within 2 days, unlike that of the FYM (10–30%). About 30 isolates were
randomly chosen and some physiological properties were examined. The community of starved earthworms consisted exclusively
of Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, fermentative bacteria, whereas bacteria from the FYM were much more diverse and there
were no fermentative bacteria in the FYM. The predominant bacteria species of the starved earthworms were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and considered to be indigenous to the earthworm E. foetida.
Received: 18 June 1999 相似文献