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对农作物病虫害专业化统防统治的思考 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文回顾了农作物病虫害专业化统防统治的提出,并对专业化统防统治出现的原因、现状、面临的问题及加快发展专业化统防统治的对策进行了一系列的探索和研究. 相似文献
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农作物病虫害专业化统防统治管理办法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国植保导刊》2011,31(10)
第一章总则第一条为推进农作物病虫害专业化统防统治,扶持发展专业化统防统治组织,规范专业化统防统治服务行为,提升农作物病虫害防控能力,保障粮食安全、农产品质量安全和生态环境安全,制定本办法.第二条本办法所称农作物病虫害专业化统防统治(以下简称“专业化统防统治”),是指具备相应植物保护专业技术和设备的服务组织,开展社会化、规模化、集约化农作物病虫害防治服务的行为. 相似文献
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介绍了新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州农田网格化管理的新模式,并对该模式下开展病虫害专业化统防统治工作进行了系统分析,运用发展平衡和不平衡关系理论深入思考了发展和推进专业化统防统治的关键性问题,提出了新疆推进专业统防统治的总体思路. 相似文献
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害虫种群的区域性分布特征和生态调控已经成为近十年来综合治理研究的热点问题。经过几十年的发展,害虫生态调控的防控技术表现了可持续和绿色等特征,但从田块到区域尺度的生态调控系统策略还不完善,很多仍需依赖传统的化学防治为辅助。面对农业害虫区域性灾变的重大农业生态学问题,本文总结了害虫种群的区域性分布特征,包括区域性、异质性、扩散性、突发性、协同性五大特征;重点阐述了害虫种群区域性生态调控的系统策略,形成了预防性管理、靶向式调控、成灾后治理三位一体的害虫“防控治”生态调控体系,协调多种生态调控技术在区域水平内“防控治”才能有效遏制害虫种群的持续暴发;对害虫种群的区域性管理进行了展望,未来害虫种群的区域性生态调控不仅要考虑经济指标,还需要具备安全、高效、精准、可持续四大核心特点。因此,害虫种群的区域化生态调控是未来保障农业生产和生态安全的必然选择。 相似文献
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本文利用数量遗传学方法分析害虫抗药性遗传学特性,比较了３种研究害虫抗药性遗传力的方法,其中同胞分析和亲子回归方法根据遗传力的定义直接估计抗性遗传力,阈性状分析法是根据药剂的选择作用估算出现实遗传力。 相似文献
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本文从森林病虫害可持续控制的观点出发,分析了江西森林病虫害危害现状,探讨了江西省森林病虫害可持续控制的基本对策和措施。 相似文献
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按照FAO国际植物检疫措施标准的有害生物风险分析框架,对越南、印尼、菲律宾、马来西亚、印度和泰国输华去皮毛椰子可能携带的有害生物进行了分析。明确这6个国家椰子上的有害生物173种,其中昆虫138种,螨7种,软体动物1种,线虫9种,真菌15种,类病毒1种,原核生物2种。凡在中国没有分布或局部有分布且处于官方控制下的有害生物都作为潜在的检疫性有害生物,共筛选出52种,对这52种潜在的检疫性有害生物作进一步评估,确定中方关注的输华去皮毛椰子中度风险以上的有害生物6种,其中高度风险2种,中度风险4种。并提出了风险管理措施,建议将这6种的潜在的检疫性有害生物作为输入去皮毛椰子的检疫性有害生物写入相关议定书中,要求不得携带。 相似文献
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Charles G. Summers 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》1998,3(3):127-154
Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., is among the most prized of forages, and is grown worldwide as a feed for all classes of livestock. It is one of man's oldest crops, and its cultivation probably predates recorded history. In addition to its versatility as a feed, alfalfa is well known for its ability to improve soil structure and, as a legume, is an effective source of biological nitrogen. As a perennial crop, alfalfa has a lifespan approaching 5 years, but in some areas of the world fields may remain productive for considerably longer. Such a long stand life affords ample time for the establishment and development of a diverse community structure by an abundance of organisms. In spite of system perturbations caused by frequent harvests and occasional pesticide applications, an alfalfa field provides a temporal stability which is uncommon among field crops. As a result of this stability, alfalfa supports an immense diversity of flora and fauna which, at times, exceeds that of riparian ecosystems. While most of alfalfa's inhabitants have little or no impact on it as a crop, a few are capable of causing extensive damage. Arthropods, plant pathogens, weeds, vertebrates, and plant parasitic nematodes can all cause significant yield and/or quality reductions and frequently contribute to shortening the productive life of the stand. This paper reviews the major strategies which have been developed to manage many of these alfalfa pests including: host plant resistance; cultural controls, such as harvest strategies, irrigation management, sanitation, planting schedules, and crop rotation; mechanical and physical controls; chemical control; and biological controls. Multiple pest interactions, e.g. insect-insect; insect-disease; insect-weed, and their management are discussed. Potential conflicts arising from the use of strategies which may reduce one pest but exacerbate others are also examined. A cross index of management strategies and their role in managing multiple pests is provided. Computer models, both ecological and economic, and their role in alfalfa pest management are discussed. Selected information sources on alfalfa and alfalfa IPM available over the Internet are listed. Alfalfa's role in the agricultural landscape, as it relates to pests, natural enemies, and pest management in other cropping systems as well as its role in crop rotation, is considered. 相似文献
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Pest Management in Traditional Tropical Agroecosystems: Lessons for Pest Prevention Research and Extension 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Helda Morales 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2002,7(3):145-163
Based on current agroecological theory and IPM practices, this review explores the role of traditional practices, involving
site selection, soil management, timing of planting and harvesting, crop resistance, intercropping, weed management, harvest
residue management, post-harvest management, natural enemies management, mechanical control, repellents and traps in the natural
regulation of potential pests. In synthesis, the literature suggests that although pest management professionals focus their
efforts on pest control, the preventative approach taken by traditional farmers is more effective. Potential constraints to
the implementation of this preventive pest management approach include:(1) lack of integration of ecological theory and pest
management, (2) lack of cooperation among social and biological scientists, and (3) lack of real efforts to work with farmers
as equals and support mechanisms that protect their knowledge.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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O. Coulibaly D. Mbila D.J. Sonwa Akin Adesina J. Bakala 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2002,7(3):165-172
Cocoa is a key or source of income and poverty reduction in the humid forest of Southern Cameroon. Cameroon like other African countries went through a major economic crisis in the early 1980s with a decline in international commodity prices and significant changes in macroeconomic policies. Structural adjustment reforms following the economic crisis led to removal of fertilizers and pesticides subsidies, cocoa price liberalization and the overall withdraw of Government interventions from the cocoa sub-sector. Cocoa input price increases have been compounded by the devaluation of the CFA Franc, which doubled the prices of the imported pesticides which were considered key to the control of cocoa pests. This overall economic shock led to changes in cocoa producer's production decisions as a response to minimize cost. Among the changes the use of alternatives to imported chemicals for cocoa pest control. Farmers responded to the high prices of pesticides by developing, from local botanical knowledge and pest management strategies, which include plant extracts and plant extracts mixed with pesticides at different proportions. This is a major decision given the importance of imported chemical in the cost of production of cocoa. Valuable indigenous knowledge from farmers could be used also as an effective support system for communicating and diffusing modern knowledge and technologies to farmers. The paper describes the farmer knowledge-based alternatives to chemical pesticides for pest control in cocoa fields as a response to high pest control costs. Pest management specialists are urged to take advantage of this shift in practice and assess their effectiveness for further use. Two sets of questions are posed: (1) were the conventional insecticides, with all their problems, really necessary? and (2) are the materials derived from locally grown plants effective pest management agents or are they, in some way, placebos? 相似文献
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农业生物多样性有许多重要的生态功能,控制农业有害生物的发生和流行是其中重要组成部分。生物多样性包括形态的多样性、功能多样性及互作的多样性,互作物质的多样性和互作方式的多样性决定了互作结果的多样性。充分利用品种之间,作物之间、作物与非作物之间的正向作用和负向作用来促进植物生长,减少病虫害的发生,是有效控制农林有害生物的重要措施。本文介绍该领域近年来的物种多样性研究的主要进展,同时提出以后研究的建议和方向,即应用宏基因组学、蛋白组学和代谢组学等后基因组学及植物生理生化等综合技术,系统分析农田生态系统中各种生物之间直接和间接互作机制的基础,根据不同的防控对象及环境条件确定多样性的结构和模式,通过大数据进行管控,才能实现病虫害的绿色防控和农业可持续发展。 相似文献